SpaceApps Challenges JSON

spaceapps_challenges.json

{
    "technology-space": {
        "links": [
            "/challenge/alert-alert/",
            "/challenge/bring-internet-deep-space-exploration/",
            "/challenge/nasa-small-business-one-stop/",
            "/challenge/phonesat-convert-your-smartphone-satellite/",
            "/challenge/pilot-satellite/",
            "/challenge/space-adventure-earth-limits-solar-system/",
            "/challenge/space-mission-roadmap/",
            "/challenge/space-wearables-fashion-designer-astronauts/",
            "/challenge/virtual-ground-station-app-global-crowdsourcing-cu/",
            "/challenge/cloudless-spots-solar-power-generation/",
            "/challenge/cubeworld/",
            "/challenge/inbound/",
            "/challenge/space-cal-nyc/",
            "/challenge/stellar-stuff/",
            "/challenge/world-energy-xplorer/"
        ],
        "challenges": [
            {
                "Alert-Alert!": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spacetech, #alertalert</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"c0a1aca5b2b4a1aca5b2b480b3b0a1a3a5a1b0b0b3a3a8a1acaca5aea7a5eeafb2a7\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Although a typical clear night sky may seem relaxing, in reality it is always restless. Various phenomena are taking place unexpectedly around the clock in\r\n    every part of the sky. News and information on these cosmic surprises are not announced in one place.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Your challenge is to create a central place for information and visualizations of these sky phenomena. Brainstorm ways to follow the event in real time\r\n    from the ground (keeping in mind that an event’s visibility could change depending on local weather and time of day). Once the event is announced, how does\r\n    the news spread around the world? How can we make these astrophysical trends and events more visible?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Participants need to be able to build a website, displaying information about the event, and the weather, and know how to fetch information from other\r\n    websites containing that info.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    1. Create a central place for information and visualizations of sky phenomena\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    2. Build an easy accessible and attractive website that displays information about a sky event, and include data about items like the weather and the\r\n    methods for retrieving related information\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    3. Provide a subscription and notification capability to inform interested parties of sky events.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/\">http://www.astronomerstelegram.org</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/gcn3_archive.html\">http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/gcn3_archive.html</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/gcn3_archive.html\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/RecentSupernovae.html\">http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/RecentSupernovae.html</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/RecentSupernovae.html\"></a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/RecentSupernovae.html\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOEvent\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOEvent</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOEvent\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://wiki.ivoa.net/\">http://wiki.ivoa.net/</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://wiki.ivoa.net/\"></a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://wiki.ivoa.net/\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Bring the Internet to Deep Space Exploration": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spacetech, #bringinternettodeepspace</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"b5d7c7dcdbd2c1ddd0dcdbc1d0c7dbd0c1c1dad1d0d0c5c6c5d4d6d0f5c6c5d4d6d0d4c5c5c6d6ddd4d9d9d0dbd2d09bdac7d2\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We are pretty spoiled here on Earth with our almost constant connectivity to and through the Internet. In space, we don’t always have that luxury. NASA has\r\n    developed a protocol suite that enables communications over links that are heavily delayed due to the speed of light limits for radio waves between\r\n    planets, or disrupted, such as with the satellite that only passes over the Mars rover every few hours. Your challenge is to create an app that can use\r\n    these protocols to focus on different types of network challenges. The apps can deal with any type of media (data packet, file, voice, video, etc.) and may\r\n    address problems that you think will crop up when trying to operate with these delayed/disconnected networks. Use your imagination.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The world’s leading space agencies have agreed that future spacecraft will communicate with Earth and among themselves using a new Solar System Internet\r\n    (SSI) based on Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) technology. The DTN protocol suite is mature, but the number of applications that have been developed\r\n    to utilize the DTN protocol suite components has been minimal.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    NASA has identified several applications that would be useful for various mission scenarios. This is your change to develop innovative application ideas\r\n    and implementations that take advantage of the DTN protocol suite.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Your applications may use Bundle Protocol (BP) from the DTN protocol suite.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · The developed applications may use either the ION or DTN2 (two independent open source implementations of DTN) APIs for all bundle transmission and\r\n    reception.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Applications may be developed to support both the ION and DTN2 implementations, including application interoperability between the implementations.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Existing gateways and applications that support http and file transfer over BP are available\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/projects/ion-dtn/\">http://sourceforge.net/projects/ion-dtn/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.dtnrg.org/wiki/Code\">http://www.dtnrg.org/wiki/Code</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/dtnresgroup/home\">https://sites.google.com/site/dtnresgroup/home</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "NASA Small Business One-Stop": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spacetech, #nasasmallbusinessonestop</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"b2dcd3c1d3c1dfd3deded0c7c1dbdcd7c1c1dddcd7c1c6ddc2f2c1c2d3d1d7d3c2c2c1d1dad3deded7dcd5d79cddc0d5\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    Develop a tool for small business users, as well as local and state business development professionals that can be a one-stop-shop for information about\r\n    NASA support for small business technology development and innovation. The tool could highlight NASA technologies and where the technologies are being\r\n    produced. You can access several available resources, such as business.usa.gov, searchable engines at the Small Business Administration’s website, and\r\n    resources at the state and local level. Design ways to drive publicly-available information toward a more user-friendly, intuitive interface that provides\r\n    fast access for small businesses.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Information about small business innovation is currently available on the websites of the Small Business Administration and the Department of Labor.\r\n    BusinessUSA provides a simple interface to provide a list of potential sources of support. Though information is readily available, it may not be easy to\r\n    access or sift through. You can help simplify the process to help high-tech companies that are looking for support for commercialization through available\r\n    Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) programs.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Develop a website portal/interface for small business users that can be a one-stop-shop for information for small business technology development and\r\n    innovation users, including data on locations of suppliers, products the suppliers provide, years when the supplier provided goods or services. Create an\r\n    intuitive interface and design, and allow the user to select the various levels of detail.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        BusinessUSA: <a href=\"http://www.business.usa.gov\">www.business.usa.gov</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Small Business Innovative Research: <a href=\"http://www.sbir.gov\">www.sbir.gov</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n<li>\r\nNASA Exploration Systems Development Partner and Supplier Companies:    <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/ESDSuppliersMap/\">http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/ESDSuppliersMap/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p></p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "PhoneSat: Convert Your Smartphone Into a Satellite  ": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spacetech, #convertyoursmartphone</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"a0c3cfced6c5d2d4d9cfd5d2d3cdc1d2d4d0c8cfcec5c9ced4cfc1d3c1d4c5ccccc9d4c5e0d3d0c1c3c5c1d0d0d3c3c8c1ccccc5cec7c58ecfd2c7\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Your challenge is three-fold: develop a USB-like dongle that converts a smart phone into a nanosatellite/CubeSat; develop a StarTracker app to convert a\r\n    smart phone camera into a star tracker; and/or create a mission analysis using a sample launch vehicle. You can create a PhoneSat by providing solar power\r\n    to charge the battery, an attitude control actuator (either a vibrator/reaction-wheel or magnetorquer), and low gain antenna for communication. Smart\r\n    phones already have gyro, so one satellite sensor is already provided. The phone’s vibrator function could also act as an actuator, but is only capable of\r\n    1 axis control so the dongle would need to provide control over the other axes. You can create a StarTracker app that will convert your smart phone camera\r\n    into a star tracker to determine in-orbit attitude pointing. For the mission analysis, you can use a launch from a space-tourism commercial launch or a\r\n    government provider and create a ConvertdSAT-like scenario.\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Existing solar charging products are available that charge a mobile phone battery. You could implement a similar scaled down version of a phone solar\r\n    charger, which also provides control actuators using a phone vibration mechanism or constructing a magnotorquer.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tHere are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· The interface to the smart phone can be the phone's data and charging connector;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· The phone can provide computational power such that the apps can implement the attitude control based on the built in sensors;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· The smart phone nanosatellite can be designed for low earth orbit and potentiall be launched from any available launch system;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· Communication can be either via the dongle and Low Gain Antenna, or using the phone's built-in antennae;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· Miniaturization is key - since all components must fit into a USB-like dongle that is the same size and mass as your smart phone; and\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· External chassis and structure can be kept to a minimum. The intent is to have no external structure apart from the phone and the dongle.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n <ul>\r\n  <a href=\"http://www.phonesat.org/\">http://www.phonesat.org/</a>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/26828/\">http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/26828/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_torquers\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_torquers</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_control\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_control</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Pilot a Satellite!": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spacetech, #pilotasatellite</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"f181989d9e8590829085949d9d988594b18281909294908181829299909d9d949f9694df9e8396\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\nWhat would it look like if you could pilot an orbiting satellite? <a name=\"OLE_LINK16\"></a>    <a name=\"OLE_LINK15\">Create a visualization tool so people have a view from a satellite as it moves in orbit or transfers orbits. </a>You could see what an\r\n    astronaut would see if she could hitch a ride on a satellite. The tool could show things like moon-hopping in the Jupiter system, landing on Mars, or\r\n    landing on Rosetta as it orbits the Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. You could even 'pilot' the probe to the comet surface. This tool could also be\r\n    designed to generate a three dimensional view from the International Space Station Cupola with the Earth moving underneath.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We know the location of satellites, planets, and other bodies in our solar system. You can use data about these orbits to create images that you would see\r\n    if you were at the location of the satellite. The images could show a 360 degree view from the satellites.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Up-to-date satellite tracking data is available for you to compute the current location of solar system objects and generate perspective images from the\r\n    viewpoint of a particular satellite.\r\n    <br>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Show the trajectory of satellites in real time;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Show 3D views of planets (Earth, Mars) from the point of view of several satellites;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Show 3D view of asteroids (when images are available); and/or\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Allow the user to adjust orbit or trajectory around bodies.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Rosetta page: <a href=\"http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta\">http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Interactive Satellite Viewer: <a href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/iSat/?group=SMD\">http://science.nasa.gov/iSat/?group=SMD</a>\r\n        <br>\r\nAQUA satellite trajectory details:        <a href=\"http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=2002-022A\">http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=2002-022A</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Orbital elements: <a href=\"http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/realdata/elements/\">http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/realdata/elements/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n<li>\r\n     NASA Horizon<em> </em><em>on-line</em> solar system data: <a href=\"http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons\">http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    ISS orbital parameters: <a href=\"http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/realdata/tracking/\">http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/realdata/tracking/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    NASA Eyes on the Solar System: <a href=\"http://eyes.nasa.gov\">http://eyes.nasa.gov</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    International Space Station Cupola Observational Module:\r\n    <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/cupola.html\">\r\n        http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/cupola.html\r\n    </a>\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p></p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Space Adventure: From the Earth To the Limits of the Solar System": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spacetech, #spaceadventure</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"a8dbd8c9cbcdc9ccdecdc6dcdddacde8dbd8c9cbcdc9d8d8dbcbc0c9c4c4cdc6cfcd86c7dacf\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    Develop an application that displays the positions of missions currently in space. These would include projects orbiting the Earth, like INTEGRAL, XMM,\r\n    Envisat, and International Space Station. They could also include missions around other planets (Mars Express, Venus Express), missions observing the Sun,\r\n    like SOHO, missions travelling to asteroids, like Rosetta, or further away from the solar system, like Voyager. Missions still on orbit but non-operational\r\n    can be included for completeness.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Currently some programs allow you to monitor which spacecraft is flying over your location at any given moment, but nothing provides a view from the\r\n    outside: a picture of Earth and all of the planets in the solar system with our spacecrafts interspersed throughout.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    A basic approach would result in developing an application that would compute the positions of these spacecraft on a given moment of time, and build a\r\n    zoomable image displaying them. An advanced result would consist on building an application to generate an animation showing the evolution of orbits of\r\n    these spacecraft on a selected lapse of time. This project could include information on missions from the various space agencies, European Space Agency,\r\n    Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, and NASA, to name a few.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Some knowledge of astronomy and orbit calculations would be helpful to programmers. Information on spacecraft orbit is necessary. Sources for all\r\n    information is publically available.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Consider developing an application that allows the user to query the positions of a range of spacecraft on a given moment of time, and build a zoomable\r\n    image displaying their orbits and positions at the requested time;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    An advanced result may consist of building an animation showing the orbits of these spacecraft on a selected lapse of time; and/or\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Any intermediate approach between these two options could be possible as well.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-line_element_set\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-line_element_set</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.amsat.org/amsat/keps/kepmodel.html%20\">http://www.amsat.org/amsat/keps/kepmodel.html </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/\">http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/\">http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://astro.unl.edu/naap/pos/animations/kepler.html\">http://astro.unl.edu/naap/pos/animations/kepler.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://eyes.nasa.gov/\">http://eyes.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Space Mission Roadmap": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spacetech, #spacemissionroadmap</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"641714050701090d17170d0b0a160b050009051424171405070105141417070c050808010a03014a0b1603\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    Design an interactive space mission roadmap based on international space agency roadmaps and mission schedules. You may include links to past and current\r\n    missions; as well as links to media where available (e.g. launch coverage etc.).<a name=\"h.gjdgxs\"></a> Create a notification app for smartphones to push\r\n    space events of interest to the user: launches, dockings on space livestreams (i.e. ESA-TV, NASA-TV, etc.). Space enthusiasts enjoy watching livestreams by\r\n    various space agencies but it is hard to keep up with the scheduling of these livestreams. The space community would welcome an app that could notifiy\r\n    individuals of upcoming events, and potentially livestream the event.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nCurrent mission data is presented in a static way or very fractionated at different sources in different formats. Combine everything in a single overview.    <a href=\"http://www.esa.int/ESA/Our_Missions\"></a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Push notification app for smartphones regarding space events of interest: launches, dockings etc. on space livestreams (ESA-TV, NASA-TV, etc.);\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Make an interactive version of the roadmap, other roadmaps and schedule of missions;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Links to past and current missions, links to media where available (e.g. launch coverage etc.); and/or\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Make it sortable by space agency, mission type, planet, etc.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.esa.int/ESA/Our_Missions\">http://www.esa.int/ESA/Our_Missions</a>\r\n        <u>\r\n            <br>\r\n        </u>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/missions/\">http://www.nasa.gov/missions/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/index_e.html\">http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/index_e.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/upcoming.html\">http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/upcoming.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/missions/schedule/index.html#.Ux5UxP2DHEE\">http://www.nasa.gov/missions/schedule/index.html - .Ux5UxP2DHEE</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Space Wearables: Fashion Designer to Astronauts": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spacetech, #spacewearables</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"f281829391978597938093909e9781b2818293919793828281919a939e9e979c9597dc9d8095\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Space is no longer accomplished by the public sector space agencies. Now, commercial space companies have expanded the market for space technology. Your\r\n    challenge is to design wearable clothing and accessories that could be useful for space travelers and/or the engineers and technicians involved with ground\r\n    processing spacecraft and rockets. If possible, build a prototype(s) (hardware or software) during the 48-hour Space Apps marathon.