This guide will show how to setup a new web application project with:
- git, a distributed version control system.
- Symfony2 framework
- Behat, a tool for behavior driven development.
- Mink, a tool unifying access to browser emulators wrapping them into one API.
- Zombie.js, a browser emulator.
- PHPUnit, the de-facto standard test suite in the PHP world.
This guide will not show how to install git, PHPUnit nor node.js and npm (node package manager). PHPUnit should be available through PEAR installation, please see http://www.phpunit.de/manual/3.6/en/installation.html
The requirements before getting along with this guide:
- PHP 5.3 installed
- git installed
- node.js and npm installed
- PHPUnit installed
- UNIX based operation system (or knowledge on how to get things done on your system)
We create a folder where the project will live in and initialize a new git repository with git init.
We are going to use the standard edition of Symfony2. Those steps download and extract the files into the current directory.
- wget http://symfony.com/download?v=Symfony_Standard_2.0.1.tgz
- tar -xzf Symfony_Standard_2.0.1.tgz -s /^Symfony//
- rm Symfony_Standard_2.0.1.tgz
Issuing the list command ls should result into this list:
LICENSE README.md app bin deps deps.lock src web
Now we install the dependencies defined in the "deps" file for Symfony2 using the ./bin/vendors install command line.
Afterwards we setup the web server to point to the "web/" directory of our project. In addition we have to grant the web server access to the "app/cache/" and "app/logs/" directories.
If you access your host at /app_dev.php, you will now see the shiny Symfony2 welcome page!
Before creating our first commit, we create the project's .gitignore and insert those three lines for now.
app/cache/* app/logs/* !*.gitkeep
As git won't add empty folders to the repository, but we want to have the cache and logs directory in it, we add the two .gitkeep files there:
touch app/cache/.gitkeep app/logs/.gitkeep
So, this is our first commit. We have installed Symfony2!
Now, that we have a working development environment, we can start to setup the required tools. We start with Behat and the BehatBundle. This is pretty easy, if you follow the steps on the Behat website at http://docs.behat.org/bundle/index.html We are following the second method using the git approach.
The changes at a glance as follows.
Add those lines to the "deps" file.
[gherkin]
git=https://github.com/Behat/Gherkin.git
target=/behat/gherkin
[behat]
git=https://github.com/Behat/Behat.git
target=/behat/behat
[BehatBundle]
git=https://github.com/Behat/BehatBundle.git
target=/bundles/Behat/BehatBundle
In "app/autoload.php" add these namespaces to be registered:
'Behat\Gherkin' => __DIR__.'/../vendor/behat/gherkin/src', 'Behat\Behat' => __DIR__.'/../vendor/behat/behat/src', 'Behat\BehatBundle' => __DIR__.'/../vendor/bundles',
Finally, tell the AppKernel, to register the BehatBundle to the test environment.
if ('test' === $this->getEnvironment()) {
$bundles[] = new Behat\BehatBundle\BehatBundle();
}
Now we can install our newly added dependencies by running ./bin/vendors install again.
For now, we do not lock the new dependencies to a specific version. We will do this, as soon as the setup is completed.
The standard edition of Symfony2 comes with the Acme\DemoBundle. We will use this for our first tries. This makes it very easy, because we can now focus on setting up Behat and the following tools.
By issuing php app/console -e=test behat --init @AcmeDemoBundle we are done!
This command created the bundle's FeatureContext where everything regarding Behat will be defined, such as step definitions. The newly created folder "Features" within the bundle will contain our feature definitions.
Now that we have Behat available, we will give it a try. We will add two entities to the bundle, a Product and a Category. They will represent some kind of catalog, e.g. for an online shop.
- A product is something we keep in stock.
- A category groups products.
- A product may be part of one or more categories.
Actually, by reading the last three lines again, we figure out, that those are features already! So, let's get to Gherkin. What is Gherkin? Well, it's a language to describe features with scenarios - in other words (from Gherkin wiki):
It is a Business Readable, Domain Specific Language that lets you describe software’s behaviour without detailing how that behaviour is implemented.
