general type and implicit conversion to add support for using a general Bind instance in a for comprehension

comprehensible.scala

trait Bind[M[_]] {
  def fmap[A, B](ma: M[A], f: A => B): M[B]

  def bind[A, B](ma: M[A], f: A => M[B]): M[B]
}

trait Monad[M[_]] extends Bind[M]{

  def unit[A](a: => A): M[A]

  def fmap[A, B](ma: M[A], f: A => B): M[B] = bind(ma, (a:A) => unit(f(a)))

}

/** A wrapper for any Bind instance for use in a for-comprehension. */
abstract class Comprehensible[A, M[_] : Bind] {

  def map[B](f: A => B): M[B]

  def flatMap[B](f: A => M[B]): M[B]

}

/** Provide an implicit conversion to wrap any Bind in a for-comprehensible wrapper. */
object Comprehensible {

  implicit def impM[A, M[_] : Bind](ma: M[A]) = new Comprehensible[A, M] {

    val m = implicitly[Bind[M]]

    def map[B](f: A => B): M[B] = m.fmap(ma, f)

    def flatMap[B](f: A => M[B]): M[B] = m.bind(ma, f)

  }
}

/** A basic IO action. */
trait IO[A] {

  def unsafePerformIO(): A                                                                                                                                                       

}

/** A constructor to wrap any A as an IO action (provide a unit in a Monad instance). */
object IO {

  def apply[A](a: => A) = new IO[A] {
    override def unsafePerformIO() = a
  }

}

/** An implicit Monad instance, and therefore an instance of Bind. */
implicit val monadIO = new Monad[IO] {

  def unit[A](a: => A) = IO { a }

  def bind[A, B](ma: IO[A], f: A => IO[B]): IO[B] = IO {
    f(ma.unsafePerformIO()).unsafePerformIO()
  }

}

/** Now we can use any type for which there exists a Bind instance in a for-comprehension. */
import Comprehensible._

/** We have a Bind for IO and Comprehensible in scope, so we can create an IO action in a for-comprehension without having to implement map/flatMap ad-hoc in IO. */
val greetReadEcho = for {
  _ <- IO { println("Type a character: ") }
  c <- IO { System.console.readLine() }
  _ <- IO { println("READ: " + c) }
} yield c

greetReadEcho.unsafePerformIO()