Kiosk mode for lovelace

Readme.md

Kiosk mode

Installation

Add kiosk.js file with the content below to your www folder in config.

Like any other custom script, use ui-lovelace.yaml resources section to reference the kiosk.js file.

Make sure you add kiosk somewhere in your URL. You can use it in the id of your view or in the query string.

Examples:

/lovelace/0?kiosk

views:
  - title: Kiosk
    icon: mdi:heart
    id: kiosk_alarm

Keep tabs

If you still want to keep the Lovelace tabs and hide everything else use add show_tabs in your URL as query string.

/lovelace/0?kiosk&show_tabs

Note

If this is your first file in www make sure you restart Home Assistant.

Update

Fixed based on the working fork here: https://gist.github.com/corrafig/c8288df960e7f59e82c12d14de26fde8

Credits

Thanks to @corrafig for the fixes

kiosk.js

if (window.location.href.indexOf('kiosk') > 0) {
    setTimeout(function () {
        try {
            const home_assistant_main =  document
                  .querySelector("body > home-assistant").shadowRoot
                  .querySelector("home-assistant-main");
            
            const header = home_assistant_main.shadowRoot
                  .querySelector("app-drawer-layout > partial-panel-resolver > ha-panel-lovelace").shadowRoot
                  .querySelector("hui-root").shadowRoot
                  .querySelector("#layout > app-header")
                  .style.display = "none";
            
            const drawer = home_assistant_main.shadowRoot
                  .querySelector("#drawer")
                  .style.display = 'none';
            
            home_assistant_main.style.setProperty("--app-drawer-width", 0);
            home_assistant_main.shadowRoot
                .querySelector("#drawer > ha-sidebar").shadowRoot
                .querySelector("div.menu > paper-icon-button")
                .click();
            window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));
        }
        catch (e) {
            console.log(e);
        }
    }, 200);
}

ui-lovelace.yaml

resources:
  - url: /local/kiosk.js
    type: js
  - url: /local/custom-lovelace/thermostat-card/thermostat-card.js?v=0.1
    type: module
title: Lovelace Demo
views:
  - title: Home
    icon: mdi:heart
    id: kiosk_thermostat
    panel: true
    cards:
      - type: custom:thermostat-card
        title: HVAC
        entity: climate.hvac

I use this one, and it is really great. After updating hassio to 0.84 (and use yaml mode), there is a new empty area between the tabs and the content. Anthing kiosk.js can do with this?

Same as @zvennis, After upgrade to 0.84 and enabling lovelace yaml mode, I get a white bar between tabs and view. (This is the white section in the screenshot below.

Echoing the above, I get the white bar between the tabs and the webview now as well.

I have the same issue, and the left menu bar is also visible.

that is because of hiding the top bar after loading the page.
the cards are on the same position as if you are not using kiosk mode.

the top padding of the content-container must be changed and the content-container moved higher.

my javascript knowledge is too bad to fix it.

EDIT
Figured out the issue, and condensed the query selectors a bit.

if (window.location.href.indexOf('kiosk') > 0)
    setTimeout(function () {
        try {
            const drawer_layout = document
                    .querySelector('home-assistant').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('home-assistant-main').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('app-drawer-layout');
            const huiroot = drawer_layout
                    .querySelector('partial-panel-resolver').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('ha-panel-lovelace').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('hui-root').shadowRoot;
            
            const header = huiroot.querySelector('app-header');
            const toolbar = huiroot.querySelector('app-toolbar');
            const button_menu = toolbar
                    .querySelector('ha-menu-button').shadowRoot;

            if (window.location.href.indexOf('show_tabs') > 0) {
                toolbar.style.display = 'none';
            } else {
                header.style.display = 'none';
            }
            button_menu.querySelector('paper-icon-button').click();
            window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));
        }
        catch (e) {
            console.log(e);
        }
    }, 200);

@Zemoj
Thanks. New JS working for me after browser JS cache refresh.

One additional bug I'm seeing -- the sidebar seems to be hidden by calling .click() on paper-icon-button from the JS, but if sidebar is already hidden and page is reloaded, this causes sidebar to reappear. Is there any way to only click when sidebar is shown? or to hide sidebar in another form? My JS-fu isn't good enough to figure this out. Tried.