OK, we are now aware, that we have already three definitions for our relation. Let's re-word them in the correct way and save them into a feature file Behat will look for. The file will be "ProductCategoryRelation.feature" and will be saved into the previously mentioned "Features" folder within the DemoBundle.
We are now testing the behavior of our model, so we are writing a feature definition for developer or the system itself. Using Gherkin as a language, this is one possible result:
Feature: Product Category Relationship In order to setup a valid catalog As a developer I need a working relationship
This being the feature, we now need the scenarios to be defined.
Scenario: A category contains a product
Given I have a category "Underwear"
And I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5"
When I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Underwear"
Then I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Underwear"
Scenario: A category contains more than 1 product
Given I have a category "Underwear"
And I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5"
And I have a product "Calvin Klein White, 5"
When I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Underwear"
And I add product "Calvin Klein White, 5" to category "Underwear"
Then I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Underwear"
And I should find product "Calvin Klein White, 5" in category "Underwear"
Scenario: A product is part of more than 1 category
Given I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5"
And I have a category "Underwear"
And I have a category "Men"
When I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Underwear"
And I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Men"
Then I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Underwear"
And I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Men"
Well, we defined three scenarios - exactly the same we came up with before. Also, we created some step definitions the FeatureContext has to provide and "translate" into actual code.
Let's start implementing the step definitions into the feature context. According to our feature, our first step definition reads
Given I have a category "Underwear"
The category name will be a parameter, so we make up a regular expression out of this definition. That could be /I have a category "([^"]*)"/.
Behat will pass the matches in there respective order to the method defining the step. Adding this to our feature context results into this empty method so far.
/**
* @Given /I have a category "([^"]*)"/
*/
public function iHaveACategory($name)
{
}
The @Given (@When and @Then) annotations are recognized by Behat, for more information on this topic, review http://docs.behat.org/quick_intro.html#more-about-steps An "And" will be considered an extra Given/When/Then when used after one, respectively.
Now we have a small problem. We didn't setup any entities by now. So, we could do this now, but in Test Driven Development, we won't. Doctrine2 is available, but we have nothing set up. However, we can use it right away - we will implement everything we need, after we have got our tests.
The step will only save a category with a given name.
/**
* @Given /I have a category "([^"]*)"/
*/
public function iHaveACategory($name)
{
$em = $this->getContainer()->get('doctrine')->getEntityManager();
$entity = new \Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Category();
$entity->setName($name);
$em->persist($entity);
$em->flush();
}
The next step is the same, but for a new product.
And I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5"
The step definition is quite the same, too.
/**
* @Given /I have a product "([^"]*)"/
*/
public function iHaveAProduct($name)
{
$em = $this->getContainer()->get('doctrine')->getEntityManager();
$entity = new \Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Product();
$entity->setName($name);
$em->persist($entity);
$em->flush();
}
Retrieving the entity manager of doctrine has become a common task, so we add a method wrapping this call and change the methods a bit. Afterwards, the feature context so far, will be this.
<?php
namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context;
use Behat\BehatBundle\Context\BehatContext,
Behat\BehatBundle\Context\MinkContext;
use Behat\Behat\Context\ClosuredContextInterface,
Behat\Behat\Context\TranslatedContextInterface,
Behat\Behat\Exception\PendingException;
use Behat\Gherkin\Node\PyStringNode,
Behat\Gherkin\Node\TableNode;
require_once 'PHPUnit/Autoload.php';
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework/Assert/Functions.php';
/**
* Feature context.
*/
class FeatureContext extends BehatContext
{
/**
* @Given /I have a category "([^"]*)"/
*/
public function iHaveACategory($name)
{
$category = new \Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Category();
$category->setName($name);
$this->getEntityManager()->persist($category);
$this->getEntityManager()->flush();
}
/**
* @Given /I have a product "([^"]*)"/
*/
public function iHaveAProduct($name)
{
$product = new \Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Product();
$product->setName($name);
$this->getEntityManager()->persist($product);
$this->getEntityManager()->flush();
}
/**
* Returns the Doctrine entity manager.