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Incorporate understanding of challenges of working in the hostile off-planet environment into your wearable space designs that can improve the quality and\r\n    safety of our explorers.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Wearables is a new emerging category of technology that allows a better integration of computers and the humans that use them. Wearables include things\r\n    like (but are not limited to) fitness bands and augmented reality/display glasses. Astronauts on the International Space Station and on future human\r\n    missions to other planets will be doing a lot of work that requires the use of both of their hands. They perform a multitude of tasks, from scientific\r\n    experiments and facility maintenance to exercising and general living. Ground processing spacecraft and rockets for launch currently takes place over weeks\r\n    to months. During this time, engineers and technicians are testing, fueling, integrating, monitoring and more the vehicle. This requires many of the ground\r\n    processing people to be on the go and away from their computers, but needing to observe, record, and report information back on the vehicle status.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Design the wearables with current and near term technology; and/or designate who the primary users will be and how the wearable will assist them in their\r\n    mission.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/teachingfromspace/dayinthelife/\">\r\n            http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/teachingfromspace/dayinthelife/\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/ground/\">http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/ground/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/launchservices/\">http://www.nasa.gov/launchservices/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://kscpartnerships.ksc.nasa.gov/en/What%20We%20Offer/Technical%20Capabilities\">\r\n            http://kscpartnerships.ksc.nasa.gov/en/What%20We%20Offer/Technical%20Capabilities\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://tdglobal.ksc.nasa.gov/servlet/sm.web.Fetch/KHB-1863?rhid=1000&amp;did=35173&amp;type=released&amp;rev=%24latest\">\r\n            http://tdglobal.ksc.nasa.gov/servlet/sm.web.Fetch/KHB-1863?rhid=1000&amp;did=35173&amp;type=released&amp;rev=$latest\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/launch/atlas_V_count_101.html\">http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/launch/atlas_V_count_101.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/launch/delta_IV_count_101.html\">http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/launch/delta_IV_count_101.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://kjcomps.6te.net/upload/paper1%20.pdf\">http://kjcomps.6te.net/upload/paper1%20.pdf</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?reload=true&amp;tp=&amp;arnumber=6671832\">\r\n            http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?reload=true&amp;tp=&amp;arnumber=6671832\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20020050547.pdf\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20020050547.pdf</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20040171149.pdf\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20040171149.pdf</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Virtual Ground Station App – Global Crowdsourcing of CubeSats": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spacetech, #virtualgroundstationapp</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"7b0d12090f0e1a171c09140e151f080f1a0f1214151a0b0b3b080b1a181e1a0b0b0818131a17171e151c1e5514091c\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Platform, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    An armada of CubeSats is about to be deployed from launch vehicles and the International Space Station creating a swarm of planetary sensors orbiting the\r\n    Earth. Your challenge is to develop a common antenna kit or directions and an app that can receive data transmitted from these orbiting CubeSats through\r\n    ground stations around the world to create a global data network. A virtual ground station app that tracks CubeSat locations and downloads their data. The\r\n    app should visually show the location and path of the satellite and provide data.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    A CubeSat is a type of space research nanosatellite. The base CubeSat dimension is 10x10x11 centimeters (one “Cube” or “1U”). CubeSats include volumes of\r\n    1U, 2U, 3U, and 6U and may weigh up to 1.33 kilograms per 1U Cube. CubeSats provide low-cost, high risk-tolerant payloads to conduct scientific research\r\n    and technology demonstrations in the space environment.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    After CubeSats are deployed, they will begin to orbit the Earth. After forty-five minutes in orbit the CubeSat transmitters will turn on and ground\r\n    stations will listen for beacons using UHF antennas. CubeSats are tracked using a NORAD ID, assigned by U.S. Space Command, which is used to identify all\r\n    Earth orbiting satellites and a two-line element that describes the orbits of Earth-orbiting satellites. Once a beacon is heard, universities can determine\r\n    their satellites functionality and satellites become operational and begin transmitting mission data. CubeSat mission durations and orbital life vary\r\n    depending on the orbit it is placed in, solar events and its design. A 1U CubeSat may stay in orbit for 180 days. Upon mission completion, the CubeSats\r\n    fall to Earth, burning up in the atmosphere.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Not all of the spacecraft are communicating via UHF. Some are using S-Band.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    CubeSats use a variety of frequencies within the UHF band. Most CubeSats “beacon” at a specific, pre-defined interval. Knowing how often a particular cube\r\n    beacons (every x minutes), what frequency it beacons on, and roughly where it is in the sky is important to identification/tracking.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution (may be implemented by mix of mobile apps or server apps vs peer to peer):\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Design a common UHF antenna kit to automatically track and receive data from a CubeSat\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Define data packets and publish to Amateur Radio community.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Explain how to interface software to your computer\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n       · Show a map of receiving antennas at network level\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Allow ground stations to input initial CubeSat contact\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Compare initial CubeSat contact data to NORAD ID and two line element to identify CubeSat\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Show aggregate and individual CubeSat tracks\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Show aggregate and individual CubeSat data\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Network ground stations to create a global network to download data\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Provide baseball card style statistics on individual satellites linking it to their data\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Potentially provide user information to denote who is tracking the data\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative: <a href=\"http://go.nasa.gov/CubeSat_initiative\">http://go.nasa.gov/CubeSat_initiative</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        How to build an Antenna: <a href=\"http://www.skyscan.ca/Antennas.htm\">http://www.skyscan.ca/Antennas.htm</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Definition of Two-line Element Set Coordinate System:\r\n        <a href=\"http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/realdata/sightings/SSapplications/Post/JavaSSOP/SSOP_Help/tle_def.html\">\r\n            http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/realdata/sightings/SSapplications/Post/JavaSSOP/\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\nCal Poly Ground Operator Network:        <a href=\"http://www.cubesat.org/index.php/collaborate/ground-operators\">http://www.cubesat.org/index.php/collaborate/ground-operators</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Example of Request to Help Track CubeSats:\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.southgatearc.org/news/november2013/help_track_iss_ham_radio_cubesats.htm#.UuRqz2Qo7ow\">\r\n            http://www.southgatearc.org/news/november2013/help_track_iss_ham_radio_cubesats.htm\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        The CubeSat Ground Station at the University of Arizona: <a>ftp://pirlftp.lpl.arizona.edu/cubesat/cubesat_papers/gspaper.pdf</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>CubeSat-to-Ground communication and mobile modular ground:\r\n    <a href=\"http://www.spacegrant.hawaii.edu/reports/16_SUM06-FA06/Ichikawa_Dylan_FA06.pdf\">\r\n        http://www.spacegrant.hawaii.edu/reports/16_SUM06-FA06/Ichikawa_Dylan_FA06.pdf\r\n    </a>\n</li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        Distributed Ground Station Network for CubeSat Community:\r\n        <a href=\"http://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/25151/Leffke_ZJ_T_2014.pdf?sequence=1\">\r\n            http://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/25151/Leffke_ZJ_T_2014.pdf\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong><u> </u></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>NORAD ID:</strong>\r\n    USSPACECOM object number assigned to all Earth orbiting satellites in order of identification.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nTwo-line Element: a data format used to convey sets of orbital elements that describe the orbits of Earth-orbiting satellites. A computer program called a    <em>model</em> can use the TLE to compute the position of a satellite at a particular time.\r\n</p>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Cloudless Spots for Solar Power Generation ": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"//player.vimeo.com/video/65123199\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        We aim to provide a web service to find the best spots where to install solar panels. How is it possible? The idea here is simple: Finding areas with\r\n        fewer clouds! Our system detects areas with less cloud by analyzing historical satellite data over the 2001-2012 period, i.e., the MODIS Cloud Mask\r\n        data, and by evaluating expected solar power generation. Spots with the best sun exposition in the past can then be used to model return on investment\r\n        and to guide decisions on where to put the panels.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nThis project is solving the    <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/renewable-energy-explorer\"><strong>Renewable Energy Explorer</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Under the world population is increasing and the energy resource is limited in nowadays. Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident in 2011, which made us to\r\n    consider more effective renewal energy resources. Solar power is one of essential sustainable energy resources.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Improving the performance of solar panels is important, on the other hand receiving sunlight stable is the condition for solar power generation. Hence, a\r\n    cloud is the greatest obstacle. Incidentally, long term cloud distribution is a sort of vague.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    To decide a place to install solar panels, we should understand not only quantity of solar radiation but also could condition. Then, we counted a cloud\r\n    covered day at a place in 12 years using <a href=\"http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/MOD35_L2/\">cloud mask data of MODIS</a>, and indicated a cloud frequency\r\n    rate. <a href=\"http://solar-energy.no32.tk/map.html\">Cloud frequency map in our system</a> visually represents the calculated cloud frequency ratio so as\r\n    to ease the search for cloudless spots. <a href=\"http://solar-energy.no32.tk/select_location.html\">Users can also simulate</a> the sun exposure where they\r\n    are and estimate the electricity they can generate to recover the installation cost.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We downloaded the MODIS Cloud Mask data product from January 2001 to December 2012, and extracted the cloud quality flag. The \"cloudy\" of cloud quality\r\n    flag and the \"uncertain clear\" were scored into zero, and the \"probably clear\" and the \"confident clear\" were scored into 1. The score was accumulated in\r\n    each year; the yearly average was calculated. Then subtract 12 years average from 1.0 was indicated as indicated as the cloud frequency rate. This\r\n    calculation was embarrassing due to lack of data on some places and took a long term processing due to huge data volume.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The cloud frequency rate is useful to decide a place to install solar panels. The Pacific Ocean side area in Japan is better than the Japan sea side area,\r\n    and some places have been confirmed as suitable area. For example, The cloud frequency at Apple Store in Ginza and Tokyo Disney was compared. Then, the\r\n    place at Tokyo Disney Land (68.2%) was better than at Apple Store Ginza (61.2%). Also, the cloud frequency showed the difference on the sea.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    In addition, it is possible to simulate cost collection period of solar panels based on the cloud frequency. A low cloud frequency place indicates the\r\n    shorter collection period than the higher place. This collection period simulation estimates the electric-generating capacity by solar panel, which is\r\n    based on cloud frequency difference and solar panels subsidies in Japan.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project just started for around Japan. We will be able to process for other area such as Asia reason, or whole the world depends on enough\r\n    circumstances for work. It is expected that continuous and further more satellite observation offers more confidence information of natural environment in the world.\r\n</p>\r\n<br><img style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden;\" data-cfsrc=\"http://sphotos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/934798_552130204807786_1133548788_n.jpg\"><noscript><img src=\"http://sphotos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/934798_552130204807786_1133548788_n.jpg\"></noscript>\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/\">Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL:\r\n        <a href=\"https://github.com/International-Space-Apps-Challenge-Tokyo/WhereToPutSolarPanels\">\r\n            https://github.com/International-Space-Apps-Challenge-Tokyo/WhereToPutSolarPanels\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Website (demonstration) - <a href=\"http://solar-energy.no32.tk/\">http://solar-energy.no32.tk/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Dataset we use: MODIS Cloud Mask - <a href=\"http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/MOD35_L2/\">http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/MOD35_L2/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    Analysis result data (CSV) of the cloud frequency -\r\n    <a href=\"https://github.com/International-Space-Apps-Challenge-Tokyo/WhereToPutSolarPanels/blob/master/mongo/japan_score_average_of_10_year.csv.zip\">\r\n        https://github.com/International-Space-Apps-Challenge-Tokyo/WhereToPutSolarPanels/blob/master/mongo/japan_score_average_of_10_year.csv.zip\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        Discussion (in Japanese) - <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/435555353200281/\">https://www.facebook.com/groups/435555353200281/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    An example image of the cloud frequency -\r\n    <a href=\"http://sphotos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/934798_552130204807786_1133548788_n.jpg\">\r\n        http://sphotos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/934798_552130204807786_1133548788_n.jpg\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "CubeWorld": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Platform, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/QRRSkXs2P2c?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        CubeWorld is a community where users and universities can develop their own CubeSat missions by proposing them and receiving feedback from other\r\n        enthusiasts. They will find all the information they need to develop a CubeSat mission, and the community will encourage to create realistic\r\n        trajectories to reach their targets. The community uses the Ames Research Center's Trajectory Browser to develop a possible mission. It has been\r\n        developed by students for people with all range of knowledge.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nThis project is solving the    <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/cubesats-for-asteroid-exploration\"><strong>CubeSats for Asteroid Exploration</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The Space, the greatest mystery of mankind. but in 1999, something was up to change. That year the CubeSat was born.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    CubeSats are small satellites that typically cost under 50,000 dollars. Many enthusiasts were able to send a mission, but there was not a place to propose\r\n    your own projects, until now.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We have developed a community, where you can find information about these tiny satellites, the missions already done, the future workshops, and a more\r\n    accessible trajectory designer, and the most important, a <strong>community</strong>. We even have an adictive game.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here you have the opportunity to propose all the missions you would like to do, such as getting information about planets, or tracking asteroids to stop\r\n    them in time.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Let´s start your space adventure!\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license\">GNU General Public License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/SACBilbao13/CubeWorld\">https://github.com/SACBilbao13/CubeWorld</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Demo web page - <a href=\"http://www.cubeworld.co/\">http://www.cubeworld.co/</a>\r\n</p>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Inbound": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"18757d5875796c6c7b77767f6a776e7d367b7775\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"//player.vimeo.com/video/64515087\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        Inbound displays, in an abstract manner, the frequency Earth is bombarded by CMEs. Minimalist and modern, Inbound mounts to any wall to remind people\r\n        that solar activity has a constant and tangible impact on our planet. Inbound shows colored sections at either end of a board, one red (the Sun) and\r\n        one blue (Earth). When a CME is detected by the STEREO or LASCO satellites we determine its travel time and light the white LEDs on the board to show\r\n        the CME as it rolls closer to Earth.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/solar-flare\"><strong>Solar Flare</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Inbound displays, in an abstract manner, the frequency Earth is bombarded by coronal mass ejections emanating from the Sun. Minimalist and modern, the\r\n    display mounts to any wall to remind and inform people that solar activity has a constant and tangible impact on our planet.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    While discussing the possible challenges our team wanted to tackle, we quickly realized that no one in the group was aware that a CME had just passed by\r\n    Earth days earlier. Our aim was to help make people more aware by building a continuously-on piece of wall art that illustrated the large number of CMEs\r\n    that interact with our little corner of space.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Inbound shows two colored sections at either end of a long board, one red to represent the Sun, and the other blue to represent Earth. Whenever a partial\r\n    or full-halo CME is detected by either the STEREO or LASCO satellites we determine the lift-off time and velocity at which it is traveling; we then light\r\n    up the white LEDs on the board, in progression, to show the CME as it rolls closer to Earth.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Please take a few moments to watch our project video below for a demonstration and full explanation on how we put this project together. We've also\r\n    included all of the source code for both the web service and Arduino at the GitHub link below.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0\">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/mcongrove/Inbound/\">https://github.com/mcongrove/Inbound/</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Space Cal NYC": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"9bf1ebe9f4f9fee9efe8ababdbfcf6faf2f7b5f8f4f6\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/-ACQqKDbQMQ?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        We make it simple to find out what our space-based telescopes are observing and when. SpaceCalNYC plots each observation against a beautiful image of\r\n        our galaxy, lets visitors click targets to get additional details, and links to images when available. It provides a calendar-style listing of\r\n        observations and the data can be filtered by date, observed object, or observing telescope. The database is updated daily. Finally, if text files are\r\n        your thing it lets you export observations as plain text.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/my-space-cal\"><strong>My Space Cal</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    A full featured replacement for <a href=\"http://myspacecal.com/\">myspacecal.com</a> with better visualization of data and easier data export for\r\nscientists.