Hey,

I had a problem using a background-image on the view: Hidding the app-header made a blank line of 64px at the bottom of the page

I solved it by setting the minHeight at 100vh for the view component:

if (window.location.href.indexOf('kiosk') > 0) {
    setTimeout(function () {
        try {
            const root = document.querySelector('home-assistant').shadowRoot;
            const main = root.querySelector('home-assistant-main').shadowRoot;
            const drawer_layout = main.querySelector('app-drawer-layout');
            const drawer = drawer_layout.querySelector('app-drawer');
            drawer_sidebar = drawer.querySelector('ha-sidebar').shadowRoot;
            const app_toolbar = drawer_sidebar.querySelector('app-toolbar');
            const pages = drawer_layout.querySelector('partial-panel-resolver').shadowRoot;
            const lovelace = pages.querySelector('ha-panel-lovelace').shadowRoot;
            const huiroot = lovelace.querySelector('hui-root').shadowRoot;
            const view = huiroot.querySelector('.tabs-hidden');
            const header = huiroot.querySelector('app-header');
            const toolbar = huiroot.querySelector('app-toolbar');
            if (window.location.href.indexOf('show_tabs') > 0) {
                toolbar.style.display = 'none';
            } else {
                header.style.display = 'none';
                view.style.minHeight = "100vh";
            }
            app_toolbar.querySelector('paper-icon-button').click();
            window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));
        }
        catch (e) {
            console.log(e);
        }
    }, 2000);
}

@brahmafear haha i was just thinking about this also.

Add this new variable:

const app_drawer = drawer_layout.querySelector('app-drawer');

Then enclose the click part:

if(app_drawer.hasAttribute("opened")){
    button_menu.querySelector('paper-icon-button').click();
}

You can see my full file here https://gist.github.com/Zemoj/d2893f6be8ac5b7c58541ff92eeea54b
I also extended the time because the tablet I'm using take a little longer to load the first page.

Thanks @Zemoj, that's perfect :)

Alternative way to force the sidebar to hide:
drawer_layout.forceNarrow = true;

@brahmafear how did you clear the JS cache?

@brahmafear how did you clear the JS cache?

Add this part

Then go to your Home Assistant website and hit CTRL+SHIFT+R

The kiosk mode looks great, however I was wondering if it was possible to automatically switch tabs every {x} seconds, I have created my own JS file to do this but the page reloads on each interval, and I cannot for the life of me workout how to do it correctly.

Is there a possibility to request fullscreen?

Hi, I am trying to get this to work. On my desktop it works fine! Looking very good and exactly what I want. A clean dashboard. On the Ipad however I cannot get it to work. The header from lovelace keeps coming back after a period of time. Looks like it happens on a refresh or something. Does some body have the same experience? Does somebody have some tips? Thanks!

Hi, is there any way to add a refresh button in the top right corner? I have a kiosk set up and there's no easy way to refresh it other than turning the pi off and then on.

view.style.minHeight = "100vh";

Hi Jesselenne, did you manage to get it right? I have the same problem with a background image. But when I add your line to the config or use your whole config, I get an empty bar on top. Hope to hear from you.

This is amazing and exactly what I was looking for. Just wanted to say thank you for this!

view.style.minHeight = "100vh";

Hi Jesselenne, did you manage to get it right? I have the same problem with a background image. But when I add your line to the config or use your whole config, I get an empty bar on top. Hope to hear from you.