*
* @return Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager
*/
protected function getEntityManager()
{
return $this->getContainer()->get('doctrine')->getEntityManager();
}
}
Let's check, whether Behat recognizes our new definitions with php app/console behat -e test @AcmeDemoBundle --definitions. The output should be.
Given /I have a category "([^"]*)"/ Given /I have a product "([^"]*)"/
Well, there are only two additional step definitions left.
@When /I add product "([^"])" to category "([^"])"/@Then /I should find product "([^"])" in category "([^"])"/
After adding these, we will have this feature context:
<?php
namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context;
use Behat\BehatBundle\Context\BehatContext,
Behat\BehatBundle\Context\MinkContext;
use Behat\Behat\Context\ClosuredContextInterface,
Behat\Behat\Context\TranslatedContextInterface,
Behat\Behat\Exception\PendingException;
use Behat\Gherkin\Node\PyStringNode,
Behat\Gherkin\Node\TableNode;
require_once 'PHPUnit/Autoload.php';
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework/Assert/Functions.php';
/**
* Feature context.
*/
class FeatureContext extends BehatContext
{
/**
* @Given /There is no "([^"]*)" in database/
*/
public function thereIsNoRecordInDatabase($entityName)
{
$entities = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository($entityName)->findAll();
foreach ($entities as $eachEntity) {
$this->getEntityManager()->remove($eachEntity);
}
$this->getEntityManager()->flush();
}
/**
* @Given /I have a category "([^"]*)"/
*/
public function iHaveACategory($name)
{
$category = new \Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Category();
$category->setName($name);
$this->getEntityManager()->persist($category);
$this->getEntityManager()->flush();
}
/**
* @Given /I have a product "([^"]*)"/
*/
public function iHaveAProduct($name)
{
$product = new \Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Product();
$product->setName($name);
$this->getEntityManager()->persist($product);
$this->getEntityManager()->flush();
}
/**
* @When /I add product "([^"]*)" to category "([^"]*)"/
*/
public function iAddProductToCategory($productName, $categoryName)
{
$product = $this->getRepository('AcmeDemoBundle:Product')->findOneByName($productName);
$category = $this->getRepository('AcmeDemoBundle:Category')->findOneByName($categoryName);
$category->addProduct($product);
$this->getEntityManager()->persist($category);
$this->getEntityManager()->flush();
}
/**
* @Then /I should find product "([^"]*)" in category "([^"]*)"/
*/
public function iShouldFindProductInCategory($productName, $categoryName)
{
$category = $this->getRepository('AcmeDemoBundle:Category')->findOneByName($categoryName);
$found = false;
foreach ($category->getProducts() as $product) {
if ($productName === $product->getName()) {
$found = true;
break;
}
}
assertTrue($found);
}
/**
* Returns the Doctrine entity manager.
*
* @return Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager
*/
protected function getEntityManager()
{
return $this->getContainer()->get('doctrine')->getEntityManager();
}
/**
* Returns the Doctrine repository manager for a given entity.
*
* @param string $entityName The name of the entity.
*
* @return Doctrine\ORM\EntityRepository
*/
protected function getRepository($entityName)
{
return $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository($entityName);
}
}
Issuing the test command php app/console behat -e test @AcmeDemoBundle will result in every single scenario failing. This is ok for now, because we didn't set up anything!
First, we need to define our data model. As by our scenarios, we have a Product and a Category, both sharing a Many-To-Many relationship. Doctrine is able to read YAML schema files. We need two of them: one for each model, respectively. They will be saved in the bundles directory under "Resources/config/doctrine/". Their names are Product.orm.yml and Category.orm.yml.
The category is described by this schema.
Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Category:
type: entity
table: categories
id:
id:
type: integer
generator: { strategy: AUTO }
manyToMany:
products:
targetEntity: Product
joinTable:
name: products_categories
joinColumns:
category_id:
referencedColumnName: id
inverseJoinColumns:
product_id:
referencedColumnName: id
fields:
name:
type: string
length: 100
unique: true
The product will re-use the relationship and thus will result into a quite shorter schema.
Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Product:
type: entity
table: products
id:
id:
type: integer
generator: { strategy: AUTO }
manyToMany:
categories:
targetEntity: Category
mappedBy: products
fields:
name:
type: string
length: 100
unique: true
Now we can create our entities using php app/console doctrine:generate:entities AcmeDemoBundle.
Generating entities for bundle "AcmeDemoBundle" > backing up Category.php to Category.php~ > generating Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Category > backing up Product.php to Product.php~ > generating Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Product
Before we can work with those models, we need to set up the databases correctly. By default, Symfony2 imports the "app/config/parameters.ini" where your database is configured.
But you should always separate the databases for each environment (production, development and test). To get this done in a simple manner, we make use of the placeholder capabilities of the configuration. We only change the "app/config/config.yml". In section doctrine.dbal.dbname we change the value to "%database_name%_%kernel.environment%". The complete section should read:
doctrine:
dbal:
driver: %database_driver%
host: %database_host%
port: %database_port%
dbname: %database_name%_%kernel.environment%
user: %database_user%
password: %database_password%
charset: UTF8
orm:
auto_generate_proxy_classes: %kernel.debug%
auto_mapping: true
Issuing the database:create task php app/console doctrine:database:create -e test will result in:
Created database for connection named symfony_test
Now, we create the defined schema in this database by issuing php app/console doctrine:schema:create -e test.
ATTENTION: This operation should not be executed in a production environment. Creating database schema... Database schema created successfully!
Now, that we have our model set up and have created a database, we are good to go!
By issuing php app/console behat -e test @AcmeDemoBundle, we will see that everything should be working?
Feature: Product Category Relationship
In order to setup a valid catalog
As a developer
I need a working relationship
Scenario: A category contains a product # src/Acme/DemoBundle/Features/ProductCategoryRelation.feature:10
Given I have a category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveACategory()
And I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveAProduct()
When I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iAddProductToCategory()
Then I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iShouldFindProductInCategory()
Scenario: A category contains more than 1 product # src/Acme/DemoBundle/Features/ProductCategoryRelation.feature:16
Given I have a category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveACategory()
SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1062 Duplicate entry 'Underwear' for key 'UNIQ_3AF346685E237E06'
And I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveAProduct()
And I have a product "Calvin Klein White, 5" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveAProduct()
When I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iAddProductToCategory()
And I add product "Calvin Klein White, 5" to category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iAddProductToCategory()
Then I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iShouldFindProductInCategory()
And I should find product "Calvin Klein White, 5" in category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iShouldFindProductInCategory()
Scenario: A product is part of more than 1 category # src/Acme/DemoBundle/Features/ProductCategoryRelation.feature:25
Given I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveAProduct()
The EntityManager is closed.
And I have a category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveACategory()
And I have a category "Men" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveACategory()
When I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iAddProductToCategory()
And I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Men" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iAddProductToCategory()
Then I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iShouldFindProductInCategory()
And I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Men" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iShouldFindProductInCategory()
3 scenarios (1 passed, 2 failed)
18 steps (4 passed, 12 skipped, 2 failed)
0m0.119s
Well, not really! - Why that? The answer is quite simple, if you take a look to the error messages. The database is not cleared between the scenarios. This is where "Backgrounds" join the party. In Behat a background describes pre-scenario conditions. The steps defined in a background will be executed before each scenario is run.
Let's add a background, that is clearing the database according to our scenarios. We need to remove every product and category.
Background:
Given There is no "Product" in database
And There is no "Category" in database
Then we need to add this new step to our feature context:
/**
* @Given /There is no "([^"]*)" in database/
*/
public function thereIsNoRecordInDatabase($entityName)
{
$entities = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository('AcmeDemoBundle:'.$entityName)->findAll();
foreach ($entities as $eachEntity) {
$this->getEntityManager()->remove($eachEntity);
}
$this->getEntityManager()->flush();
}
As you can see here, the name of the method implementing the step definition is not required to be in relation with the step itself. However naming them meaning full, makes life easier!