Check out our <a href=\"http://spacecalnyc.com/\">Website</a> at http://spacecalnyc.com/ Follow us on    <a href=\"https://twitter.com/spacecalnyc\">Twitter</a> at <a href=\"https://twitter.com/spacecalnyc\">@spacecalnyc</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\">MIT License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/rosscooperman/betterspacecal\">https://github.com/rosscooperman/betterspacecal</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Live Site - <a href=\"http://spacecalnyc.com/\">http://spacecalnyc.com/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Amazon EC2 - <a href=\"http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/\">http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Amazon Route 53 - <a href=\"http://aws.amazon.com/route53/\">http://aws.amazon.com/route53/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        MongoDB - <a href=\"http://www.mongodb.org/\">http://www.mongodb.org/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Ruby on Rails - <a href=\"http://rubyonrails.org/\">http://rubyonrails.org/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Python - <a href=\"http://python.org/\">http://python.org/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    D3 - <a href=\"http://d3js.org/\">http://d3js.org/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    Twitter API - <a href=\"https://dev.twitter.com/\">https://dev.twitter.com/</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Stellar Stuff": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/k46wRGLuTf0?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        Stellar Stuff is an interactive digital tool that takes data from NASA's spinoffs database and turns it into an educational resource for kids. The\r\n        tablet application provides an interactive learning experience through gamification, allowing kids to gain a better understanding of NASA's impact on\r\n        their lives. Kids can test their knowledge with a quiz and earn badges to share on social media sites.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nThis project is solving the    <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/space-station-benefits-to-humanity\"><strong>Space Station Benefits to Humanity</strong></a>\r\n    challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<br><img style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden;\" data-cfsrc=\"http://wvlngth.com/Sol/stellar.jpg\"><noscript><img src=\"http://wvlngth.com/Sol/stellar.jpg\"></noscript>\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Our Mission</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The mission of this application is to educate youth - particularly middle school-aged kids - in an interactive and fun way about the products that have\r\n    benefitted from NASA's spinoff technology.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Access To The App</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    It's difficult to distribute apps before they are publicly available on the App Store. However, we have developed a simple way for judges to access the app\r\n    in advance. To do so, please download \"Fusebox\" from the Apple App Store (see resources below for download link) and then email <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"630e140a0f100c0d230a0d04060d0c0f0c041a4d000c0e\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script> and\r\n    we will provide login to access the app.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>In The News</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Stellar Stuff has been featured in <a href=\"http://www.kansascity.com/2013/04/21/4195203/kc-coders-compete-to-show-off.html\">The Kansas City Star</a> and\r\n    on <a href=\"http://s3.amazonaws.com/TVEyesMediaCenter/UserContent/195601/1835681.2897/KSHB_04-22-2013_05.10.55.mp4\">KSHB 41</a>.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Website</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Stellar Stuff is available at <a href=\"http://nasastellarstuff.com/\">NASAStellarStuff.com</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\">MIT License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/ingenology/stellarstuff\">https://github.com/ingenology/stellarstuff</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Stellar Stuff (Main Website) - <a href=\"http://www.nasastellarstuff.com/\">http://www.nasastellarstuff.com/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Stellar Stuff (Project Feature) -\r\n        <a href=\"http://ingenology.tumblr.com/post/48643182217/project-feature-stellar-stuff\">\r\n            http://ingenology.tumblr.com/post/48643182217/project-feature-stellar-stuff\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    App Code (Github<strong>)</strong> - <a href=\"https://github.com/ingenology/stellarstuff\">https://github.com/ingenology/stellarstuff</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "World Energy Xplorer": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/rDCT_HrxRY8?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        We are aware of the importance of gathering renewable energy data in one map, one web application and one place, therefore since this feature was not\r\n        implemented before in any website, we decided to take the challenge and combine, solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy into one single user\r\n        friendly map.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nThis project is solving the    <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/renewable-energy-explorer\"><strong>Renewable Energy Explorer</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nAppart from GitHub, you can access our project from the following url to see a demonstration:    <a href=\"http://energy.isubscribe.ma\">http://energy.isubscribe.ma</a>We are aware of the importance of gathering renewable energy data in one map, one web\r\n    application and one place, therefore since this feature was not implemented before in any website, we decided to take the challenge and combine, solar\r\n    energy, wind energy and geothermal energy into one single user friendly map.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Solar Energy : We have in our database an average of 20 years of Nasa solar energy data, we use it to generate overlays that are shown in a very user\r\n    friendly way the distribution of the solar energy data all arround the world..\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Wind Energy : We have in our database an average of 10 years of Nasa Wind energy data, that we also use to generate overlays for every point arround the\r\n    globe to show the different wind energy potential distribution.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Geothermal energy : For Geothermal data, we gathered it from many sources that were all regrouped by the Switzerland Institude of technology, so we also\r\n    generated from it different overlays for USA , CANADA , AND USA Precisely, and another one for all the world.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/CDDL-1.0\">Common Development and Distribution License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/faouzij/worldenergyXplorer\">https://github.com/faouzij/worldenergyXplorer</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            }
        ]
    },
    "human-space-flight": {
        "links": [
            "/challenge/growing-food-martian-table-integrating-deployable-/",
            "/challenge/solar-system-habitats/",
            "/challenge/spacet-handy-smartphone-and-wearable-technology-sp/",
            "/challenge/aurora-localization-starfields/",
            "/challenge/earthkam-explorer/",
            "/challenge/iss-base-station/",
            "/challenge/space-cadets/",
            "/challenge/spaceveggies/",
            "/challenge/ispot-it/"
        ],
        "challenges": [
            {
                "Growing Food for a Martian Table": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spaceflight, #growfoodmartian</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"deb9acb1a9b7b0b9b8b1b1bab8b1acbfb3bfacaab7bfb0aabfbcb2bb9eadaebfbdbbbfaeaeadbdb6bfb2b2bbb0b9bbf0b1acb9\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Growing Food for a Martian Table – Integrating a Deployable Greenhouse with a Human Habitat</strong></p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Develop a conceptual design of a deployable greenhouse that could be used for pre-deployment on a space mission to the Moon or Mars. Consider what kind of\r\n    habitat the greenhouse will be supporting and how it will interface with the habitat.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    For prolonged human missions to the Moon or Mars, non-perishable food supplies may be supplemented by regenerative life support systems, such as\r\n    greenhouses, that produce food on the planet surface. These structures will be delivered, deployed, operated, and maintained in extreme environments. In\r\n    addition, the presence of growing plants can have a positive psychological impact on explorers far from home.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The design(s) could specify for which location the greenhouse is intended (e.g., Mars, the Moon), and include how the greenhouse would interface with the\r\n    habitat to which it belongs, even if the rest of the habitat arrives after it. A concept of the habitat could be included (size, number of people\r\n    supporting, lifetime, how it will be organized, intended mission, etc.); design of the rest of the habitat beyond the greenhouse and its interface to the\r\n    habitat is not necessary.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Desirable features of the greenhouse could include: small, stowage volume and mass; deployable upon landing; minimal resources for operations; run at low\r\n    pressure (e.g., ¼ atmosphere to reduce leakage and structural requirements); pre-planted media or growing system; “priming” volume of water and required\r\n    gases; recycle the transpired water back to the roots (i.e., close the water loop); thermal control system, including internal air recirculation; harvest\r\n    and store oxygen generated from plants; and use in-situ resources (water, atmosphere, etc).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Ideas to consider for greenhouse design: inflatable, robotic harvesting of the crops; one crop cycle per greenhouse and then shutting down; drying crops in\r\n    place (e.g., wheat, soybean, or potatoes); replanting capabilities (i.e. more than one crop); retrieving water and/or oxygen in system prior to shut down;\r\n    supplying carbon dioxide as plants grow; opening thermal covers in day and closing the covers at night (see Mars Greenhouse Data presentation); generating\r\n    photovoltaic power capable of running control systems and/or opening and closing covers; viable as a kit for deployment in arid regions on Earth; if the\r\n    habitat occupants can visit the greenhouse and harvest the food themselves; and functions the greenhouse could serve the habitat beyond food/oxygen\r\n    generation and water purification. Consideration if designing for Mars: CO2 could be used as a pressurizing gas to offset leakage.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/biomed/marsdome/%20\">KSC Mars Greenhouse website</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://data.spaceappschallenge.org/mars-green-house-information.pdf\">Mars Greenhouse Data presentation</a>\r\n        <u></u>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://data.spaceappschallenge.org/ICES.pdf\">Inflatable Transparent Structures for Mars Greenhouse Applications</a>\r\n        <u></u>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://data.spaceappschallenge.org/fwsomearticleasresourcefordeployablegreenhousechal.zip\">Articles Regarding Deployable Greenhouses</a>\r\n        <u></u>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Space Apps 2013 Challenge: <a href=\"http://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/deployable-greenhouse/\">Deployable Greenhouse</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Solar System Habitats": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spaceflight, #solarsyshabitats</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"14677b787566676d67607179677c75767d6075606754676475777175646467777c757878717a73713a7b6673\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n   \r\n        Create an app that provides real-time notification when the rocky planets and moons of the solar system have surface temperatures that are possible for\r\n        human habitation\r\n    \r\n    .\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Some planets and moons have temperatures that are within a habitable range for a limited time at points of their orbit. Similarly, there are times in an\r\n    orbit when a section of a planet or moon rotates from facing away from the sun to facing towards the sun or Mercury, the Moon, and Mars. This capability\r\n    could indicate the possibilities out in the solar system where humans can survive on solid ground.\r\n    <br>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    A number of missions are dedicated to orbiting certain planets in the solar system with such a frequency that enables the detection of changes in surface\r\n    temperature via remote sensing. In addition, spectrometers within the visible spectral range can be used to determine the spectral lines where absorption\r\n    or the transmissivity in the planetary atmosphere maximizes and determine the color of the sky one could see. Ice cover can be detected by imagery. A\r\n    measure for ultraviolet protection is Ozone detection.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Details</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · The app can allow users to select a temperature range, and include the set of objects in our solar system that have the potential for being within the\r\n    selected temperature range.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · The app can have the capability to send users a real-time notification of when a region on one of these bodies demonstrates temperatures within the\r\n    target range.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · The app can provide search results about other parameters that are decoupled from the temperature criteria, such as sky color, longest night in the solar\r\n    system, ice cover, clouds, UV protection – which could enable gaseous planets to be included in the results.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Developers can use data from dedicated missions such as Mars Express and rovers, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), Venus Express, and Lunar Atmosphere\r\n    and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ladee/main/#.Uupo4NJ5OSp\">http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ladee/main/#.Uupo4NJ5OSp </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://sci.esa.int/mars-express/\">http://sci.esa.int/mars-express/ </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/mission/\">http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/mission/ </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://sci.esa.int/venus-express/\">http://sci.esa.int/venus-express/ </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/spacecraft/index.html#.UuppwdJ5OSo\">\r\n            http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/spacecraft/index.html#.UuppwdJ5 OSo\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "SpaceT": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #spaceflight, #spacet</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"fa898a9b999f8eba898a9b999f9b8a8a8999929b96969f949d9fd495889d\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n<strong>SpaceT: The Handy Smartphone and Wearable Technology For Space Faring Tourists</strong></p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Space tourism is building momentum, and soon-to-be-tourists will want to take their smart technology into space to capture the experiences of their space\r\nflight. <a name=\"OLE_LINK2\"></a>    <a name=\"OLE_LINK1\">Develop an app to take advantage of the latest generation of wearable smart technology a traveler-of-the-future might wear.</a> Think\r\n    about categories like memories, navigation, communication, medical, emergency, or fun and games. Bundle together all of the possible applications a space\r\n    traveler might require for a trip to space.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Smart phones are everywhere. Space travelers will want to take their smart technology into space with them to capture the experiences and memories of their\r\n    space flight. This provides an opportunity for dedicated apps to support space travelers in a wearable form. Consider the case where a problem message\r\n    needs to be sent to a command or logistics center. The Emergency feature of the app can provide essential information to the tourist for certain\r\n    situations.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The app could have an offline mode for when the user is in a remote location…or space. In the offline mode, the app could provide full access to all of its\r\n    functions. All data recorded and captured during the flight could be recorded using the smart phone’s internal memory. The phone could be able to access\r\n    the vehicle’s on-board sensors via an Ethernet connection. For the purposes of this Challenge, it can be considered that a wifi connection could be\r\n    available. Suggested functions include: attitude detections using the phone’s built in gyro function, ‘where-am-I’ feature (navigation), space debris\r\n    alerts, user manuals, orbital position tagging of photos, ‘which-way-is-down’ feature for zero-gee situations. Interface with other wearable smart\r\n    technology for measurements of body functions, and to provide alerts and notifications without needing to physically view the smartphone screen.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n    <a name=\"h.30j0zll\"></a>\r\n    <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/wearable_tech.html\">http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/wearable_tech.html</a>\r\n</li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M85C7BsEP_g\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M85C7BsEP_g</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/exoskeleton.html\">\r\n            http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/exoskeleton.html\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/home/index.html\">http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/home/index.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/main/index.html#.Ux_Ngv2DHEE\">http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/main/index.html#.Ux_Ngv2DHEE</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oce/appel/ask/issues/45/45s_building_future_spacesuit.html\">\r\n            http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oce/appel/ask/issues/45/45s_building_future_spacesuit.html\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\n<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearable_technology\">\r\n        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearable_technology</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Aurora Localization via Starfields": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/qcFgz5k8FPg?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        We give a method for localizing aurora in images taken from the ISS, to a location over the earth. First we use k-means image segmentation to extract\r\n        the sky, aurora, and earth. We then create star trails from the brightest stars, and calculate their lengths. This gives us star velocities, from this\r\n        we get the angle of the camera using least-squares over expected star velocities. With the angle of the camera and the segmented aurora, we can project\r\n        the approximate aurora location onto a map.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/aligning-the-stars\"><strong>Aligning the Stars</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Method Steps</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Using images of the aurora taken from the ISS, we find location of the aurora over the Earth, by the following method:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Segment (using k-means) to get the ground, sky, and aurora.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Filter resulting images to only get the brightest stars, and generate star-trail images from these.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Extract the length and direction of the star trails.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Use the length of the star-trails to get star velocity, and find the direction the camera on the ISS is pointing by a least-squares search (see paper).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Find where on the earth the aurora is above, by using inverse projections to find the approximate distance to the aurora from the ISS, and then\r\n    projecting them back onto a map.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>More Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    See our attached paper for more details on each step, and the video for a short overview with figures.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n   <strong> Running the code</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nSee the README file on github for information on running the code (requires MATLAB and the MATLAB mapping and image processing tool boxes, and M_MAP:    <a href=\"http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/private/\">http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/private/</a>).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license\">GNU General Public License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/laculp/SpaceApps2013\">https://github.com/laculp/SpaceApps2013</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\n<li>\r\n    Direct link to the \"North Dakota to Central Quebec*\" data set, used by example code:\r\n    <a href=\"http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Videos/CrewEarthObservationsVideos/dakotaquebec_iss_20120126/dakotaquebec_iss_20120126HighRes.zip\">\r\n        http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Videos/CrewEarthObservationsVideos/dakotaquebec_iss_20120126/dakotaquebec_iss_20120126HighRes.zip\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\nShort paper explaining the approach: <a href=\"https://www.dropbox.com/sh/331ioong01s28ga/BDUIkNZ2qZ\">https://www.dropbox.com/sh/331ioong01s28ga/BDUIkNZ2qZ</a>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "EarthKAM Explorer": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/L378jOZM8LA?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        EarthKAM Explorer provides web-based 3D exploration of satellite images taken by middle school students through the ISS EarthKAM program. It is an\r\n        accessible, compelling, and social experience. EarthKAM Explorer supports the Leap Motion controller for hand-gesture input, and is written in\r\n        JavaScript using Cesium, an open-source WebGL virtual globe and map, so it runs in a browser without a plugin. \r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/earth-from-space\"><strong>Earth From Space</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Videos</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L378jOZM8LA\">Video for Global Judging</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zICMX6xlOD0\">Our presentation in Philadelphia</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    \r\n</ul>\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0\">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\nSource Code/Project URL:        <a href=\"https://github.com/AnalyticalGraphicsInc/EarthKAMExplorer\">https://github.com/AnalyticalGraphicsInc/EarthKAMExplorer</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Cesium - open-source WebGL virtual globe and map: <a href=\"http://cesium.agi.com/\">http://cesium.agi.com/</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n· EarthKAM Explorer mention in a Technical.ly Philly article:    <a href=\"http://technical.ly/philly/2013/04/23/nasa-space-apps-philadelphia/\">http://technical.ly/philly/2013/04/23/nasa-space-apps-philadelphia/</a>\r\n</p>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "ISS Base Station": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Hardware, Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/oL73CmtaQqo?feature=player_detailpage\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        This project consists of two components: hardware and software. The hardware is an Arduino-based mechanical arm that points to the location of the ISS\r\n        in the sky when it comes overhead. The software is an iOS app which places an icon over a map to mark the ISS's current location, and an augmented\r\n        reality feature which allows the user to see a marker through their camera showing where the station is in the sky. Users can then tweet photos they\r\n        take of the station.