I fixed it by changing the minHeight for huiroot.querySelector('ha-app-layout').querySelector('#view').

if (window.location.href.indexOf('kiosk') > 0)
    setTimeout(function () {
        try {
            const drawer_layout = document
                    .querySelector('home-assistant').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('home-assistant-main').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('app-drawer-layout');
            const huiroot = drawer_layout
                    .querySelector('partial-panel-resolver').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('ha-panel-lovelace').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('hui-root').shadowRoot;

            const header = huiroot.querySelector('app-header');
            const toolbar = huiroot.querySelector('app-toolbar');
            const button_menu = toolbar.querySelector('ha-menu-button').shadowRoot;
            const app_drawer = drawer_layout.querySelector('app-drawer');

            if (window.location.href.indexOf('show_tabs') > 0) {
                toolbar.style.display = 'none';
            } else {
                header.style.display = 'none';
            }

            if(app_drawer.hasAttribute("opened")){
                button_menu.querySelector('paper-icon-button').click();
            }

            const app_layout = huiroot.querySelector('ha-app-layout').querySelector('#view')
            app_layout.style.minHeight = '100vh';

            window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));
        }
        catch (e) {
            console.log(e);
        }
    }, 500);

Kiosk is not working for me on 0.90.1 anymore, used to work up until 0.89
Anyone else affected?
Console gives me this:

Kiosk is not working for me on 0.90.1 anymore, used to work up until 0.89
Anyone else affected?

Yes, same here since 0.90.0

Yep same problem here on 0.90.0

Same here, didn't notice until 90.1

Same problem here since 0.90.0 :-(

Fixed it for the top bar at least. The menu drawer does not automatically hide

if (window.location.href.indexOf('kiosk') > 0)
    setTimeout(function () {
        try {
            const drawer_layout = document
                    .querySelector('home-assistant').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('home-assistant-main').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('app-drawer-layout');
            const huiroot = drawer_layout
                    .querySelector('partial-panel-resolver')
                    .querySelector('ha-panel-lovelace').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('hui-root').shadowRoot;

            const header = huiroot.querySelector('app-header');
            const toolbar = huiroot.querySelector('app-toolbar');
            const button_menu = toolbar.querySelector('ha-menu-button').shadowRoot;
            const app_drawer = drawer_layout.querySelector('app-drawer');

            if (window.location.href.indexOf('show_tabs') > 0) {
                toolbar.style.display = 'none';
            } else {
                header.style.display = 'none';
            }

            if(app_drawer.hasAttribute("opened")){
                button_menu.querySelector('paper-icon-button').click();
            }

            const app_layout = huiroot.querySelector('ha-app-layout').querySelector('#view')
            app_layout.style.minHeight = '100vh';

            window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));
        }
        catch (e) {
            console.log(e);
        }
    }, 500);

Thanks for that! it's working as you said it would.

Hi guys, I can't seem to get this working under 0.90.
When I use "https://url:8123/lovelace/1?kiosk" - the header still shows.
Any pointers would be awesome - Thanks

I'm using lovelace editor:
/.storage/lovelace

{
    "data": {
        "config": {
            "resources": [
                {
                    "type": "js",
                    "url": "/local/kiosk.js",
                    "type": "js",
                    "url": "/local/mini-media-player-bundle.js?v=1.0.3"
                }
            ],
            "title": "Home",
            "panel": "true",
            "id": "kiosk",
            "icon": "mdi:heart",
            "views": [

(using the updated script - thanks for the update)

root@hassio:/config/www# ls -lt
total 328
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   1456 Mar 24 10:15 kiosk.js

cat kiosk.js

if (window.location.href.indexOf('kiosk') > 0)
    setTimeout(function () {
        try {
            const drawer_layout = document
                    .querySelector('home-assistant').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('home-assistant-main').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('app-drawer-layout');
            const huiroot = drawer_layout
                    .querySelector('partial-panel-resolver')
                    .querySelector('ha-panel-lovelace').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('hui-root').shadowRoot;

            const header = huiroot.querySelector('app-header');
            const toolbar = huiroot.querySelector('app-toolbar');
            const button_menu = toolbar.querySelector('ha-menu-button').shadowRoot;
            const app_drawer = drawer_layout.querySelector('app-drawer');

            if (window.location.href.indexOf('show_tabs') > 0) {
                toolbar.style.display = 'none';
            } else {
                header.style.display = 'none';
            }

            if(app_drawer.hasAttribute("opened")){
                button_menu.querySelector('paper-icon-button').click();
            }

            const app_layout = huiroot.querySelector('ha-app-layout').querySelector('#view')
            app_layout.style.minHeight = '100vh';

            window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));
        }
        catch (e) {
            console.log(e);
        }
    }, 500);

{
    "data": {
        "config": {
            "resources": [{
                "type": "js",
                "url": "/local/kiosk.js",
                "type": "js",
                "url": "/local/mini-media-player-bundle.js?v=1.0.3"
            }],

Have you tried using the raw config editor instead of editing the /.storage/lovelace file? Using yaml is much easier. To get to the raw config editor, click the three dots in the upper right corner, select "Configure UI" then you can click those three dots again, and you will see the option for "Raw config editor". It's essentially the same as /.storage/lovelace, but in a much more readable format. Editing this way at least rules out syntax errors.