Running the tests again, will now result into our expected success.
Feature: Product Category Relationship
In order to setup a valid catalog
As a developer
I need a working relationship
Background: # src/Acme/DemoBundle/Features/ProductCategoryRelation.feature:6
Given There is no "Product" in database # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::thereIsNoRecordInDatabase()
And There is no "Category" in database # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::thereIsNoRecordInDatabase()
Scenario: A category contains a product # src/Acme/DemoBundle/Features/ProductCategoryRelation.feature:10
Given I have a category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveACategory()
And I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveAProduct()
When I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iAddProductToCategory()
Then I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iShouldFindProductInCategory()
Scenario: A category contains more than 1 product # src/Acme/DemoBundle/Features/ProductCategoryRelation.feature:16
Given I have a category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveACategory()
And I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveAProduct()
And I have a product "Calvin Klein White, 5" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveAProduct()
When I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iAddProductToCategory()
And I add product "Calvin Klein White, 5" to category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iAddProductToCategory()
Then I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iShouldFindProductInCategory()
And I should find product "Calvin Klein White, 5" in category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iShouldFindProductInCategory()
Scenario: A product is part of more than 1 category # src/Acme/DemoBundle/Features/ProductCategoryRelation.feature:25
Given I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveAProduct()
And I have a category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveACategory()
And I have a category "Men" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iHaveACategory()
When I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iAddProductToCategory()
And I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Men" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iAddProductToCategory()
Then I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Underwear" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iShouldFindProductInCategory()
And I should find product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in category "Men" # Acme\DemoBundle\Features\Context\FeatureContext::iShouldFindProductInCategory()
3 scenarios (3 passed)
24 steps (24 passed)
0m0.182s
What do we have by now?
- A running Symfony2 installation with all vendors.
- A test database with our schema.
- A model containing our two entities.
- A feature describing the relationship between the two entities as behaviors of those two.
So this a lot for one commit. Let's see, what we got in a commit's perspective.
-
Behat, the BehatBundle and it's configuration and vendors
git add app/AppKernel.php deps app/autoload.php vendor/behat/ vendor/bundles/Behat/ && git commit -
database configuration, entities and feature description
git add app/config/config.yml src/Acme/ && git commit
We have Behat running, a feature describing the model relationship between our two entities and a working data storage. Now let's add a web interface to it. Testing web interfaces - as a GUI - often results in acceptance tests. This is where Mink comes in.
Like Behat, we add Mink and the MinkBundle to our dependency file "deps".
[mink]
git=https://github.com/Behat/Mink.git
target=/behat/mink
[MinkBundle]
git=https://github.com/Behat/MinkBundle.git
target=/bundles/Behat/MinkBundle
After running the ./bin/vendors install command line, we register the new namespaces in "app/autoload.php".
'Behat\Mink' => __DIR__.'/../vendor/behat/mink/src' 'Behat\MinkBundle' => __DIR__.'/../vendor/bundles',
The MinkBundle, like the BehatBundle will only be loaded in test environment in "app/AppKernel.php".
if ('test' === $this->getEnvironment()) {
$bundles[] = new Behat\BehatBundle\BehatBundle();
$bundles[] = new Behat\MinkBundle\MinkBundle();
}
Everything is in place, now a little configuration needs to be done in our test environment "app/config/config_test.yml".
mink:
base_url: http://your-virtualhost.local/app_test.php
As we are joining the web now, we need to change our feature context to be inherited from MinkContext instead of BehatContext.
class FeatureContext extends MinkContext { }
The MinkContext is inherited from the BehatContext, so all previous tests should run unchanged!
Now it's time to define our acceptance to the web application, we are going to create.
- We want a list of all categories.
- We want a list of all products in a selected category.
- In categories list there should be a link to the products list of this category.
Those are the requirements for the new "CatalogController" to be created in "src/Acme/DemoBundle/Controller/CatalogController.php".