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/spot-the-station\"><strong>Spot the Station</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The ISS Base Station is a hardware-software co-design project both expanding the Spot The Station web app and allowing for a physical manifestation of its\r\n    data. The software side of the project consists of a simple, Santa Tracker-style web app which tracks the position of the ISS in real time over a map of\r\n    the world, and connects to an augmented-reality iOS app which allows the user to track the station in the sky. The hardware side consists of a physical\r\n    device which receives data from the app and points at the current location of the space station, and lights up when the station is within a user-defined\r\n    area. Our code can be found at https://github.com/dgiovann/ISS_BASE_STATION_HARDWARE https://github.com/dgiovann/ISS_BASE_STATION_SOFTWARE and\r\n    https://github.com/DanGe42/iss-leaflet\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    If you'd like to get involved, drop us an email at <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"7a130909181b091f090e1b0e1315143a1d171b131654191517\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\">MIT License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/dgiovann/ISS_BASE_STATION\">https://github.com/dgiovann/ISS_BASE_STATION</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Hardware Code Repository: <a href=\"https://github.com/dgiovann/ISS_BASE_STATION_HARDWARE\">https://github.com/dgiovann/ISS_BASE_STATION_HARDWARE</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        App Code Repository: <a href=\"https://github.com/dgiovann/ISS_BASE_STATION_SOFTWARE\">https://github.com/dgiovann/ISS_BASE_STATION_SOFTWARE</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Web App Code Repository: <a href=\"https://github.com/DanGe42/iss-leaflet\">https://github.com/DanGe42/iss-leaflet</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n   Presentation Demo: <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znYH_6xRxg0\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znYH_6xRxg0</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Space Cadets": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/RiNmXJw4paE?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        Ideasphere is the concept of utilizing crowd sourcing &amp; 3D Printing to improve the experience of space travel. This concept provides a solution for\r\n        the unknown and unpredictable issues that may arise during space exploration. Our response presents an example of a technical design and is on the\r\n        potential for a more human-centred experience. Connecting people on earth and in space through Ideasphere.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/esa-3d-printing-contest\"><strong>3D Printing Contest</strong></a>\r\n    challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    After immediately recognizing that 3D printing could be applied to making custom parts for space missions and solving technical issues, we began trying to\r\n    design a solution to one of these problems. We then recognised the nature of 3D printing makes it an ideal means of solving the unforeseeable. This and our\r\n    design background caused us to approach this challenge from a new angle. Imagine if 3D printers were available during the Apollo 13 mission. Unforeseen\r\n    problems could be solved on Earth and resolved in space without delay. This application of 3D printing is just the beginning as 3D printing could also\r\n    serve as a means of connecting all of humanity with those in space. Our solution is Ideasphere, a website that allows people from around the globe to\r\n    contribute their ideas to assist in solving problems on space missions. These problems could be technical (a Mars rover gets stuck and requiring a new\r\n    wheel) or human centred (Astronauts requiring a new way of catching fingernail clippings). Briefs would be uploaded to Ideasphere by mission control, and\r\n    then 3D printable solutions would be crowd sourced from around the globe.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The example we demonstrated is a Mars rover getting stuck and requiring a different wheel more suited to its unexpected terrain. We designed and modelled a\r\n    wheel in CAD and 3D printed it to demonstrate how global crowd sourcing could assist in solving a problem. Imagine how space agencies could benefit from\r\n    the unexpected knowledge and different ways of thinking available worldwide.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project need not only be applied to technical problems, rather the Ideasphere website could be used in schools to inspire children and reignite the\r\n    passion humanity once had for space travel. Classes could design something for an astronaut; the design would then be printed in space by the astronaut,\r\n    connecting these children to space. Ideasphere could also connect astronauts to their families. Children could send 3D scans/models of things they had made\r\n    and send them to space to be printed. These examples demonstrate how 3D printing can remove the distance barrier of space exploration.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/\">Creative Commons BY 3.0</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://mega.co.nz/#F!zJATARIJ!ZC88eFnxRaojsf5Gceyy-g\">https://mega.co.nz/#F!zJATARIJ!ZC88eFnxRaojsf5Gceyy-g</a>\r\n    </li>\n<br>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Ustream:\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.ustream.tv/channel/http-www-ustream-tv-manage-show-13860841\">\r\n            http://www.ustream.tv/channel/http-www-ustream-tv-manage-show-13860841\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Our presentation:\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.kiwispace.org.nz/plugins/servlet/mobile#content/view/33980600\">\r\n            http://www.kiwispace.org.nz/plugins/servlet/mobile#content/view/33980600\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Process Photo's: <a href=\"http://imgur.com/a/8E3vU#0\">http://imgur.com/a/8E3vU#0</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    Cad Renders of Example solution: <a href=\"http://imgur.com/a/eJtzu#2\">http://imgur.com/a/eJtzu#2</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Spaceveggies": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"64080511160d4a0a0111120b0a010a240d0f0d4a020d\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"//player.vimeo.com/video/65148284\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        We believe the brave astronauts living on Mars deserve and need more than a tin can for their habitat. So we designed a greenhouse, or actually a\r\n        garden, for them. In addition to working as a life-support system, our design will provide scenery, variety in food and rewarding work and therefore, a\r\n        decent environment from mental perspective as well. It is scalable, self-deploying, self operating and later on modifiable to better suit being a part\r\n        of the astronauts' living environment.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/deployable-greenhouse\"><strong>Deployable Greenhouse</strong></a>\r\n    challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>The Concept</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The core idea of concept is to build two types of space:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    1) Well protected shelter where humans can live and work most of the time and 2) Openly connected garden-like greenhouses providing enough shelter from\r\n    radiation to allow short refreshing nature moments.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    In addition to working as a life-support system, our design will provide scenery, variety in food and rewarding work and therefore, a decent environment\r\n    from mental perspective as well The solutions described below make it deployable, sustainable, flexible and expandable.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Creative aspects:</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We used a combination of two types of shelter (\"hard\" &amp; \"soft\") to provide sturdy shelter and at the same time the possibility to enjoy a more \"open\"\r\n    environment. We utilized material from the planet surface to provide shelter against radiation and small meteors i.e. sand blown into cavities in the outer\r\n    shells of \"hard\" shelters. Reaction capabilities of the structure will allow it to be open in a normal situation but isolate damaged areas.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The modular structure will also allow expansion of the colony when more inhabitants arrive. Soft shelters could possibly be upgraded to hard ones by\r\n    filling their top layers with sand thus allowing flexibiilty.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Space Veggies in the press</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.gizmag.com/international-space-apps-challenge/27397/\">Gizmag</a>\r\n        : \"A particular standout, the Space Veggies project, created a design which would conserve weight during space travel by using Mars sand to cover and\r\n        protect the greenhouse. Its video is also worth a watch.\"\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://hackforchange.org/challenge/we-love-data\">National Day of Civic Hacking / We Love Data Challenge</a>\r\n        : \"An inspirational example\"\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/04/201343094222643764.html\">Al Jazeera / Opinion text by Rayna Stamboliyska</a>\r\n        : \"...nor were we daring enough to grow space veggies.\"\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Main technical solutions</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The whole <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzZSz5ppBpjOMUo1UU1DM29HSkU/edit?usp=sharing\">structure</a> is based on the same type of inflatable\r\nshell. To provide more shelter, sand can be blown into and on top selected parts of the structure to provide heavy    <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzZSz5ppBpjOeVJmRlF2MGR0Zmc/edit?usp=sharing\">protection against radiation</a> and small meteors. Smart doors\r\n    combined with a modular structure will allow it to be open in a normal situation but isolate damaged areas.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The main <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwUMXszIBEDWeFpVSWxwWTdwVmc/edit?usp=sharing\">energy</a> source is a SAIRS unit (a nuclear reactor\r\n    capable of producing electricity) with photovoltaics, thermal generators and possibly wind as an additional power source.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzZSz5ppBpjORHMzZ2huZWtqQm8/edit?usp=sharing\">Growing the plants</a>\r\n    is done with aeroponics and later, organic soil. Gases are collected from the martian atmosphere if necessary. Light supply is ensured with artificial\r\n    lighting supplementing natural light.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The greenhouse is used as the main life-support system. It’s designed to produce enough of food, oxygen and clean water and at the same time improve the\r\n    psychological sustainability of the colony.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Scalability is achieved through modular structure. This allows expansion of the colony when more inhabitants arrive.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Deployability arises from a combination of smart packaging, utilization of on-site resources, robotics, nuclear energy and a supply of \"kickstart\r\n    resources\" (nutrients, gases, water). One of the main contributing ideas is the inflatable structure with a self-organizing roof pattern to enable cost\r\n    effective radiation shielding with Mars soil collected on site with the help of wind.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Other solutions: The different modules are connected openly so no separate atmosphere controls are required. The modules can be isolated with airtight\r\n    doors reactive to alarms if damaged to protect rest of the habitat.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Utilization of on-site resources:</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Sunlight: used for lighting, photovoltaics and photosynthesis\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Sand: used for protection and possibly for anchoring the structure if necessary\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Wind: used to collect sand, possibly wind power for niche applications\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Pressure difference: used to support the structure\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Temperature difference: thermal electricity for niche applications\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Facilities required by the biomass cycle:</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Greenhouse units\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    Drying facilities for food and possibly sludge\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        Plant shredder\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Composting facility\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    Water purification facility\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Equipment required in addition to minimum life support:</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Robotic arms\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Sand blower\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    SAIRS unit &amp; solar panels for energy\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        Air blowers\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n Atmosphere measurements and control units\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    Water impurity detection equipment\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n<p> <br>\r\n    <strong>Possible upgrades:</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Using plant-based materials for building (wood) and solidifying the sand cover (\"bio-cement\").\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Using water in place of sand for radiation protection in the greenhouse parts of the structure if it can be produced in large quantities.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Future of the design on Mars / Moon</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This could in theory be used to build a very large long-term network-like colony for people travelling to Moon or Mars. On the other hand, a colony that\r\n    could start production of more advanced habitats on site would be the ideal goal for this design. This design would be in its element as a \"bridge-head\"\r\n    colony between first research missions and a large stable colony.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Collection of detailed design material</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzZSz5ppBpjOMUo1UU1DM29HSkU/edit?usp=sharing\">The structure</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0BwUMXszIBEDWU18tNGFCYV9MaGc&amp;usp=sharing\">Pics of the structure</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzZSz5ppBpjORHMzZ2huZWtqQm8/edit?usp=sharing\">Plants and groving them</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwUMXszIBEDWeFpVSWxwWTdwVmc/edit?usp=sharing\">Energy solutions</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzZSz5ppBpjOeVJmRlF2MGR0Zmc/edit?usp=sharing\">Radiation &amp; protection from it</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>The team, process and collaboration</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    It all started from a twitter message which Lauri picked up about the event. The first team members joined after he called out to his friends in search of\r\n    a team. A couple of brainstorm sessions and it was clear we needed some biology experts, which we found through a student organization in Helsinki\r\n    University. Our to-be radiation expert simply saw the messages we sent in our open FB group and asked if he could join. Of course he could! Then we\r\n    traveled to the Tampere event, where we found our local reinforcement. Our 3D modeler was spotted looking for a team on NASA's site, exactly what we needed\r\n    next. What a bunch! We were surprised how such a group could function so well when some were located in Helsinki, others in Tampere and Sebastian in\r\n    Dresden. Virtual work actually produced real-life results :)\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    So, the team has currently 11 active members, who have all contributed significantly, and still continue to do so.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We all started with very little actual knowledge on the subject. Some had thought about this kind of stuff (for example: http://stellarmorning.com). But no\r\n    one had done any planning or calculations. As our team members are engineers, physicists, designers, architects and biologists by education we did have the\r\n    basic knowledge on natural phenomena and such. The rest was learned during the event. And boy did we learn. And I guess our enthusiasm and energy convinced\r\n    others too as we got some pro bono professional help with our video having the opportunity to welcome more people into our team.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Current status and future prospects of the project</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We have a concept, and it actually seems to be quite smart. It's flexible, modular and therefore scalable. It protects but allows as open an environment as\r\n    possible.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/\">Creative Commons BY 3.0</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"http://spaceveggies.com/\">http://spaceveggies.com/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n    Related Blog: \"Have a Stellar Morning\": <a href=\"http://haveastellarmorning.com/\">http://haveastellarmorning.com/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    The presentation we gave in the Tampere event:\r\n    <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B52-ijh1Iy18THhvaENTb3V0aTQ/edit?usp=sharing\">\r\n        https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B52-ijh1Iy18THhvaENTb3V0aTQ/edit?usp=sharing\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\nOur project material: <a href=\"https://drive.google.com/#folders/0B52-ijh1Iy18Vk1KTnhGTmc4S00\">https://drive.google.com/#folders/0B52-ijh1Iy18Vk1KTnhGTmc4S00</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "iSpot It!": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"e89b808d8184899b84818b83a88f85898184c68b8785\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"//player.vimeo.com/video/65183187\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        Designed by American Nicaraguan School middle school students, iSpot it! focuses on the social aspects of the ISS with the intention of creating\r\n        awareness, staying connected and making the ISS fun! The iSpot it! iPhone/iPad app allows you to have all of the ISS social media links in the palm of\r\n        your hand, the ability to track your location and share it when the ISS has been spotted, a link to watch the USStream LIVE CAM and a page to join the\r\n        mailing list to receive alerts. Let's Spot it!\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/spot-the-station\"><strong>Spot the Station</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p><strong>\r\n    Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    DID YOU SPOT IT? SHARE IT! : This page of the iPhone app utilizes the Geolocation functionality of the iPhone to determine the users location. A map pops\r\n    up and shows the users location. Once the location is tracked the user can share their sighting to their facebook or twitter page by clicking on the\r\n    \"share\" buttons in the bottom of the screen.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    LIVE CAM! The live Cam page is directly linked to the ISS USStream Channel that broadcasts live from the ISS. We have witnessed astronauts inside the\r\n    International Space Station in real time floating inside (see screenshot). Other times the camera has been placed on the outer part of the station and we\r\n    have seen the earth from above. Love this feature, it's our new favorite channel to watch!\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    CONNECT : The connect page has the five most relevant social media sites linked to each button in order to communicate and stay connected with the ISS in\r\n    Space and on earth. The Station FB button redirects the user to the International Space Station's Facebook page. The Station Astronauts button redirects\r\n    the user to the twitter page where the astronauts in the current mission are tweeting from within the ISS. The Station Research button redirects the user\r\n    to the twitter account in the Station's research Center on earth. The Station You Tube and Flickr buttons redirect the user to the archived videos and\r\n    photos of the ISS.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    GET ALERTS : This page allows the user to submit the required fields found in the NASA ISS page that allows the user to subscribe to the service of\r\n    receiving alerts when the ISS will be passing overhead. Country, State/Region, City, and Email are input by the user in the fields and are automatically\r\n    sent to the pre programmed email address from within NASA's subscription service page.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    INFO PAGE: This screen offers a summarized description of the ISS to help educate those who are not yet aware of the ISS.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Let's Spot it!\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\">MIT License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\niSpot it! Global Nominee: <a href=\"http://www.slickdevelopers.com/ispot-it-global-nominee.html\">http://www.slickdevelopers.com/ispot-it-global-nominee.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\niSpot it! Nominado Para los Premios Globales: <a href=\"http://www.slickdevelopers.com/ispot-it-nominado-mundial.html\">http://www.slickdevelopers.com/ispot-it-nominado-mundial.html</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            }
        ]
    },
    "asteroids": {
        "links": [
            "/challenge/asteroid-imagery-sharing/",
            "/challenge/asteroid-mission-simulators/",
            "/challenge/asteroid-prospector/",
            "/challenge/asteroid-watchers/",
            "/challenge/create-your-own-asteroid-mission/",
            "/challenge/make-your-own-asteroid-movie/",
            "/challenge/visualize-asteroid-skies/",
            "/challenge/astex-asteroid-exploration/",
            "/challenge/asteroid-occultator/",
            "/challenge/catch-meteor/",
            "/challenge/falling-star-finder/",
            "/challenge/safari-apophis/"
        ],
        "challenges": [
            {