I've the same problem, I edit the config via the "raw config editor" all cards/addons works perfectly but this one does nothing...
I tried any option in the URL but the menu is still showing, any clue or real working example to help me understand where's the issue?

It didn't worked for me so i changed the Script like this:
I'm using Home Assistant 0.91.4

function removeHeader() {

    const root = document.querySelector('home-assistant').shadowRoot;
    const main = root.querySelector('home-assistant-main').shadowRoot;
    const drawer_layout = main.querySelector('app-drawer-layout');
    /*    const drawer = drawer_layout.querySelector('app-drawer');
        drawer_sidebar = drawer.querySelector('ha-sidebar').shadowRoot;
        const app_toolbar = drawer_sidebar.querySelector('app-toolbar');
        const pages = drawer_layout.querySelector('partial-panel-resolver').shadowRoot;*/
    const lovelace = drawer_layout.querySelector('ha-panel-lovelace').shadowRoot;
    const huiroot = lovelace.querySelector('hui-root').shadowRoot;
    const header = huiroot.querySelector('app-header');
    const toolbar = huiroot.querySelector('app-toolbar');
    if (window.location.href.indexOf('show_tabs') > 0) {
        toolbar.style.display = 'none';
    } else {
        header.style.display = 'none';
    }
    window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));
}
removeHeader();

@agrigo2s, is that code working for you on 0.91.4? Doesn't work for me

@fmonday do you get Javascript-errors? Can you check you js -console?

I have some errors in home-assistant.log, but none of them seem relevant. How do I call the JS console on an RPi? I'm running the latest HA virtually. I tried entering "js -console" into a command prompt and bash doesn't know the command.

Open your http://hassio.local:8123/ in firefox or chrome and press ctrl+shift+i and then press the "console"-tab.

OK so interestingly, I'd been testing this on Safari on a MacBook Pro, which continues to behave as if kiosk.js isn't installed. However, following your directions I opened Chrome on a MacBook pro, and everything works as intended. Nevertheless the JS console in Chrome give this error:
Uncaught (in promise) DOMException :8123/lovelace/default_view?kiosk?show_tabs:1 Uncaught (in promise) DOMException

I've also now tested it out on both mobile Safari and the HA v 2.0 beta companion app, and both of them go directly into Kiosk mode as soon as you start, and then you're stuck on just the first tab in kiosk mode. There's no URL bar in the app, but in Safari checking the URL confirms that there's no query string. My second view is titled "kiosk", but it defaults to the first view and there's no way to change it.

Thoughts?

Updated my copy for 0.91.4: https://gist.github.com/Zemoj/d2893f6be8ac5b7c58541ff92eeea54b

@Zemoj nice!
@fmonday do you want to use it with a tablet? I could try to use a swipe-event to change the pages :)

@agrigo2s yes, I'm trying to get it to work on an iPad. Swiping to change pages would be great!

I think I'm realizing that the kiosk mode persists until one clears the cache, which is kind of a bummer on your main browser, and doesn't even seem to be possible in the companion app (including the v2 beta right now). Does that sound right to you guys?

Not sure what I'm missing here, but I added the kiosk.js file to the www folder, added the resources section to the ui-lovelace.yaml, restarted, and tried accessing the URL with ?kiosk in it and I don't see anything different happening.

I see this though:

TypeError: Cannot read property 'querySelector' of null
at kiosk.js:11

v 91.4 here.

like this : http://hassio.local:8123/lovelace/0?kiosk ? Can you check in the sourcecode if the js file is loaded?

like this : http://hassio.local:8123/lovelace/0?kiosk ? Can you check in the sourcecode if the js file is loaded?

