gistfile1.py

items = [{"pastel de belem" : ["Portugal", "Lisbon", "Belem"]}, 
            {"croissant" : ["Paris", "France"]}, 
            {"pizza" : ["Rome", "Italy", "Lisbon"]},
            {"bitoque" : ["Lisbon", "Portugal"]},
            {"laptop" : ["France", "Italy", Portugal"]}]
            
 result = [{"Portugal" : ["pastel de belem", "laptop", "bitoque"]},
            {"Lisbon" : ["pastel de belem", "bitoque", "pizza"]},
            {"Belem" : ["pastel de belem"]},
            {"Paris" : ["croissant"]},
            {"France" : ["croissant", "laptop"]},
            {"Rome" : ["pizza"]},
            {"Italy" : ["pizza", "laptop"]}]

def get_location_names(items_array):
    result_array = []
    aux_dict = {}
    # iterates over the items list
    for index in range(len(items_array)):
        # gets the first key from the dict since we only have one anyway
        key = next(iter(items_array[index]))
        # iterates over the location list in each object
        for index2 in range(len(items_array[index][key])):
            aux_dict.setdefault(items_array[index][key][index2], []).append(key)
    # iterate over the aux_dict to make the final list with the objects inside
    for key, v in aux_dict.iteritems():
        result_array.append({key: v})
    return result_array
    
print get_location_names(items)
# I think the result array is what you guys were expecting.
# There might be room for more performance improvement, I would need to spend some serious time with it :)