bad_inheritance.php

## bad_inheritance.php
<?php

// --- Bad inheritance

abstract class Media
{
	abstract protected function tableSource() : string;

	public function getByID(int $id) : array
	{
		$tableSource = $this->tableSource();
		return $this->db->query("select * from $tableSource where id = ?", $id);
	}

	public function download(int $id) : string
	{
		$provider = $this instanceof Music ? new S3Provider() : new ExternalProvider();
		return $provider->getDownloadURL($id);
	}
}

class Music extends Media
{
	protected function tableSource() : string
	{
		return 'music';
	}
}

class Video extends Media
{
	protected function tableSource() : string
	{
		return 'videos';
	}
}

// --- composition

interface Media
{
	public function getByID(int $id) : array;

	public function download(int $id) : string;
}

trait MediaDownloadTrait
{
	private $provider;

	public function download(int $id) : string
	{
		return $this->provider->getDownloadURL($id);
	}
}

class Music implements Media
{
	use MediaDownloadTrait;

	public function __construct(Provider $provider = null)
	{
		$this->provider = $provider ?? new S3Provider();
	}

	public function getByID(int $id) : array
	{
		return $this->db->query("select * from music where id = ?", $id);
	}
}

class Video implements Media
{
	use MediaDownloadTrait;

	public function __construct(Provider $provider = null)
	{
		$this->provider = $provider ?? new ExternalProvider();
	}

	public function getByID(int $id) : array
	{
		return $this->db->query("select * from videos where id = ?", $id);
	}
}

## collections.php
<?php

class Item
{
	public function __construct($name, $upc, $price)
	{
		$this->name = $name;
		$this->upc = $upc;
		$this->price = $price;
	}
}

class ItemCollection implements \Iterator
{
	private $items = [];

	private $position = 0;

	public function __construct(Item ...$items)
	{
		$this->items = $items;
	}

	public function addItem(Item $item)
	{
		$this->items[] = $item;
	}

	public function rewind() {
		$this->position = 0;
	}

	public function current() {
		return $this->items[$this->position];
	}

	public function key() {
		return $this->position;
	}

	public function next() {
		++$this->position;
	}

	public function valid() {
		return isset($this->items[$this->position]);
	}
}

function display(ItemCollection $items)
{
	foreach ($items as $item) {
		echo $item->name;
	}
}

$item = new Item('A', '80090192308', 9.99);
$item2 = new Item('B', '80912980741', 10.99);
$itemCollection = new ItemCollection($item, $item2);
display($items);

function displayEasier(Item ...$items)
{
	foreach ($items as $item) {
		echo $item->name;
	}
}

displayEasier($item, $item2);

## domain.php
<?php

class Email
{
	public $email;

	public function __construct(string $email)
	{
		$this->email = $email;
	}

	public function isValid() : boolean
	{
		return SomeRFCRequirement::satisfies($this->email);
	}
}


class Emailer
{
	public function sendEmail(Email $email, string $body)
	{
		if (!$email->isValid()) {
			throw \RuntimeException('Invalid email');
		}
	}
}

class EmailRepo
{
	public function saveEmail(Email $email) : int
	{
		return $this->db->execute('insert into emails (email) values (?)', $email->email);
	}

	public function getEmail($id) : Email
	{
		return new Email($this->db->query('select email from emails where id = ?', $id));
	}
}

$email = new Email('somebademail');
$emailRepo = new EmailRepo();
$id = $emailRepo->saveEmail($email);

// Sometime later (possibly after user has left the site)
$email = $emailRepo->getEmail($id);
$emailer = new Emailer();
$emailer->sendEmail($email, 'Some cool email text');
// OH NO invalid email what do we do now?

## observer.php
<?php

// Observer pattern overuse

class ItemObserver implements SplObserver
{
	public function update(SplSubject $subject) {
		foreach ($subject->items() as $item) {
			if ($item['quantity'] < 0) {
				// Now we have to know this observer's behavior in the subject in order to handle this?
				throw new \RuntimeException('Expected positive quantity.');
			}
		}
	}
}

class Cart implements SplSubject
{
	private $items = [];

	public function __construct()
	{
		$this->bus = [];
	}

	public function attach(SplObserver $observer) : void
	{
		$this->bus[] = $observer;
	}

	public function detach(SplObserver $observer) : void
	{
	}

	public function addItem(array $item) : void
	{
		$this->items[] = $item;
		$this->notify();
	}

	public function notify() : void
	{
		foreach ($this->bus as $observer) {
			$observer->update($this);
		}
	}

	public function items() : array
	{
		return $items;
	}
}

$cart = new Cart();
$cart->addItem(['quantity' => 1, 'name' => 'some product']);