Now, we will re-write them into a feature file describing the behaviors of the interface.
At first, let's take a look into available definitions php app/console behat -e test @AcmeDemoBundle --definitions.
There are some more now, because we are now using the MinkContext. This context provides definitions for navigating a web page.
The feature definition may look like this one in "src/Acme/DemoBundle/Features/CatalogNavigation.feature".
Feature: Navigating the categories within the catalog
In order to view the products within the catalog
As a visitor
I want to browse the categories
Background:
Given There is no "Product" in database
And There is no "Category" in database
And I have a category "Underwear"
And I have a category "Shoes"
Scenario: The categories are being listed
Given I am on "/categories"
Then I should see a "ul#category-list" element
And I should see "Shoes" in the "#category-list" element
And I should see "Underwear" in the "#category-list" element
Scenario: The categories link to their products list
Given I am on "/categories"
And I have a product "Calvin Klein Black, 5"
And I add product "Calvin Klein Black, 5" to category "Underwear"
And I have a product "Converse All Star, 8"
And I add product "Converse All Star, 8" to category "Shoes"
When I follow "Underwear"
Then I should see "Calvin Klein Black, 5" in the "#product-list li" element
And I should not see "Converse All Star, 8"
When I move backward one page
And I follow "Shoes"
Then I should see "Converse All Star, 8" in the "#product-list li" element
And I should not see "Calvin Klein Black, 5"
As you can see, Behat does not care, whether we are using "@When" step definitions in a "@Given" context. However, be careful when doing this, there might be steps that will behave differently depending on what there are meant to be!
Running these scenarios will fail, so let's make a list of things, we need to do.
Our current to do list, contains:
- We need to add routing information for our new controller.
- We need to add view templates for the visual representation of the results.
- We need to add the actions of the controller.
To make things easy, we will use annotations to add the routing information for our controller. This is useful, because you have the definition in the very same place where the action is defined.
To enable this, we add those lines to our "app/config/routing_dev.yml":
_catalog:
resource: "@AcmeDemoBundle/Controller/CatalogController.php"
type: annotation
In order to have our new routing available in the test environment, we add a file "app/config/routing_test.yml" importing the dev one.
_main:
resource: routing_dev.yml
Any new route we will add in the controller file using the annotations will now be recognized.
Our view templates using the Twig template engine will be placed under the directory "src/Acme/DemoBundle/Resources/views/Catalog/". The template file names will default to action-name.response-format.twig. As we are going to create a web page, we are using the format "html". The files would be named like "categories.html.twig" for a CatalogController::categoriesAction() method.
Let's start with the list of categories. At first, we need the data, we want to be displayed: the categories. Those will be retrieved from the EntityRepository of Doctrine.
$categories = $this->getDoctrine()
->getRepository('AcmeDemoBundle:Category')
->findAll();
Now, we need a template, to display the data at "src/Acme/DemoBundle/Resources/views/Catalog/categories.html.twig". Our scenario defines a container with the id "category-list" containing the category names.
{% extends "AcmeDemoBundle::layout.html.twig" %}
{% block title "Catalog - Category Lis" %}
{% block content_header '' %}
{% block content %}
<h1>Category List</h1>
<ul id="category-list">
{% for category in categories %}
<li>{{ category.name }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}
Those two snippets are now bound by the contract pattern. We expect a "categories" to be available in the view, containing a list of items that have a name property readable. Unfortunately the retrieved data fulfills this contract, so we can pass it to the view. Doing so completes the controller action itself. In addition we add the routing information as defined by the scenario "/categories". Now our CatalogController contains the following code:
<?php
namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Template;
class CatalogController extends Controller
{
/**
* @Route("/categories", name="_catalog_categories")
* @Template()
*/
public function categoriesAction()
{
$categories = $this->getDoctrine()
->getRepository('AcmeDemoBundle:Category')
->findAll();
return array(
'categories' => $categories,
);
}
}
Running the acceptance tests again will make some of them pass. We are getting closer!