Doesn't work for me either, nothing in my /www is being picked up.

view.style.minHeight = "100vh";

Hi Jesselenne, did you manage to get it right? I have the same problem with a background image. But when I add your line to the config or use your whole config, I get an empty bar on top. Hope to hear from you.

I fixed it by changing the minHeight for huiroot.querySelector('ha-app-layout').querySelector('#view').

if (window.location.href.indexOf('kiosk') > 0)
    setTimeout(function () {
        try {
            const drawer_layout = document
                    .querySelector('home-assistant').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('home-assistant-main').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('app-drawer-layout');
            const huiroot = drawer_layout
                    .querySelector('partial-panel-resolver').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('ha-panel-lovelace').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('hui-root').shadowRoot;

            const header = huiroot.querySelector('app-header');
            const toolbar = huiroot.querySelector('app-toolbar');
            const button_menu = toolbar.querySelector('ha-menu-button').shadowRoot;
            const app_drawer = drawer_layout.querySelector('app-drawer');

            if (window.location.href.indexOf('show_tabs') > 0) {
                toolbar.style.display = 'none';
            } else {
                header.style.display = 'none';
            }

            if(app_drawer.hasAttribute("opened")){
                button_menu.querySelector('paper-icon-button').click();
            }

            const app_layout = huiroot.querySelector('ha-app-layout').querySelector('#view')
            app_layout.style.minHeight = '100vh';

            window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));
        }
        catch (e) {
            console.log(e);
        }
    }, 500);

I still get the white bar, is this still working for you?

i have tried this with hassio running in OPi PC2,but it is not working..any advises...the error message in consule is 404 not found. Also none of the custom addon works...any advises..?

Not sure what I'm missing here, but I added the kiosk.js file to the www folder, added the resources section to the ui-lovelace.yaml, restarted, and tried accessing the URL with ?kiosk in it and I don't see anything different happening.

I see this though:

TypeError: Cannot read property 'querySelector' of null
at kiosk.js:11

v 91.4 here.

Same here:
TypeError: Cannot read property 'querySelector' of null
hassio 0.94.3
chrome latest

Are you guys using the updated versions from the comments? My link above should work for 91.4 Also just for reference if this is the first item in the www folder HA needs to be restarted. Version 94 might have changed page structure again, I can take a look tonight.

Are you guys using the updated versions from the comments? My link above should work for 91.4 Also just for reference if this is the first item in the www folder HA needs to be restarted. Version 94 might have changed page structure again, I can take a look tonight.

You are right, your version works correctly with the latest version of ha
Thank you!!!

I get this error on version 0.96.5"

TypeError: Cannot read property 'querySelector' of null
at kiosk.js:11

I get this error on version 0.96.5"

TypeError: Cannot read property 'querySelector' of null
at kiosk.js:11

I made the following quick fix for myself:
https://gist.github.com/corrafig/c8288df960e7f59e82c12d14de26fde8

I get this error on version 0.96.5"
TypeError: Cannot read property 'querySelector' of null
at kiosk.js:11

I made the following quick fix for myself:
https://gist.github.com/corrafig/c8288df960e7f59e82c12d14de26fde8

thanks man! it worked! there is anyway to keep the tabs from the top?

After updating to HA 100.2 the kiosk mode doesent work.
It seems to break with
TypeError: Cannot read property 'click' of null at kiosk.js?v=3:19
I assume that menu button has changed name.

Collapsing the side-bar now minimizes the menu instead of hiding it. Which means that we might need to hide the side-bar instead of collapsing it.

Anybody made a fix for HA 100.2 yet?

/Esben

I'll try and have a look

I'll try and have a look

Using @corrafig's modified worked.
Maybe mine was old. Sorry.

@esbenr thanks for letting me know. I've updated the original version here with the forked working version and updated credits to reflect contribution.

It seems that in the latest fix show_tabs is no longer working. Any way to get it back?

Same problem like @AdamRidley.

Bump of the show_tabs function not working.