                "Asteroid Imagery Sharing": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #asteroid, #asteroidimagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"28495b5c4d5a47414c4145494f4d5a515b40495a41464f685b58494b4d4958585b4b404944444d464f4d06475a4f\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Platform, Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Design an open-source platform for sharing crowd-sourced asteroid imagery—including observations that have already have been logged, as well as newly\r\n    observed Near Earth Objects. Consider integrating tools to make it easy for amateur astronomers around the world to contribute both primary and follow-up\r\n    imagery. Imagery is most accessible to the general public when calibrated with astrometric and photometric reductions, then incorporated into an\r\n    authoritative data set. Having access to this data set enables global citizens to help identify and characterize potentially dangerous Near Earth Objects.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    In June 2013, NASA announced a grand challenge to “find all asteroid threats to human populations and know what to do about them.” This Grand Challenge\r\n    expands the role of individual inventors, tinkerers, citizen scientists, developers and technologists. Asteroids pose the threat of impact, while\r\n    presenting an opportunity to expand our knowledge of this natural phenomenon. The Grand Challenge seeks to shine a spotlight on asteroids, and garner\r\n    global participation in providing impact prevention solutions.\r\n    <s>\r\n    </s>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Many of the millions of yet undiscovered Near Earth Objects require space-based hardware or large professional scopes to locate. Once identified, amateurs\r\n    can perform useful follow-up observations on estimated composition, albedo, rotation, and other characteristics of these objects. No mechanism currently\r\n    exists for amateurs to easily and effectively share imagery in a way that contributes to the collective picture of the threat of asteroids from space.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The Minor Planet Center currently acts as the central clearinghouse for Asteroid observations taken as data from professional and amateur telescopes, and\r\n    space-based telescopes such as NASA’s WISE. This astrometric data allows the calculation of orbits for the asteroids so both professionals and amateurs may\r\n    conduct follow-up observations.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Once published on the Minor Planet Center’s website, amateurs can then follow-up to make their own observations and create imagery. You may consider\r\n    streamlining the transfer of data from the Minor Planet Center and your application, facilitating a seamless experience for users.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Amateur Astronomers currently use free web tools, to share and discuss their images taken of celestial objects from around the globe; but no tool exists to\r\n    encourage a high-level of use. Also, if not properly calibrated, the scientific value of this imagery is limited. Crowdsourced, properly calibrated, follow\r\n    up observation imagery of Near Earth Asteroids that are shared and stored in the same location could accelerate the scientific understanding of asteroid\r\n    threats to our planet.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Details</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Be open-source with documentation for others to build on:\r\n</p>\r\n<p></p>\n<ul>\r\n    <li>All source code and documentation must be posted onto GitHub and or Hackpad</li>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    </p>\n<li>Any open source tools or APIs used to enable your solution must be cited\r\n</li>\r\n<p>\r\n    </p>\n<li>Specify what data sets/sources are being used if the library is pulling in existing sources of imagery</li>\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/\">http://www.minorplanetcenter.net</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.flickr.com/groups/astrometry/\">http://www.flickr.com/groups/astrometry/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.astrometrica.at/\">http://www.astrometrica.at</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/initiative/index.html\">http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/initiative/index.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n  <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://minorplanetcenter.net/physical_db\">\r\n            http://minorplanetcenter.net/physical_db\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://b612foundation.org/news/faq-on-the-chelyabinsk-asteroid-impact/\">\r\n            https://b612foundation.org/news/faq-on-the-chelyabinsk-asteroid-impact/\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.flickr.com/services/api/\">http://www.flickr.com/services/api/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Asteroid Mission Simulators": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #asteroid, #asteroidsim</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"87e6f4f3e2f5e8eee3eaeef4f4eee8e9f4eeeaf2ebe6f3e8f5f4c7f4f7e6e4e2e6f7f7f4e4efe6ebebe2e9e0e2a9e8f5e0\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Asteroid missions come together thanks to space mission simulators, physics-based game engines, asteroid databases, and data visualizers. Each application\r\n    excels at certain aspects of a mission: one simulator is great at propulsion, another provides the capability to create the spacecraft cockpit, and the\r\n    asteroid databases provide details about the ephemera. However, mission simulations can be limited to a single computer. Though a few simulators and game\r\n    engines provide a networking capability, they can only exchange data with other copies of the same application. This challenge is to create a solution that\r\n    would integrate a variety of simulators, game engines, databases, and data visualizers into a mission simulation that is distributed across the Internet.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n      The High Level Architecture (HLA) protocol enables exchange of data among computer models at locations around the Internet, and the production of\r\n    distributed simulations. Create space mission simulators, asteroid databases, and data visualization applications with an HLA interface.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Originally developed by the Department of Defense (DoD), standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and maintained by\r\n    the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO), the IEEE 1516-2010 High Level Architecture (HLA) Evolved standard enables communication\r\n    among computer models, or “federates”, that join a “federation” via a Run Time Infrastructure (RTI). Most university libraries have a copy of\r\n    IEEE-1516-2010. The PoRTIco Project provides a free 2000 version of the HLA RTI. Open HLA (OHLA) is another free RTI.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Space mission simulators, asteroid databases, and data visualizers provide Application Programming Interfaces (API), or telecommunication functions. Using\r\n    code libraries provided by the RTI and commands specified by the API or documentation, developers can produce a reusable HLA interface between the\r\n    application and a federate.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Activities associated with this challenge include identifying space mission simulators, game engines, asteroid databases, data visualizers that offer an\r\n    Application Programming Interface (API) or a communications link that could benefit from an HLA interface. You can use NASA’s General Mission Analysis Tool\r\n    (GMAT), other simulators and physics-based game engines, and asteroid databases such as the Minor Planets Center Orbit Database (MPCORB). Developing HLA\r\n    interfaces for these systems would enable the integration of distributed space mission simulations.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Write Java, C++, or modeling code to implement an interface between the simulator, asteroid database, or data visualizer, and an HLA federate. Demonstrate\r\n    the HLA Interface by producing computer simulations or “federates”, a federate publishes and sends data and another federate subscribes to and receives the\r\n    data. If the HLA interface is for a space flight simulator then an associated federate can get data from the simulator and send the data to another\r\n    federate that displays the data as text, or a graph, or drive the position of 3D objects in a display. If the application is a data visualizer, the\r\n    associated federate receives data from another federate and updates the visualization.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Source code for the HLA interface to space mission simulator, asteroid database, or data visualizer which includes an interface with a modular design to\r\n    enable reusability; data with location, orientation, heading, velocity; source code with comments and documentation; and language compatible with the RTI,\r\n    e.g., Java or C++. Integrated demonstration with two HLA federates, if possible, that send and receive federates; exchange data between federates with an\r\n    object name, an identifier, position, orientation, heading, and velocity; and receiving federate displaying incoming data either as text, a graph, or\r\n    animation of a 3D model; and procedure documentation.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<h2>\r\nIEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation (M&amp;S) High Level Architecture (HLA) - Framework and Rules:    <a href=\"https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/1516-2010.html\">https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/1516-2010.html</a>\r\n</h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Architecture\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Architecture</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20010016107\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20010016107</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120015629\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120015629</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20070006472\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20070006472</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20070030309\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20070030309</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20110014007\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20110014007</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20110011924\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20110011924</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120016767\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120016767</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120016768\">\r\n            http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120016768\r\n            <br>\r\n        </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ohla.sourceforge.net/\">http://ohla.sourceforge.net/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://porticoproject.org/index.php?title=Main_Page\">http://porticoproject.org/index.php?title=Main_Page</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://pitch.se/downloads\">http://pitch.se/downloads</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ptgrogan.scripts.mit.edu/fundms/day4.php\">\r\n            http://ptgrogan.scripts.mit.edu/fundms/day4.php\r\n            <br>\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    Space mission simulators, game engines, and asteroid databases:\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://gmat.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">http://gmat.gsfc.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi\">http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/orbits/\">http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/orbits/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n   <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://minorplanetcenter.net/physical_db\">\r\n            http://minorplanetcenter.net/physical_db\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Asteroid Prospector": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #asteroid, #asteroidprospector</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"39584a4d5c4b56505d494b564a495c5a4d564b794a49585a5c5849494a5a515855555c575e5c17564b5e\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Develop a game to travel across the solar system going from asteroid to asteroid. The strategy is to decide which asteroid to visit and mine next, given a\r\n    field of asteroids that vary in location, composition, size, and more. A major part of this challenge is learning over the course of the International\r\n    Space Apps Weekend what the purpose and value of an asteroid resource utilization/industry could be and incorporating it into the game.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Asteroids in our solar system contain valuable resources. They also contain resources that offer potential value to humanity. They may be valuable to the\r\n    global economy as Earth’s finite resources begin to dwindle. Future space exploration might use these in-space resources for radiation shielding, life\r\n    support, growing food, 3D printing spare parts, etc. By using resources found at or on the way to a destination, the vehicle doesn’t bring everything that\r\n    will be used during the entire mission from Earth. This reduces the amount of mass, space, and cost in launching and transporting those resources from\r\n    Earth.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Asteroids may be useful for the operation of commercial ventures in space (metals, minerals, and volatiles), such as tourism (hotels or tours), energy\r\n    production (like beaming solar energy to Earth), manufacturing of consumer goods, building communication relay platforms, supporting mining operations,\r\n    etc. The resources from asteroids may be used in place, transported through space to support activities elsewhere, or returned to Earth. Asteroids in near\r\n    cycler obits could potentially provide a “space taxi” approach to moving between two planets (i.e. Earth and Mars).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The game could be as simple or as complex as the developers wish and have time to develop. More complex is not always better. The following are ideas that\r\n    could be incorporated into the game at the developer’s choice:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Start location options: the Earth, the Moon, Mars, inside the Asteroid Belt, etc.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Objective Options: 1) to travel furthest from the starting point, 2) to travel around the Sun within the Asteroid Belt, 3) to get back to Earth from\r\n    another planet/place, 4) to reach a habitat on Mars or Titan, 5) to gather the most valuable collection of resources, 6) to save the Earth from an\r\n    impending giant impact, 7) to supply an industry that terraforms Mars, 8) to explore the solar system and beyond.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Asteroid field options: constant each time the game is played; varied each time the game is played; changes as game passes and bodies move around the sun,\r\n    etc.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Mission type options: human; robotic; both.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Starting capital and material options: user is given a standard or randomly selected set of equipment (like mining equipment) and other resources are made\r\n    available; the user buys a selection of these with a limited amount of startup cash\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Vehicle design options: user is given a set vehicles or can choose between vehicles that vary in propulsion system, resource storage capability, mass,\r\n    etc.; users can buy or manufacture mining equipment, factory equipment, etc.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Mining: user can mine metals for manufacturing new equipment, volatiles like ice for life support or to make rocket propellants, soil to extract oxygen\r\n    from the minerals for life support, etc.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Manufacturing: user can make propellants from water or other volatiles, refine metals from minerals to manufacture equipment, print solar cells from\r\n    regolith (soil) for energy, 3D print metals and plastics and electronics, etc.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Expending resources: propulsion, transportation of resources the to Earth or elsewhere for sale, used in extra-terrestrial industry, life support,\r\n    maintaining ship, etc.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    None of the options above are required; they are listed as a start for considering approaches to development. It is not an all-inclusive list; there are\r\n    many ways to set up an asteroid prospecting game.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Additional variations could include:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Survival option: use the resources to survive and make it to the destination.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Planetary Defense option: if an asteroid is potentially hazardous, receive extra points or payment from the people of Earth for pushing the asteroid into a\r\n    safe orbit. Possibilities include: 1) if a big asteroid hits Earth, the game is over, 2) if a small asteroid hits Earth, the user is penalized, 3) the user\r\n    must decide how to push each asteroid (kinetic impact, gravity tractor, nuclear explosion, etc), 4) if choose a nuclear explosion on the asteroid, it is\r\n    then unavailable for mining due to radiation, 5) if choose to mine the asteroid, there is a risk of it hitting Earth\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Space Tourism option: build outposts and hotels on the asteroids or planets; set up a transportation system with refueling stations to take people there\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Exploration option: visit destinations of interest and make discoveries along the way.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Be creative and have fun with the game!\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120008777&amp;hterms=mueller+asteroid+asteroid&amp;qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%7Cmode%2520matchall%26Ntk%3DAll%7CAuthor-Name%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dasteroid%7Cmueller\">\r\n            “A Review of Extra-Terrestrial Mining Robot Concepts”\r\n        </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120008777&amp;hterms=mueller+asteroid+asteroid&amp;qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%7Cmode%2520matchall%26Ntk%3DAll%7CAuthor-Name%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dasteroid%7Cmueller\">\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110016183&amp;hterms=asteroid+industry&amp;qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchallany%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D4294128800%26Ntt%3Dasteroid%2Bindustry\">\r\n            “Nature's Way of Making Audacious Space Projects Viable”\r\n        </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110016183&amp;hterms=asteroid+industry&amp;qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchallany%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D4294128800%26Ntt%3Dasteroid%2Bindustry\">\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n       \r\n            <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?Ntx=mode+matchallany&amp;Ntk=All&amp;N=0&amp;Ntt=asteroid+utilization\">\r\n                NASA Technical Reports: Search Asteroid + Utilization\r\n            </a>\r\n       \r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?Ntx=mode+matchallany&amp;Ntk=All&amp;N=0&amp;Ntt=asteroid+industry\">\r\n            NASA Technical Reports: Search Asteroid + Industry\r\n        </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?Ntx=mode+matchallany&amp;Ntk=All&amp;N=0&amp;Ntt=asteroid+industry\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?N=0&amp;Ntk=All&amp;Ntt=asteroid%20mining&amp;Ntx=mode%20matchallpartial\">\r\n            NASA Technical Reports: Search Asteroid + Mining\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12842\">“Defending Planet Earth: Near Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies”</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120015766&amp;hterms=20120015766&amp;qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntt%3D20120015766%26Ntx%3Dmode%2520matchallpartial\">\r\n            “Establishment of a Spaceport Network Architecture”\r\n        </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120015766&amp;hterms=20120015766&amp;qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntt%3D20120015766%26Ntx%3Dmode%2520matchallpartial\">\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/centers/kennedy/technology/nasarmc.html\">NASA Robotic Mining Competition</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/centers/kennedy/technology/nasarmc.html\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://osiris-rex.lpl.arizona.edu/\">\r\n            Origins-Spectral Interpretation-Resource Identification-Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-Rex) – Asteroid Sample Return Mission\r\n        </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://osiris-rex.lpl.arizona.edu/\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://gslibir.gsfc.nasa.gov/colloquia/4552\">“Prospecting the Asteroids”</a>\r\n        Goddard Engineering Colloquium\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_cycler\">Aldrin cycler concept</a>\r\n        <u></u>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Asteroid databases, infographics, and data visualization libraries</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/\"> </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/\">http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/orbits/\">http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/orbits/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/docs/index\">https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/docs/index</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://tamc.github.io/Sankey/\"> </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://tamc.github.io/Sankey/\">http://tamc.github.io/Sankey/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://d3js.org/\">http://d3js.org/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://philogb.github.io/jit/\"> </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://philogb.github.io/jit/\">http://philogb.github.io/jit/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ejohn.org/blog/processingjs/\"> </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ejohn.org/blog/processingjs/\">http://ejohn.org/blog/processingjs/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://minorplanetcenter.net/physical_db\">\r\n            http://minorplanetcenter.net/physical_db\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Asteroid Watchers": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #asteroid, #asteroidwatchers</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"49283a3d2c3b26202d3e283d2a212c3b3a093a39282a2c2839393a2a212825252c272e2c67263b2e\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Amateur astronomers have made many discoveries. Create an open source network of quick-response robotic telescopes that would enable fast follow-up\r\n    observations of potentially-threatening asteroids. Solutions should enable telescopes in all hemispheres to be controlled from a central location quickly,\r\n    much like moving a webcam. Ideal solutions will integrate hardware and software, though ambitious Autonomous Robotic Observatories (ARO) network concepts\r\n    and methods for building and maintaining the network would be highly desirable.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    In June 2013 NASA announced a grand challenge to “find all asteroid threats to human populations and know what to do about them.” A large part of this\r\n    Grand Challenge is to expand the role of individual inventors, tinkerers, citizen scientists, developers and technologists in participating meaningfully in\r\n    addressing the work of this challenge with their individual skill sets. Asteroids are both a threat and an opportunity to the planet and humankind; the\r\n    threat of their impact is one of the few natural phenomenon that we could expand our knowledge base enough to prevent devastation from.\r\n    <s>\r\n    </s>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The Chelyabinsk meteor that exploded in the atmosphere over Russia was an example of a small Near Earth Object (about 17m wide) that was undetected before\r\n    it collided with Earth. Chelyabinsk caught the world by surprise. Location of these small, fast-moving Near Earth Objects (NEOs) requires space-based\r\n    hardware or large professional telescopes. Once their position is identified, rapid follow-up from smaller, amateur AROs might help to quickly assess the\r\n    threat they pose and characterize their composition, rotation and other attributes.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    There are a number of proprietary telescope controllers already on the market that enable amateurs to control large telescopes remotely. Your solution can\r\n    be optimized for asteroid hunting and open-source to allow for amateurs to set up AROs in every hemisphere around the globe. (I.e. your user-base is\r\n    global.) Consider using low-cost platform technologies as a basis of your solution, to keep costs as low as possible.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Integrate hardware and software in a way that can be easily replicated by others; endeavor to leverage existing low-cost platforms; provide open-source\r\n    documentation (diagrams or 3D files) for others to build on; use open components for hardware; and cite open source tools or APIs. Bring your own hardware\r\n    for this challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/\">http://www.minorplanetcenter.net</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/programs/neowise.html\">http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/programs/neowise.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Telescope_Markup_Language\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Telescope_Markup_Language</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aa/2010/496765/\">http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aa/2010/496765/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    Asteroid Grand Challenge:\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/initiative/index.html\">http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/initiative/index.html</a><a></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://b612foundation.org/news/faq-on-the-chelyabinsk-asteroid-impact/\">\r\n            https://b612foundation.org/news/faq-on-the-chelyabinsk-asteroid-impact/\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Create Your Own Asteroid Mission": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #asteroid, #asteroidmission</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"472435222633223e2832352830292634332235282e232a2e34342e282907343726242226373734242f262b2b2229202269283520\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    How would you send humans to explore an asteroid? How would you send a spacecraft to survey the asteroid belt? And how would you deflect an asteroid that\r\n    was on a threatening course with Earth?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <br>\r\n    Space flight simulators provide the capability to create asteroid mission simulations. See simulators like NASA’s General Mission Analysis Tool and others\r\n    that can provide 3D visualization of spacecraft, orbital trajectories, and ephemera. Other simulators provide additional simulation capabilities, including\r\n    Multi-Function Displays, out-of-cockpit views, pod-bay doors, docking, lift-off, and landing or a capability to design launch vehicles and spacecraft by\r\n    selecting and connecting subsystems. This challenge involves planning, designing, and creating an asteroid mission simulation using one or more of these\r\n    simulators. Simulations of asteroid surface mission operations can be developed with free open source game engines or the free versions of commercial game\r\n    engines, provided that the simulations include realistic physics.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Select a space flight simulator or physics based game engine and study the documentation, Application Programming Interface, video tutorials, and model\r\n    repository. Develop an asteroid mission and design the spacecraft. Implement the spacecraft and mission with the space flight simulator. Simulate the\r\n    mission and identify future improvements for the simulation.\r\n</p>\r\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Publicly available space mission simulators have large international communities that provide examples, tutorials, videos, discussion forums, and reusable\r\n    models and simulations. A mission simulation developed for this challenge can build upon existing models provided that the copyright license allows it and\r\n    the technologies represented in the model are technically feasible before the simulated start of mission date. A benefit of using publically available\r\n    simulators is it provides equal opportunities for everyone and it minimizes the possibility of someone modifying the external environment simulation to\r\n    suit the spacecraft simulation.