5 scenarios (4 passed, 1 failed) 48 steps (41 passed, 6 skipped, 1 failed)
What failed, was a condition on links to the products list of a specific category. Let's add the controller and view for this listing.
The view file "src/Acme/DemoBundle/Resources/Catalog/view/categoryContent.html.twig".
{% extends "AcmeDemoBundle::layout.html.twig" %}
{% block title "Catalog - Product List" %}
{% block content_header '' %}
{% block content %}
<h1>Product List</h1>
<ul id="product-list">
{% for product in products %}
<li>{{ product.name }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}
The controller will gain a new method.
<?php
namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Template;
use Acme\DemoBundle\Entity\Category;
use \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\NotFoundHttpException;
class CatalogController extends Controller
{
/**
* @Route("/categories", name="_catalog_categories")
* @Template()
*/
public function categoriesAction()
{
$categories = $this->getDoctrine()
->getRepository('AcmeDemoBundle:Category')
->findAll();
return array(
'categories' => $categories,
);
}
/**
* @Route("/catagories/{name}", name="_catalog_category_content")
* @Template()
*/
public function categoryContentAction($name)
{
$category = $this->getDoctrine()
->getRepository('AcmeDemoBundle:Category')
->findOneByName($name);
if (!$category instanceof Category) {
throw new NotFoundHttpException(sprintf('The category "%s" could not be found.', $name));
}
return array(
'products' => $category->getProducts()
);
}
}
Now that we have the new route and its content available, we can link the categories in the category list template.
<li><a href="{{ path('_catalog_category_content', {'name': category.name}) }}">{{ category.name }}</a></li>
By issuing the test again php app/console behat -e test @AcmeDemoBundle, we now can see, we are done!
Everything a stakeholder gave us in its feature definitions is fulfilled and working correctly.
Did you ever see the web page, we created? No? - Well, take a look, you deserve it!
So let's take those changes into our repository and commit them.
-
Mink, the MinkBundle and it's configuration
git add app/AppKernel.php app/autoload.php deps src/Acme/DemoBundle/Features/Context/ app/config/config_test.yml vendor/ && git commit -
catalog with category list and category content
git add app/config/routing_dev.yml app/config/routing_test.yml src/Acme/DemoBundle/ && git commit
Ok, now we have Mink running, doing acceptance tests against .. well? The Symfony2 bundled http crawler for functional testing.
But we want to have this done in a real browser! So, let's add Zombie.js to the game. Please, view http://zombie.labnotes.org/ for installation of of Zombie.js itself - it's very easy!
Ok, you got Zombie.js installed, right? Then let's head on. We need to configure Mink to use Zombie.js in the "app/config/config_test_.yml". This will initialize the ZombieDriver for Mink, but leave the default session to the default one (symfony). If you want to have everything run using zombie, simply change the default session to "zombie".
mink:
base_url: http://your-app.dev/app_test.php
default_session: symfony
zombie: ~
If you don't have set the default session to "zombie", you can use the "mink:zombie" tag on any scenario, to run this one with the ZombieDriver.
@mink:zombie Scenario: The categories link to their products list
This is also valid for a feature definition running every scenario with Zombie.js.
@mink:zombie Feature: Navigating the categories within the catalog
Well, now that we actually visit this web page, we also need that index file at "web/app_test.php", derived from the "app_dev.php".
<?php
// this check prevents access to debug front controllers that are deployed by accident to production servers.
// feel free to remove this, extend it, or make something more sophisticated.
if (!in_array(@$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], array(
'127.0.0.1',
'::1',
))) {
header('HTTP/1.0 403 Forbidden');
exit('You are not allowed to access this file. Check '.basename(__FILE__).' for more information.');
}
require_once __DIR__.'/../app/bootstrap.php.cache';
require_once __DIR__.'/../app/AppKernel.php';
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
$kernel = new AppKernel('test', true);
$kernel->loadClassCache();
$kernel->handle(Request::createFromGlobals())->send();
Now, we have setup Zombie.js to be used by Mink