This one's working for me, including show_tabs. Note the removal of .shadowRoot on .querySelector('partial-panel-resolver'). I also changed the app_layout.style.minHeight to 50vh to get rid of an issue I had with scrollbars rendering when they weren't really necessary - but you may or may not want to change this back to 100vh as previous examples have

if (window.location.href.indexOf('kiosk') > 0) {
    setTimeout(function () {
        try {
            const drawer_layout = document
                    .querySelector('home-assistant').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('home-assistant-main').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('app-drawer-layout');
            const huiroot = drawer_layout
                    .querySelector('partial-panel-resolver')
                    .querySelector('ha-panel-lovelace').shadowRoot
                    .querySelector('hui-root').shadowRoot;
            const header = huiroot.querySelector('app-header');
            const toolbar = huiroot.querySelector('app-toolbar');
            const button_menu = toolbar.querySelector('ha-menu-button').shadowRoot;
            const app_drawer = drawer_layout.querySelector('app-drawer');
            if (window.location.href.indexOf('show_tabs') > 0) {
                toolbar.style.display = 'none';
            } else {
                header.style.display = 'none';
            }
            if(app_drawer.hasAttribute("opened")){
                button_menu.querySelector('paper-icon-button').click();
            }
            const app_layout = huiroot.querySelector('ha-app-layout').querySelector('#view')
            app_layout.style.minHeight = '50vh';
            window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));
        }
        catch (e) {
            console.log(e);
        }
    }, 200);
}

I'm using users and the "visible: - user:" configuration variable to only have certain Lovelace views show up on my tablet dashboard. The tabs can be hidden with kiosk mode but the sidebar is always visible when I'm using users other than my main administrator user. Any ideas why and how to solve this problem?

show_tabs not working anymore... anyone has a fix?

Custom Header can be used as a replacement for kiosk.js, and it's well-maintained. You can install it (and keep it updated) through HACS if you use that.

@johan149

Here's my take at fixing show_tabs in this script, compatible with Home Assistant 0.111:

if (window.location.href.indexOf('kiosk') > 0) {
    setTimeout(function () {
        try {
            const home_assistant_main =  document
                  .querySelector("body > home-assistant").shadowRoot
                  .querySelector("home-assistant-main");
            
            if (window.location.href.indexOf('show_tabs') > 0) {
                const header = home_assistant_main.shadowRoot
                      .querySelector("app-drawer-layout > partial-panel-resolver > ha-panel-lovelace").shadowRoot
                      .querySelector("hui-root").shadowRoot
                      .querySelector("#layout > app-header > app-toolbar")
                      .style.display = "none";
            } else {
                const header = home_assistant_main.shadowRoot
                      .querySelector("app-drawer-layout > partial-panel-resolver > ha-panel-lovelace").shadowRoot
                      .querySelector("hui-root").shadowRoot
                      .querySelector("#layout > app-header")
                      .style.display = "none";
            }
            
            const drawer = home_assistant_main.shadowRoot
                  .querySelector("#drawer")
                  .style.display = 'none';
                  
            home_assistant_main.shadowRoot
                  .querySelector("app-drawer-layout > partial-panel-resolver > ha-panel-lovelace").shadowRoot
                  .querySelector("hui-root").shadowRoot
                  .querySelector("ha-app-layout")
                  .querySelector("app-header").style.left="0"

            home_assistant_main.style.setProperty("--app-drawer-width", 0);
            home_assistant_main.shadowRoot
                .querySelector("#drawer > ha-sidebar").shadowRoot
                .querySelector("div.menu > ha-icon-button")
                .click();
            // window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize')); // messes up the layout
        }
        catch (e) {
            console.log(e);
        }
    }, 200);
}

Hi, I already learned, that custom header will be depricated with 116.x. Is there any chance, to bring this component into HACS?

Hi, I already learned, that custom header will be depricated with 116.x. Is there any chance, to bring this component into HACS?

Hi.
Feel free to make a pullrequest. It’s open source.

Puh, ok. I have never done that. ;-)

how is it possible to disable the side menu for non administrator accounts and make header compact?
It would also be nice to add elements eg. time and other entities to the top right side. Sample below.

Any help and code suggestions would be greatly appreciated.