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create documented asteroid mission simulations with source files for the simulation, including geometric models, images, textures, scripts, and source\r\n    code; source files must include comments and associated documentation; and source file documentation must include procedures for executing the simulation,\r\n    input data ranges, and descriptions of what-if scenarios. Mission simulation documentation can include descriptions and diagrams of the spacecraft and\r\n    instruments; descriptions and diagrams of the orbital trajectories and results of the simulation including durations, propellant usage, extracted payload;\r\n    documentation must provide screen-shots of the simulation and explain how it supported the analysis of the mission concept; and documentation must include\r\n    recommendations for improving the simulation.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Space mission simulators and physics based game engines\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://gmat.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">http://gmat.gsfc.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\n<br>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    NASA Technical Reports or Research\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20080045879\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20080045879</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20130013170\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20130013170</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120013195\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120013195</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120003776\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120003776</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120001818\">http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120001818</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120008777\">\r\n            http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20120008777\r\n            <br>\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Make Your Own Asteroid Movie": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #asteroid, #asteroidmovie</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"ef828e848a96809a9d8098818e9c9b8a9d80868b828099868aaf9c9f8e8c8a8e9f9f9c8c878e83838a81888ac1809d88\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    Create an asteroid movie with real asteroid observation data. Potential solutions may include:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Manually-generated individual asteroid movies. Asteroid observation movies typically visualize an asteroid’s trajectory, spin rate, shape, albedo,\r\n    bi-directional reflection, texture, roughness, strength and composition;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Code for an algorithm-driven automated asteroid movie production which may include a file transformation (FileTrans) code to enable the automated\r\n    translation of observation files from one format to another; asteroid-AMP movie interactive subscription and search web pages; pipeline control scripts\r\n    that extract knowledge from images and metadata to detect features and events, organize time-lapse sequences, co-register image mosaics and 3D terrain, and\r\n    add graphic and text overlays to asteroid movies.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    In June 2013, NASA announced a grand challenge to “find all asteroid threats to human populations and know what to do about them.” This Grand Challenge\r\n    expands the role of individual inventors, tinkerers, citizen scientists, developers and technologists. Asteroids pose the threat of impact, while\r\n    presenting an opportunity to expand our knowledge of this natural phenomenon. The Grand Challenge seeks to shine a spotlight on asteroids, and garner\r\n    global participation in providing impact prevention solutions.\r\n    <s>\r\n    </s>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <s>\r\n    </s>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    During the last five decades, sensor technology has increased ground and space based observation image size. Voyager images were 800x 800 pixels. Mars\r\n    Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) HiRISE camera images are 20,000 x 60,000 pixels. Increases in computer processor and graphics processor chip speeds, cluster\r\n    and cloud computing have greatly increased image processing and movie creation speeds. The internet has increased public access to NASA archived data.\r\n    Cable, satellite, broadband and fiber internet television developed the technology to distribute compressed HD movies directly to our homes. Home\r\n    computers, digital and High Definition television (HDTV) (1920 x 1080 pixels) provided inexpensive display systems. In the last few years, the evolution of\r\n    3D HDTV displays (1920x1080), 4K digital cinema displays, 3D Digital IMAX movies (8000x 4000 pixels), and Hyper-walls (35,640 by 8,000 pixels) provided the\r\n    technology required to display high resolution observations and movies. Universities and industry have pioneered the capability to send uncompressed HD-4K\r\n    movies over dedicated point-to-point high bandwidth fiber optic networks in real-time. In spite of these advances only a handful of 2D asteroid movies are\r\n    created each year at resolutions of 1280 x 720 pixels or less. This is your opportunity to make an amazing movie in 3D and high definition.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Details</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Manually-generated movie:</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Specify the data sources used to generate the movie;\r\n    </li>\r\n<li>\r\n    Specify the specific asteroid the movie is illustrating;\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n   Specify any assumptions/ processing algorithms used to generate the movie;\r\n</li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Use any movie format; and\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Post source code on github.\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p></p>\n<p>\r\n    <em>Code for automated algorithm functions:</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Specify Python control scripts; and\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Post, with documentation and code, on github.\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p></p>\n<p></p>\r\n    <strong>Sample resources</strong>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ssv.jpl.nasa.gov/ssv/asteroidamp\">http://ssv.jpl.nasa.gov/ssv/asteroidamp</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://missionjuno.swri.edu/\">http://missionjuno.swri.edu/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/\">http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/\">http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/specials/hubble/slideshow.html\">http://www.nature.com/news/specials/hubble/slideshow.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://marswatch.astro.cornell.edu/pancam_instrument/\">http://marswatch.astro.cornell.edu/pancam_instrument/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/3d_resources/\">http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/3d_resources/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www-mipl.jpl.nasa.gov/mipex.html\">http://www-mipl.jpl.nasa.gov/mipex.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ssv.jpl.nasa.gov/ssv/asteroidmovies\">http://ssv.jpl.nasa.gov/ssv/asteroidmovies</a>\r\n        (Username = asteroidmovies, Password = Asteroid2014)\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Visualize the Asteroid Skies": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #asteroid, #asteroidskies</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"0e78677d7b6f6267746b6f7d7a6b7c61676a7d65676b7d4e7d7e6f6d6b6f7e7e7d6d666f62626b60696b20617c69\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    :\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create data aggregators and visualizations of asteroid data in meaningful ways can educate the public about the need to explore asteroids and protect the\r\n    Earth from them. Extract data from existing asteroid databases and create clear, beautiful visualizations with them to show the power of asteroid\r\n    exploration. You can develop code that establishes connections to asteroid data sources, create data visualizers that translate retrieved asteroid data\r\n    into meaningful plots or presentations; and integrate the communications and data visualization code into an interactive educational website.\r\n</p>\r\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The Minor Planet Center (MPC) is the single worldwide location for receipt and distribution of positional measurements of minor planets, comets and outer\r\n    irregular natural satellites of the major planets. The MPC is responsible for the identification, designation and orbit computation for all of these\r\n    objects. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory established Infographics in 2012 to crowdsource the creation of scientific works of art. People download data and\r\n    pictures, create an infographic, and upload the image to the Infographics website. Another NASA website presents visualizations of orbital trajectories for\r\n    more than 1,450 potentially hazardous asteroids. Other websites exist that provide details about asteroids with their potential values and profit along\r\n    with an interactive visualization of the inner solar system with asteroids. Several dozen infographics exist that explain specific asteroid missions.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    In June 2013 NASA announced a grand challenge to “find all asteroid threats to human populations and know what to do about them.” A large part of this\r\n    Grand Challenge is to expand the role of individual inventors, tinkerers, citizen scientists, developers and technologists in participating meaningfully in\r\n    addressing the work of this challenge with their individual skill sets. Asteroids are both a threat and an opportunity to the planet and humankind; the\r\n    threat of their impact is one of the few natural phenomenon that we could expand our knowledge base enough to prevent devastation from.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Web pages, communications, and data visualization source code including communications code that extracts data from asteroid databases; web pages with\r\n    information and embedded data visualizations; source code must use free languages and code libraries that do not require browser plug-ins; and source code\r\n    with comments and associated documentation. Project Documentation can describe the design process for the communications code, the design process for the\r\n    data visualizations with screenshots and code snippets to illustrate the design processes. Identify ideas for future work.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Asteroid databases, Infographics, and data visualization libraries\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPCORB.html\">http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPCORB.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/\">http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/orbits/\">http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/orbits/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://tamc.github.io/Sankey/\">http://tamc.github.io/Sankey/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://d3js.org/\">http://d3js.org/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://philogb.github.io/jit/\">http://philogb.github.io/jit/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ejohn.org/blog/processingjs/\">http://ejohn.org/blog/processingjs/</a>\r\n        <u></u>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    NASA Technical Reports or Research\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=19910021668\"> </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=19910021668\">http://www.ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=19910021668</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=19910015077\">http://www.ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=19910015077</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20050186564\">http://www.ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?print=yes&amp;R=20050186564</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://minorplanetcenter.net/physical_db\">\r\n            http://minorplanetcenter.net/physical_db\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<br>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "ASTEX - Asteroid Exploration": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"//player.vimeo.com/video/65243755\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        This project aims to achieve a better asteroid orbit prediction, especially the Apophis one as it was proposed in the Challenge. It includes not only\r\n        an orbit prediction and simulation software of the asteroid, but also which equipment the CubeSat is provided, its design and how the technological\r\n        system (CubeSat and other elements) would be send and get stuck to the asteroid surface to study its trajectory and other variables.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/asteroid-hunter\"><strong>Asteroid Hunter</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project aims to achieve a better asteroid orbit prediction. To make it complete, it has been included not only the prediction part, but also how the\r\n    technological system would be send to the asteroid. It has been considered to send a CubeSat to the asteroid surface which would study accurately the\r\n    trajectory and other variables sending data to a GPS system at the earth orbit. The project specifically studies the Apophis case, as it was proposed, but\r\n    it has been developed to solve the same challenge for any near-earth asteroid. Due to the distinction of the project parts, it has been divided in a couple\r\n    of complementary sections to accomplish the whole objective.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The first one is based on developing software to predict the orbit of any object around another one and didactically achieve a better knowledge of the\r\n    theoretical trajectory with a simulation program. As the project includes the whole mission, GPS position software has also been developed to know the\r\n    exact position of the asteroid and compare it with the theoretical data.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The other part of the project tries to attain another objective of the project which is study the most efficient way of getting to the asteroid surface, in\r\n    terms of orbit transferors and get stuck to the asteroid. Also it is explained which equipment the CubeSat is provided and the design that fits better due\r\n    to the certain situations the CubeSat must get involved.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The project has been done to leave the door opened to future plans which would use the infrastructure of this project, such as studying the outer space\r\n    radiation, Sun radiation of any spectrum and other variables to study.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/\">Creative Commons BY 3.0</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/asteroidexploration/\">https://sites.google.com/site/asteroidexploration/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Code Used -\r\n        <a href=\"https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B1au-c0h8KGUWmFhUWJpY0E5T3c&amp;usp=sharing\">\r\n            https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B1au-c0h8KGUWmFhUWJpY0E5T3c&amp;usp=sharing\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        NASA Orbit Elements of NEA - <a href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/neo_elem\">http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/neo_elem</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        NASA Trajectory Search of NEA - <a href=\"http://trajbrowser.arc.nasa.gov/traj_browser.php\">http://trajbrowser.arc.nasa.gov/traj_browser.php</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        NASA Orbit Diagrams of NEA - <a href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/orbits/\">http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/orbits/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        CubeSat Official Webpage - <a href=\"http://cubesat.org/\">http://cubesat.org/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    CubeSat and Nanosatellite Solutions - <a href=\"http://gomspace.com/\">http://gomspace.com/</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Asteroid Occultator": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Data Visualization, Platform, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br><p>\r\nThis project is solving the    <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/citizen-generated-database-near-earth-objects\"><strong>Database of Near Earth Objects</strong></a>\r\n    challenge.<br>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/FRN-XULxsD8?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        We're producing a demonstrator web app for timing asteroid occultations and using that to deduce their shape. The idea being to facilitate crowd-source\r\n        multiple timings from amateur astronomers to plot the shape of asteroids based on their star ‘shadows’. We hope this could produce an outline profile\r\n        shape of an asteroid within minutes if the data can be aggregated and compiled quickly.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    \r\n</p>\r\n<p><strong>\r\n    Description\r\n</strong></p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We aim to make asteroid profiling accessible to a wider audience through a simple occultation crows-sourcing app and website. The app will include support\r\n    information to assist sky watchers in finding and observing candidate occultations for their location.\r\n</p>\r\n<p><strong>  Project Information</strong></p>\r\n<p>\r\nLicense:\r\n    <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license\">GNU General Public License</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n   Source Code/Project URL:\r\n    <a href=\"https://bitbucket.org/astopy/asteroid-occultator/\">https://bitbucket.org/astopy/asteroid-occultator/</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p><strong>\r\n    Resources\r\n</strong></p>\r\n<p>\r\n   Trello Board\r\n    - <a href=\"https://trello.com/board/asteroids/51728bb4a2d8db9132000635\">https://trello.com/board/asteroids/51728bb4a2d8db9132000635</a>\r\n</p>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Catch a Meteor": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Data Visualization, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"//player.vimeo.com/video/65139183\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        This project is an Android application allowing users to visualize a 3D interactive map of the night sky and note their observations of meteors by\r\n        simply pointing their device to the direction they saw it, and tapping the screen at the exact location. It'll soon allow reporting these observations\r\n        to scientific organizations, and allow anyone to contribute to science. It also provide help and tips for amateurs willing to observe meteors, and a\r\n        forecast of the upcoming meteor showers.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/catch-a-meteor-tracker\"><strong>“Catch a Meteor” Tracker</strong></a>\r\n    challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p><strong>\r\n    Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The catch a meteor project is an Android (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nox.catch_a_meteor) application aiming to help amateurs as well\r\n    as experienced meteors observers.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The application gathers the dates, times and details about the upcoming meteor showers. Plenty of useful tips to watch meteors in the best conditions are\r\n    included in the application as well. This is to encourage amateurs to encourage people to go out there and watch the sky with the best chances not to be\r\n    disappointed.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The main feature of Catch a Meteor is however aiming both amateur and experienced observers. Users can visualize a 3D map of the night sky in the\r\n    application and note down their observations of meteors.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Technologies used: Android, OpenGL, Google Sky Map, ORMLite.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Features: Guide &amp; Help to observe meteors, List of this year's meteor showers, Interactive 3D space map, Storage of the observed meteors, Use of double\r\n    tap on the interactive map to record an observation.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Future Features: Addition of details like magnitude of the observed meteor, share observations on social networks, report the recorded observations to\r\n    scientific organizations, and more...\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Meteor Showers data found on the American Meteor Society Website (cf. project resources). Thanks to Joel Chia for the design of the application splash\r\n    screen and icon.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-license\">LGPL</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://code.google.com/p/catch-a-meteor-tracker/\">https://code.google.com/p/catch-a-meteor-tracker/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul><li>\r\nAMS Meteor Shower List: <a href=\"http://www.amsmeteors.org/2013/02/2013-meteor-shower-list/\">http://www.amsmeteors.org/2013/02/2013-meteor-shower-list/</a>\r\n</li></ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Falling Star Finder": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Platform, Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/catch-a-meteor-tracker\"><strong>“Catch a Meteor” Tracker</strong></a>\r\n    challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/ni7ADvR2Xh8?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        Coordinate with others nearby to use mobile phones for a meteor sky cam network. After leaving phones still on the ground to automatically take many\r\n        long exposure pics, users then trace any meteor trails onscreen. The celestial coordinate vector data will be embedded in the photo's EXIF tag with the\r\n        location and time, and uploaded to a server. The server will match photos from other observers within the same viewing area, and calculate the prior\r\n        orbit of the object, displaying results online.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em> </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Use your phone to REALLY find meteors! Stargazers in your region will go out wherever they are, set their phones down on the ground, and the phones will\r\n    simultaneously snap pics of the same sky, looking to catch a falling star in 3D!\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHm66KTbzUg\">Watch our demo here!</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    A mobile phone, sitting on the ground, will take many back-to-back long-exposure images of the sky to capture meteor trails and passing satellites. After\r\n    the observing session, the user can upload all their photos to a server for other people to find meteors in, or the photographer can locally find their own\r\n    meteors before upload.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Anyone can download un-traced photos into the app to join in the process!\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    When tracing, you look for an image with a white streak, then trace the meteor trail onscreen, and align the photo with an overlaid star field. That\r\n    creates the precise celestial coordinate dimensions of the sky streak. The photo will have the vector streak coordinates embedded right in the EXIF tags\r\n    with the location and time, and will be uploaded to the server.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The server will match photos from other observers within the same viewing area, and use the pythagorean theorem to find the latitude, longitude and\r\n    altitude of the meteor or satellite trail. The orbit can be calculated then, and the resulting orbit plot and ephemeris data appear on the website and\r\n    alerts the users who took the photos and traced the trails.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nWe would love to find developers who would like to make this fun, easy, citizen science astro app happen! Contact Dan at    <a href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection#2f5c5b4a4e4249465d4a6f48424e4643014c4042\"><span class=\"__cf_email__\" data-cfemail=\"02717667636f646b706742656f636b6e2c616d6f\">[email protected]</span><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script></a>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li> <a href=\"http://i.imgur.com/Yum9mMgl.jpg\">http://i.imgur.com/Yum9mMgl.jpg</a>\n</li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http://i.imgur.com/jxpzNPCl.jpg\">http://i.imgur.com/jxpzNPCl.jpg</a></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<br><p>\r\n    <strong>Credits</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Dan Bowen - System concept development, demo vid, web
\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Mark Barczak - UI design and UI presentation pdf
\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Bethany Morse - Results Webpage Graphic