## provider.php
<?php

// Provider misuse

interface SearchProvider
{
	public function search(string $term) : array;
}

class Provider
{
	private $providerList = [
		'products' => [
			'active' => 'ProductsElasticSearchProvider',
			'fallback' => 'ProductsMySQLProvider',
		],
		'discounts' => [
			'active' => 'DiscountMySQLProvider',
			'fallback' => 'DiscountMySQLProvider',
		],
		'coupons' => [
			'active' => 'CouponMySQLProvider',
			'fallback' => 'CouponMySQLProvider',
		],
		'giftcard' => [
			'active' => 'GiftcardMySQLProvider',
			'fallback' => 'GiftcardMySQLProvider',
		],
	];

	public static function getProvider(string $type)
	{
		$classPath = static::$providerList[$type]['active'];
		return new $classPath();
	}
}

class ProductMySQLProvider implements SearchProvider
{
	public function search(string $term) : array
	{
		return $this->db->query('select * from products where name = ?', $term);
	}
}

class ProductController
{
	public function __construct(Request $request, Response $response)
	{
		$this->request = $request;
		$this->response = $response;
	}

	public function search()
	{
		$this->response->body($this->getProvider('product')->search($this->request->param('term')));
	}
}

## unit_test_dates.php
<?php

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class ExpensiveOperation
{
	public function doIt()
	{
		// This is just a simulation of something that takes a while
		sleep(1);
		return $this->getNow();
	}

	protected function getNow()
	{
		return date('c');
	}
}

class ExpensiveOperationTest extends TestCase
{
	// Brittle tests with dates
	public function testDoIt()
	{
		$now = date('c');
		$op = new ExpensiveOperation();
		$result = $op->doIt();
		$this->assertEquals($now, $result);
		// This will fail periodically depending on the timing of the test
	}

	public function testDoItNiavelyBetter()
	{
		$now = date('c');
		$mock = $this->getMock(ExpsensiveOperation::class, ['getNow']);
		$mock->expects($this->any())->method('getNow')
			->will($this->returnValue($now));
		$result = $mock->doIt();
		$this->assertEquals($now, $result);
		// Passes, but we have a mock :(
	}

	public function testDoItBest()
	{
		$now = new \DateTimeImmutable();
		$op = new ExpensiveOperationBetter($now);
		$result = $op->doIt();
		$this->assertEquals($now->format('c'), $result);
		// Passes, no mocks!
	}
}

class ExpensiveOperationBetter extends ExpensiveOperation
{
	private $now;

	public function __construct(\DateTimeImmutable $now = null)
	{
		if ($now === null) {
			$now = new \DateTimeImmutable();
		}
		$this->now = $now;
	}

	protected function getNow()
	{
		return $this->now->format('c');
	}
}

## unit_test_fixtures_are_the_test.php
<?php

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
use PHPUnit\DbUnit\TestCaseTrait;

class DataModel
{
	public function getEntries() : array
	{
		return $this->db->query("select * from some_table");
	}

	public function getFilteredEntries(string $name) : array
	{
		return $this->db->query("select * from some_table where name = ?", $name);
	}
}

class DataModelFixture
{
	public $fixture = [
		'some_table' => [
			['id' => 1, 'name' => 'a'],
			['id' => 2, 'name' => 'b'],
			['id' => 3, 'name' => 'b'],
		]
	];
}

class DataModelTest extends TestCase
{
	use TestCaseTrait;

	public function setUp()
	{
		$this->fixture = DataModelFixture::$fixture;
	}

	public function testGetEntries()
	{
		$model = new DataModel();
		$results = $model->getEntries();
		$this->assertCount(3, $results);
	}

	public function testGetFilteredEntries()
	{
		$model = new DataModel();
		$results = $model->getFilteredEntries('b');
		$this->assertCount(2, $results);
	}
}

## unit_test_generators.php
<?php

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

function numberGenerator($length) : \Generator
{
	foreach (range(1, $length) as $number) {
		yield $number;
	}
}

class NumberGeneratorTest extends TestCase
{
	public function testNumberGeneratorOops()
	{
		$results = numberGenerator(3);
		$this->assertEquals([1, 2, 3], $results);
		// this will fail
	}

	public function testNumberGeneratorFix()
	{
		$results = iterator_to_array(numberGenerator(3));
		// or
		foreach (numberGenerator(3) as $number) {
			$results[] = $number;
		}
		$this->assertEquals([1, 2, 3], $results);
		// Passes
	}
}