allrgb.py

from math import sqrt
from rtree import index
from itertools import product
from PIL import Image
from random import shuffle
import numpy

# granularity of colour comonents
component_max = 64
# values each colour component can take
component_space = range(component_max)	
# Ratio between component_max and 256
colour_scale = component_max/255.0

# unique id number for an (r,g,b) tuple
def id(colour):
	r,g,b = colour
	return r*component_max*component_max + g*component_max + b

# convert id back to (r,g,b) tuple
def unid(n):
	b = n % component_max
	n = (n-b)/component_max
	g = n % component_max
	n = (n-g)/component_max
	r = n
	return (r,g,b)

# make a 3d r-tree
property_3d = index.Property()
property_3d.dimension = 3
idx = index.Index(properties=property_3d)

# fill up the r-tree with one of every colour
print("Filling r-tree...")
for colour in product(component_space,component_space,component_space):
	idx.insert(id(colour),colour)

# calculate width of an image which contains every colour
img_width = int(sqrt(component_max**3))

# load the input image
print("Opening image...")
img = Image.open(open(r'd:\tmp\4096doge.png','rb')).resize((img_width,img_width))

#create the output image
new_img = Image.new('RGB',(img_width,img_width))
arr = numpy.array(new_img)

# shuffle up the pixels in the output image
print("Shuffling pixels...")
pixels = list(product(range(img_width),range(img_width)))
shuffle(pixels)

print("Replacing pixels...")
progress = 0
l = len(pixels)
acc = 0
for pixel in pixels:
	acc += 1.0
	oprogress, progress = progress, int(100*acc/l)
	if progress>oprogress:
		print(progress)
	# get the colour of this pixel in the source image
	colour = [c*colour_scale for c in img.getpixel(pixel)]
	# find the id of the nearest colour still in the r-tree
	nearest = idx.nearest(colour).next()
	# convert back from the id to (r,g,b)
	r,g,b = unid(nearest)
	# remove it from the r-tree
	idx.delete(nearest,(r,g,b))

	new_pixel = arr[pixel]
	new_pixel[0] = r/colour_scale
	new_pixel[1] = g/colour_scale
	new_pixel[2] = b/colour_scale

print("Saving image...")
new_img = Image.fromarray(arr)
new_img.save("out.png")