\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Bo Lowry - astronomical reference data and advice
\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Travis Goodspeed - Original idea to find unknown satellites\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<br><p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/\">Creative Commons BY 3.0</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/fallingstar/fallingstarfinder\">https://github.com/fallingstar/fallingstarfinder</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<br><p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Long Tutorial Video: <a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHm66KTbzUg\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHm66KTbzUg</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        User Interface Screens PDF:\r\n        <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B3fcbUEovLhOZ3h3VWFXbnpZSEU/edit?usp=sharing\">\r\n            https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B3fcbUEovLhOZ3h3VWFXbnpZSEU/edit?usp=sharing\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Safari Apophis": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/uVfmKd9Zgi4?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        The project aims to place a transponder and other experiments in the surface of Apophis by using a intelligent web that will attach to the asteroid.\r\n        The web, composed of four nodes, will take the form of a tetrahedron after being deployed by the transport module. The nodes are able to contain\r\n        fragile components, this allows a variety of experiments to be conduced in the surface of Apophis. The 'intelligent-web' design can be used with other\r\n        purposes like deflection of the asteroid.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/asteroid-hunter\"><strong>Asteroid Hunter</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    El propósito del proyecto es anclar firmemente un transpondedor que permita estudiar la dinámica orbital de Apophis por un periodo de tiempo\r\n    suficientemente largo y además realizar más experimentos y colectar más datos. Esto mediante un diseño de misión adecuado a las características de Apophis\r\n    y un diseño de anclaje de red inteligente.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license\">GNU General Public License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\nSource Code/Project URL:        <a href=\"http://dbellot.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/safari-apophis.pdf\">http://dbellot.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/safari-apophis.pdf</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Presentacion: <a href=\"http://prezi.com/qxlj3mgc-qxz/safari-apophis/\">http://prezi.com/qxlj3mgc-qxz/safari-apophis/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n Main document mirror: <a href=\"http://www.academia.edu/3351701/Safari_Apophis\">http://www.academia.edu/3351701/Safari_Apophis</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            }
        ]
    },
    "earth-watch": {
        "links": [
            "/challenge/picture-worth-thousand-words/",
            "/challenge/airnow-international-transport-app-anita/",
            "/challenge/animate-your-world/",
            "/challenge/climate-and-my-neighborhood/",
            "/challenge/coastal-inundation/",
            "/challenge/community-visions-climate-adaptation/",
            "/challenge/cool-it/",
            "/challenge/earth-art/",
            "/challenge/earth-images-space-station/",
            "/challenge/earth-observation-visualization/",
            "/challenge/gravity-map/",
            "/challenge/image-ine-earth-yesterday-and-today/",
            "/challenge/leaf-me-alone/",
            "/challenge/my-sky-color/",
            "/challenge/print-my-watershed/",
            "/challenge/take-earth-hike-offline-access-remote-sensing-data/",
            "/challenge/track-wetland/",
            "/challenge/track-landslide/",
            "/challenge/tree-factor/",
            "/challenge/where-earth/",
            "/challenge/nasa-greener-cities-project/",
            "/challenge/opentiles/",
            "/challenge/aquaping/"
        ],
        "challenges": [
            {
                "A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #apictureisworth</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"badbcad3d9cecfc8dfd3c9cdd5c8ced2fac9cadbd9dfdbcacac9d9d2dbd6d6dfd4dddf94d5c8dd\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Import satellite imagery from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS) to show how Earth has changed in the last two years. Load the data into a\r\n    mapping platform of your choice and add additional data or imagery, and keep your eyes peeled for insights, mashups, and any improvements that would help\r\n    others create mashups. Combining information like this can put data into context to tell a compelling story or unearth an interesting insight.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Mashups could combine several types of information for a variety of purposes, for example:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    1) Combine tracks of migratory whales with space-based measurements of ocean surface temperature to examine relationships between them.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    2) Is that volcano erupting? Compare volcano webcams to satellite measurements of sulfur dioxide and see how bad it is.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    3) Tell a story of how a natural event affected people on the ground by combining hurricane, wildfire, or snowstorm imagery with geolocated instant\r\n    messages, pictures, and videos of those who experienced it.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    4) Provide farmers, foresters, and other land managers with an interactive tool to visually compare NASA’s multispectral satellite images with do it\r\n    yourself methods near infrared images taken from kites, balloons, airplane windows, or very tall hills.\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    NASA maintains and contributes to a collection of hundreds of terabytes of Earth observation imagery from our numerous satellites. NASA makes that imagery\r\n    available to scientists and the public to help to improve our understanding of Earth systems and climate. It supports applications in air quality, volcanic\r\n    ash and smoke plumes, drought, dust storms, fires, floods, severe storms, shipping, and vegetation, among others. Some of this imagery is currently made\r\n    available in its full, native resolution through NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Service’s (GIBS) public API. GIBS provides daily, global images covering\r\n    mid-2012 through present for 100+ visualized data parameters, with ongoing activities to expand throughout the entire historical record of each product.\r\n    Many imagery products are continually updated throughout the current day with the latest imagery (often available within four hours of acquisition from the\r\n    satellites), providing the capability to address problems that are time-sensitive. The NASA Worldview browsing tool provides an interface to interactively\r\n    pan and zoom the entire set of imagery available in GIBS. In addition, GIBS and Worldview can view imagery from Arctic and Antarctic perspectives to\r\n    provide “full Earth” coverage.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Some potential sources of data or information for the storytelling “mashup” include:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    1) Combining Earth imagery with social data.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    2) Linking ground-based networks to space-based observations: Several other government agencies maintain a network of ground-based measurement stations for\r\n    important data collection sites. NASA space-based observation data might be mashed up against some of this ground-based observation data as well. (e.g.,\r\n    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) buoy data <a href=\"http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/\">http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov</a> , Environmental\r\n    Protection Agency (EPA) air quality stations, etc.).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    3) Combining powers with citizen scientists: Look for ways to include the many citizen science projects conducted globally. There are examples of aerial\r\n    imagery of Gulf Coast coal terminals, coastal oil spills, northeast urban waterways post-Hurricane Sandy, rangeland in the mountain west, etc. Other\r\n    examples show snapshots of birds and species. Projects could compare the spatial and temporal resolution of these diverse data sources, and explore ground\r\n    validation workflows.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    1) A description of the mashup: What does the mashup seek to tell us? Why are these data comparisons important? What value do these pieces of information\r\n    add to one another?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    2) Other data/ imagery sources: What other information is NASA data/imagery being combined with in the use case? Provide links to the other information.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    3) A prototype of the mashup itself using a platform of your choice. Feel free to use your own website to host and demonstrate the mashup; otherwise there\r\n    are free hosting options which can be used. The mashup could be as usable as possible, but wireframes or storyboards are acceptable if technical/ data\r\n    accessibility hurdles make the creation of a specific solution impossible.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    4) Other open source tools: Identify other open source tools that the prototype builds upon or uses.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    5) Recommendations for improvements to the accessibility of NASA imagery: Teams could list specific recommendations for improving the accessibility of NASA\r\n    data for mashups. Teams could list specific hurdles they encountered. Teams must list the specific data source they were working with.\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n</p>\n<p>\r\n</p>\n<p>\r\n</p>\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    :\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Available+Imagery+Products\">\r\n            https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Available+Imagery+Products\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Access+Methods\">https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Access+Methods</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients\">https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients</a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients\">h</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/products.html\">ttp://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/products.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.legacy_archives\">http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.legacy_archives</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/bpspill/water.html#data\">http://www.epa.gov/bpspill/water.html#data</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-2012\">\r\n            http://www2.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-2012\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/\">http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://publiclab.org/archive\">http://publiclab.org/archive</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://publiclab.org/archive\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://budburst.org/results.php\">http://budburst.org/results.php</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://budburst.org/results.php\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/\">http://ebird.org/content/ebird/</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">https://www.inaturalist.org</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "AirNow International Transport App (ANITA)": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #anitaairnow</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"e687888f9287878f94888991a6959687858387969695858e878a8a83888183c8899481\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Imagery, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create an app that shows how large-scale international air quality events relate to daily Air Quality Index (AQI) data. The app could ingest data and\r\n    information from NASA satellites, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) air mass hysplit trajectories, and chemical transport model outputs.\r\n    This information could empower citizens to mitigate some of these conditions and make the air cleaner, or air quality managers could use the information to\r\n    formulate policy measures that take into account daily influences on the Air Quality Index.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The AQI tells you how clean or polluted your air is and what associated health effects might be a concern for you. The AQI focuses on health effects you\r\n    may experience within a few hours or days after breathing polluted air. The AQI is calculated from for five major air pollutants: ground-level ozone,\r\n    particle pollution (also known as particulate matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. AirNow has been in operation since 1997 and\r\n    provides AQI information to several media outlets.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    AirNow has state-of-the-art software for air quality data management and information dissemination. The AirNow system provides real-time AQI observations\r\n    and forecasts to help inform the public about the quality of the air they breathe. The software, including worldwide mapping and multi-language capability,\r\n    allows the system to be implemented in cities and regions around the globe. AirNow also provides a robust app that provides daily and forecast AQI for the\r\n    US.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    AirNow encourages participation in a worldwide community that shares ideas and promotes air quality awareness. AirNow-International (AN-I) helps countries\r\n    around the world create a more reliable source of real-time air quality information. This allows decision makers to better communicate about air pollution,\r\n    health, and sustainability goals, and to involve the public in efforts to improve air quality. The AirNow-International Community includes AN-I system\r\n    users and other people interested in international air quality. The AirNow-I Community is a group of international organizations and agencies that: (1)\r\n    provides direction, standardization, and scientific understanding for the collection, sharing and dissemination of air quality data and forecasts; and (2)\r\n    promotes AirNow-I development and growth in a self-sustaining and self-supporting environment. The benefit of this app is that it could help the public\r\n    understand how local or large scale events relate to unhealthy AQI levels.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Primary Data and Models</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    MODIS and MISR for fires and pollution outbreaks; Models – HYSPLIT for trajectory predictions, GEOS-Chem (Stratospheric intrusions), NRL-NAAPS, SmartFire\r\n    Secondary Data; and CALIPSO, OMI for vertical resolution and volcanic eruptions.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The app can ingest data from AirNow, NASA satellite data, and other information such as NCAR air mass hysplit trajectories and chemical transport model\r\n    outputs.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The app can relate the AQI data to episodic and long range transport events; display the pathway of the pollution from the source to the location of\r\n    interest; and Document the assumptions and methods for comparing the data.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Find creative ways to visualize the data.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer): <a href=\"http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/\">http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nMISR (Multi-angle Imaging RadioSpectrometer):    <a href=\"http://www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov/getData/accessData/\">http://www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov/getData/accessData/</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument): <a href=\"http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/data-holdings/OMI\">http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/data-holdings/OMI</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nCALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations):    <a href=\"https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/calipso/calipso\">https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/calipso/calipso</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nNCAR Hysplit (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model:    <a href=\"http://www.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT_info.php\">http://www.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT_info.php</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    GEOS-Chem: <a href=\"http://geos-chem.org/\">http://geos-chem.org/</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    NRL-NAAPS (Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System): <a href=\"http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/\">http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    SmartFire: <a href=\"http://www.getbluesky.org/smartfire/dataviewer/index.cfm\">http://www.getbluesky.org/smartfire/dataviewer/index.cfm</a>\r\n</p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Animate Your World ": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #animateyourworld</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"75141b1c181401100c1a0007021a07191135060514161014050506161d141919101b12105b1a0712\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Imagery, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Unlock the power of NASA’s Earth imagery and build something spectacular! NASA maintains and contributes to a collection of hundreds of terabytes of Earth\r\n    observation imagery from our numerous satellites, which is available to scientists and the public. The imagery supports applications in air quality,\r\n    volcanic ash and smoke plumes, drought, dust storms, fires, floods, severe storms, shipping, vegetation, and more. Images from 2012 through today are\r\n    currently available using NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Service (GIBS) and Worldview browsing tool.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Build a Cloud-Free Animation</em>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n    (GIBS): Clouds are one of the biggest challenges in dealing with optical satellite imagery. Satellite imagery allows us to observe changes on Earth’s\r\n    surface over time, but clouds prevent us from detecting boundaries. This sub-challenge asks you to build cloud-free animations of any location on Earth.\r\n    You will need a few clear days for the region and time range you select. You can also specify spatial extent and time range interactively through a map\r\n    interface.\r\n    \r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Share a Satellite Story</em>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n(GIBS / Worldview)<strong>: </strong>Satellite imagery when viewed over time is powerful, such as NASA’s    <a href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=82071\">Earth Observatory</a> “View Image Comparison” option. This sub-challenge asks\r\n    you to develop a user interface to select an arbitrary geographic region, a set of satellite products, and a set of time steps, which illustrate a change\r\n    (think tracking hurricanes across the ocean, wildfires spreading, snow melting, deforestation in the tropics). After the user makes their selections, the\r\n    imagery can be animated on-screen, bringing the story to life. That’s only a preview, though - once the user is happy with their story, they can click a\r\n    button to upload it to a video sharing site and share it with the world.\r\n \r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Knock Our Socks Off</em>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n    (GIBS / Worldview):<strong> </strong>Using the GIBS API or Worldview open source code, create a capability of your choice using GIBS or Worldview.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    GIBS is continually updated throughout the day with the latest imagery (often available within four hours of acquisition from the satellites), providing\r\nthe capability to address time-sensitive problems as well as ones which span many months. Think of GIBS as the<ins cite=\"mailto:McMahon,%20Ethan%20M.%20(HQ-JA000)[Affiliate]\" datetime=\"2014-03-05T17:30\">map </ins>API and Worldview as    <ins cite=\"mailto:McMahon,%20Ethan%20M.%20(HQ-JA000)[Affiliate]\" datetime=\"2014-03-05T17:30\">a map display application</ins>. GIBS serves full-resolution\r\n    NASA imagery to any client that requests it; Worldview is a client that provides an interface to interactively pan and zoom the imagery requested from\r\n    GIBS. In addition, GIBS/Worldview can view imagery from Arctic and Antarctic perspectives to provide “full Earth” coverage.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Build a Cloud-Free Animation</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Use the daily MODIS Corrected Reflectance or Surface Reflectance (Terra or Aqua) imagery products served by GIBS.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Provide the ability for the user to select arbitrary spatial bounds and a time range.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · The output is a series of dates that meet the user’s input criteria.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Selection of spatial bounds and time range with an interactive mapping client.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Cloud-free imagery output is played back onscreen as an animation.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Select the maximum percentage of cloud cover allowable for a given day.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    You may be able apply image processing techniques directly to GIBS imagery using the various spectral bands measured by MODIS. See “What do the different\r\n    band combinations mean” in the <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/data/near-real-time-data/faq/rapid-response\">Rapid Response FAQ</a> (e.g., the MODIS\r\n    3-6-7 bands show clouds as white and peach).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Share a Satellite Story</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    User must be able to interactively select an arbitrary geographic region, set of satellite products (Terra and Aqua/MODIS Corrected Reflectance are good\r\n    starting points), and set of time steps. The user must be able to select non-consecutive time steps which will allow them to pick the imagery that best\r\n    tells their story.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Once the user makes their selections, the resulting set of time steps can be animated onscreen as a preview. Basic animation controls such as playback\r\n    speed and looping should be included.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nA “Publish” button should be included which publishes the video to a    <ins cite=\"mailto:McMahon,%20Ethan%20M.%20(HQ-JA000)[Affiliate]\" datetime=\"2014-03-05T17:33\">video sharing </ins>site. This sub-challenge is inspired by\r\n    the capabilities pioneered by <a href=\"http://helioviewer.org/\">Helioviewer.org</a>. There are websites that provide advanced movie generation capabilities\r\n    by being able to pan, zoom, loop, and more.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Knock Our Socks Off</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Use the <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/gibs\">GIBS API</a> or extend <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/worldview\">Worldview</a> to do something\r\nawesome! If you’re feeling particularly adventurous and want to modify the GIBS server or API itself,    <a href=\"https://github.com/nasa-gibs/onearth\">the source code is available</a>.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    NASA GIBS: <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/gibs\">https://earthdata.nasa.gov/gibs</a><a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/gibs\"></a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Sample client 1 using NASA GIBS: <a href=\"https://github.com/nasa-gibs/gibs-web-examples\">https://github.com/nasa-gibs/gibs-web-examples</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nSample client 2 using NASA GIBS:<a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients\">https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients</a>    <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients\"></a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nNASA Worldview app: <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/worldview\">https://earthdata.nasa.gov/worldview</a>    <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/worldview\"></a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    NASA ECHO (metadata API): <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/echo\">https://earthdata.nasa.gov/echo</a><a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/echo\"></a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    OpenLayers Mapping library: <a href=\"http://ol3js.org/\">http://ol3js.org/</a> and <a href=\"http://openlayers.org/\">http://openlayers.org/</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/gibs\">Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS)</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    GIBS available products (e.g., MODIS Land Surface Temperature):\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Available+Imagery+Products\">\r\n        https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Available+Imagery+Products\r\n    </a>\r\n    <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Available+Imagery+Products\"></a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nGIBS access methods (e.g., WMTS, KML):<a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Access+Methods\">https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Access+Methods</a>    <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Access+Methods\"></a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    GIBS supported clients:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients\">https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients</a>\r\n    <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients\"></a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    GIBS metadata is scattered across many sites including\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients\">h</a>\r\n    <a href=\"http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/products.html\">ttp://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/products.html</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a href=\"http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n    <a href=\"http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/\"></a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nWorldview: GIBS client: <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\">https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/</a>    <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\"></a>\r\n</p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Climate and My Neighborhood ": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #climatehood</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"e1828d888c809584808f858c988f84888689838e93898e8e85a19291808284809191928289808d8d848f8684cf8e9386\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Data Visualization, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    What apps would you build if you had access to climate projections for the rest of this century? How would you visualize these climate projections and\r\n    their impacts to effectively engage policy makers, managers, planners, educators, and the general public? This challenge focuses on the creation of a\r\n    visualization interface (mobile app or a web app accessible on a mobile platform) that would allow location-specific access to climate data sets using\r\n    coordinates specified by the user, or from Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates available from mobile devices. Applications could combine the\r\n    climate datasets with other datasets (for example, maps of sea level rise) or models (for example, relationships between daily maximum temperature and\r\n    electricity demand and pricing) to provide localized information on climate impacts. See what creative data uses and visualizations you can find.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Global models of the climate system are now the foundation for many important climate studies, but they typically quantify climate changes at very large\r\n    geographic scales, on the order of 100 to 250 kilometers (62 to 155 miles). Using supercomputing resources to analyze the latest generation of global\r\n    climate scenarios, NASA recently released monthly climate projections for the coterminous United States at a spatial scale of one half mile (800 meters).\r\n    This climate dataset, known as the NASA Earth Exchange Downscaled Climate Projections at 30 arc-seconds (NEX-DCP30), provides a view of future U.S.\r\n    temperature and precipitation patterns based on four different greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, spanning the period from 1950 to 2099, at the spatial\r\n    scale of an individual neighborhood. These high-resolution climate scenarios, derived from the best physical models of the climate system available, make\r\n    it easier for resource managers to quantify anticipated climate change impacts on a wide range of conditions and resources important to local communities,\r\n    such as water supplies and winter snow packs, public health and the spread of insect-borne diseases, flood risk and potential impacts to critical urban\r\n    infrastructure, wildfire frequency and severity, agricultural production, and wildlife and biodiversity. Other federal agencies have already leveraged this\r\n    massive dataset and distilled the information into easily-understood maps, summaries and spreadsheet compatible data files for each state and county in the\r\nUnited States. The<a href=\"http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/image/president27sclimateactionplan.pdf\"> </a>    <a href=\"http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/image/president27sclimateactionplan.pdf\">President’s Climate Action Plan</a><u> </u>launched a\r\n    Climate Data Initiative on June 15, 2013 to leverage extensive federal climate-relevant data to stimulate innovation and private-sector entrepreneurship in\r\n    support of national climate-change preparedness<em>. </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Mobile app or a web application accessible by a mobile device;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Visualizations of climate projections and/or impacts for a specific region based on geographic coordinates entered by the user or available from the GPS of\r\n    the mobile device;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Applications that combine the NASA climate datasets with other information to quantify location-specific climate change impacts; and\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Visualizations that use data, maps, and images in the public domain.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The solution could contain a brief description of the app or the mashup goal and design, a story of why this visualization/app/mashup is important and what\r\n    insights or future capabilities it provides with regard to understanding climate impacts in our neighborhoods or cities; as well as descriptions and links\r\n    to open source tools used in the development and for other data, images, API used by the app.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/portal_home/published/NEX.html\">http://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/portal_home/published/NEX.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://nex.nasa.gov/OpenNEX/\">https://nex.nasa.gov/OpenNEX/</a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://nex.nasa.gov/OpenNEX/\"><em>‎</em></a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://nex.nasa.gov/OpenNEX/\"> </a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://nex.nasa.gov/OpenNEX/\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/portal_home/published/NEX-DCP30_Tech_Note_v0.pdf\">\r\n            https://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/portal_home/published/NEX-DCP30_Tech_Note_v0.pdf\r\n        </a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/portal_home/published/NEX-DCP30_Tech_Note_v0.pdf\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://nex.nasa.gov/nex/resources/264\">https://nex.nasa.gov/nex/resources/264</a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://nex.nasa.gov/nex/resources/264\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/clu_rd/nex-dcp30.asp\">http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/clu_rd/nex-dcp30.asp</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/clu_rd/nex-dcp30.asp\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2013/11/process-earth-science-data-on-aws-with-nasa-nex.html\">\r\n            http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2013/11/process-earth-science-data-on-aws-with-nasa-nex.html\r\n        </a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2013/11/process-earth-science-data-on-aws-with-nasa-nex.html\">\r\n            http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2013/11/process-earth-science-data-on-aws-with-nasa-nex.html\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Coastal Inundation in Your Community ": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #coastalinundation</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"1e7d717f6d6a7f7277706b707a7f6a7771705e6d6e7f7d7b7f6e6e6d7d767f72727b70797b30716c79\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Data Visualization, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Coastal communities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to the risk of damage and danger from flooding. We only have to remember the recent impact of\r\n    Hurricane Sandy on communities in the northeast to see the potential damage that a single storm can cause. Your challenge is to create tools and provide\r\n    information so communities can prepare for coastal inundation. Through the use of data, visualization, citizen engagement, and simulations, you can help\r\n    people understand their exposure to coastal inundation hazards and their increased vulnerability due to population increase and sea level rise.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways your tool could be used:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Help coastal businesses determine if they are currently at risk from coastal inundation and if they will be impacted in the future due to sea level rise\r\n    and coastal erosion;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Help coastal communities determine if they are in an existing or future floodplain.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Identify the potential impacts of future coastal inundation risks to Federal facilities;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Help coastal communities visualize the impacts from coastal inundation on their most vulnerable locations and populations; and\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Use data gathered by citizens to measure the effects of coastal inundation, coastal erosion, and sea level rise at specific coastal locations. Compare\r\n    the results to satellite data and models of expected impacts.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Coastal inundation is the flooding of normally dry, low-lying coastal land, primarily caused by severe weather events along the coast, estuaries, and\r\n    adjoining rivers. These flood events are some of the more frequent, costly, and deadly hazards that can impact coastal communities. You can see the basics\r\n    about coastal inundation at this site:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a href=\"http://www.csc.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/inundation/understand\">http://www.csc.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/inundation/understand</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    In order to prepare for coastal inundation, decision makers and citizens need to understand the potential risks and plan ahead. This link provides\r\n    background about preparedness: <a href=\"http://www.stormsurge.noaa.gov/preparedness.html\">http://www.stormsurge.noaa.gov/preparedness.html</a>. Other\r\n    tools, like the <a href=\"https://www.csc.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/tools/snapshots\">Coastal County Snapshots - Flood Exposure tool</a>, let users see\r\n    county-specific data for a coastal county of interest.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Many datasets are now available from the Federal Government that illustrate the hazards of coastal inundation. In the spring of 2014, as part of the\r\n    Climate Data Initiative, the Federal Government will bring together datasets that relate to coastal vulnerability and future climate impacts on flooding\r\n    and make them available on\r\n    <a href=\"http://climate.data.gov\">\r\n        climate.data.gov\r\n    </a>\r\n    , planned for March 19, 2014. The data will come from agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Aeronautic\r\n    and Space Administration (NASA), the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA), the Geological Survey (USGS), the Environmental Protection Agency\r\n    (EPA), the Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the Department of Defense (DOD). The goal is to leverage data to stimulate innovation and private sector\r\n    entrepreneurship to advance the preparedness of communities, companies and citizens for the immediate impacts of coastal inundation and future flood risk.\r\n    The Climate Data Initiative will later expand to include other climate risks and impacts such as heat waves and droughts.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas </strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Retrieve data about coastal inundation, sea level rise, or coastal erosion, and social and economic vulnerability from the federal government sources\r\n    below;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Present or visualize data that shows potential coastal inundation in a specific community; and\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    · Enable citizens to gather data about coastal inundation, for example, the condition of evacuation routes, the sources of response and resilience as well\r\n    as vulnerability in their neighborhoods, the community landmarks, venues, and businesses that could be affected by floods. This could be done in\r\n    partnership with community mapping platforms, for example, or with your local community service organizations or government which will allow users to\r\n    compare to data from citizen scientists, satellites, and models.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://hazards.fema.gov/femaportal/NFHL/\">https://hazards.fema.gov/femaportal/NFHL/</a>\r\n        <strong></strong>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://fema.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=cbe088e7c8704464aa0fc34eb99e7f30\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n            http://fema.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=cbe088e7c8704464aa0fc34eb99e7f30\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.csc.noaa.gov/slr\">http://www.csc.noaa.gov/slr</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ArcGISPUB/rest/services/dc_slr\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ArcGISPUB/rest/services/dc_slr</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://marine.usgs.gov/coastalchangehazardsportal/\">http://marine.usgs.gov/coastalchangehazardsportal/</a>\r\n        <strong></strong>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://maps.csc.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/Roadmap/RoadmapPilot_HazardComposite/MapServer\">\r\n            <em>http://maps.csc.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/Roadmap/RoadmapPilot_HazardComposite/MapServer</em>\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ArcGISPUB/rest/services/dc_slr/Flood_Frequency/MapServer\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n            http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ArcGISPUB/rest/services/dc_slr/Flood_Frequency/MapServer\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ArcGISPUB/rest/services/sovi/sovi_blockgroups/MapServer\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n            http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ArcGISPUB/rest/services/sovi/sovi_blockgroups/MapServer\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://csc.noaa.gov/ArcGISPUB/rest/services/enow\" target=\"_blank\">http://csc.noaa.gov/ArcGISPUB/rest/services/enow</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://climate.data.gov/climate/climate-resources\">http://climate.data.gov/climate/climate-resources</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Community Visions of Climate Adaptation": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #communityvisions</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"7e1d1113130b10170a0708170d1711100d3e0d0e1f1d1b1f0e0e0d1d161f12121b10191b50110c19\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n\t<strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n\t<br>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tCreate an app, web interactive, map, 3D model, or visualization for actionable community plans about climate adaptation to better enable communities to\r\n\tprepare for weather and climate patterns. You can base your plans on the latest scientific data from sources like the National Climate Assessment, the 2007\r\n\tIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report, or the 2012 EPA Climate Indicators Report. Work with community residents, urban planners, and city\r\n\tofficials to create these plans so they are realistic and reflect community needs. You can use scientific visualizations, imagery, data, graphics, and\r\n\tartist renderings as motivation and inputs for creating detailed maps and plans of action for the next ten, twenty, or fifty years.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tPotential questions to consider in developing your plan:\r\n\t<br>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tWhat does a community that has adapted to climate look like? What does a resilient community look like?\r\n\t<br>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tWhat is the house of the future? What socioeconomic interactions need to happen in order to put these plans into action? What community and physical\r\n\tinfrastructures need to be rebuilt, repurposed, or reimagined to prepare for climate impacts? What decisions need to be made to achieve this? How might we\r\n\texpress climate preparedness in other ways than graphs, numbers, and scenarios?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<strong>Background</strong>\r\n\t<strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tCommunities already are adapting to or preparing for change in weather patterns. For example, entire villages in Alaska are being relocated to adapt to\r\n\treceding coastlines (<a href=\"http://nca2009.globalchange.gov/\">2009 National Climate Assessment</a>). Communities can prepare for changes like these by\r\n\treviewing the latest science and planning ahead. They can use projections from climate models to understand the potential impacts on their community. For\r\n\texample, do a large percentage of senior citizens exist who are vulnerable to high temperatures? Communities also can evaluate if their infrastructure can\r\n\thandle changes, for example, assessing their bridges and roads to see if they are high enough to handle potential floods. With this information in hand,\r\n\tcommunities can decide what actions they are ready to take and when to take those actions. The actions can be presented in the form of formal action plans,\r\n\tmaps, 3D models, or other ways that will help people make informed decisions.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tHere are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· Review the scientific data and models about how climate could change in your community;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· Assess the potential impacts on your community, such as impact of higher water flow or higher temperatures to citizens;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· Engage community groups and other parties to ensure that they are represented in the decision making process for your community's future;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· Display community plans as detailed community plans and maps, interactive videos, community environmental impact calculators; and/or\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t· Consider creating websites that crowdsource community ideas about climate adaptation.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n\t<strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html\">http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http://nca2009.globalchange.gov/\">http://nca2009.globalchange.gov/</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators/\">http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators/</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"https://nex.nasa.gov/OpenNEX/%5F\">https://nex.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"https://nex.nasa.gov/OpenNEX/%5F\"><strong>OpenNEX</strong></a>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"https://nex.nasa.gov/OpenNEX/%5F\">/‎</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/portal_home/published/NEX.html\">http://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/portal_home/published/NEX.html</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/clu_rd/nex%1fdcp30.asp\">http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/clu_rd/nex­dcp30.asp</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/clu_rd/projects/downscale.asp\">http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/clu_rd/projects/downscale.asp</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"https://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/portal_home/published/NEX-DCP30_Tech_Note_v0.pdf\">\r\n\t\t\thttps://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/portal_home/published/NEX-DCP30_Tech_Note_v0.pdf\r\n\t\t</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"https://nex.nasa.gov/nex/resources/264\">https://nex.nasa.gov/nex/resources/264</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/\">http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http://climate.nasa.gov/\">http://climate.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\t<a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\">https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/</a>\r\n\t</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\"></a>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Cool it! ": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #coolit</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"7b18141417120f3b080b1a181e1a0b0b0818131a17171e151c1e5514091c\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware, Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This challenge is about bringing together hardware builders, coders, engineers, social scientists, teachers, and community members. Create a sensor kit to\r\n    measure temperature and relative humidity in several locations in real time. Or, create a real-time micronet of sensor kits and use their data to\r\n    understand local environmental conditions. This data could even be used to educate the community about the urban heat island effect, weather, and climate.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    There are many potential ways to participate in this challenge:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    1) <strong>Hardware: </strong>Prototype and build a low-cost, open source temperature sensor kit to measure temperature and relative humidity.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    2) <strong>Software and Data Visualization:</strong> Build a way to network the kits into a micronet. Create tools like interactive websites to use the\r\n    data from the kits and micronets once deployed.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    3) <strong>Courseware:</strong> Work with teachers to create modules to educate people about climate, microclimate and the urban heat island effects that\r\n    would use a temperature micronet and touch on science, reading, social studies and geography.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    4) <strong>Impact:</strong> Create concepts for community actions that can be taken to proactively address information gathered, such as warning community\r\n    residents about extreme heat events. Develop apps that enable a community to create natural community cooling stations.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>\r\n        <br>\r\n    </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The heat island effect is described as a significant temperature difference between urban areas and surrounding rural areas. According to the U.S.\r\n    Environmental Protection Agency, “the annual mean air temperature of a city with 1 million people or more can be 1.8 to 5.4°F (1 to 3°C) warmer than its\r\nsurroundings. On a clear, calm night, however, the temperature difference can be as much as 22°F (12°C).” (    <a href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection#bed6cacace849191c9c9c990dbcedf90d9d1c891d6dbdfcad7cdd2dfd0da91dfdcd1cbca91d7d0dadbc690d6cad3\">EPA Heat Island Effect Basic Information page</a>). Increased urban temperatures lead\r\n    to increased energy consumption and costs for air conditioning, summertime peak energy demand, and air pollution, as well as increased heat-related illness\r\n    and mortality.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Temperature and relative humidity sensors are coming down in cost and the ability to network them has been piloted. The opportunity is for you to think of\r\n    new and actionable ways in which these data can help communities prepare for changes like the heat island effect.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em> </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Hardware: Sensor kit (sensors)</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Potential target time resolution on temperature and relative humidity data with approximately one reading every ten minutes; target accuracy with\r\n    temperature--+/- 1 degree centigrade; relative humidity--+/- 2-5%; communicate with the micronet; strive to be low cost with deployment of many sensors in\r\n    a single community envisioned; sensors could potentially leverage presence of existing platforms in communities (smartphones, etc.); use data standards so\r\n    the data are interoperable; post technical drawings and pictures of the hardware in public locations so they can be shared; and bring your own component\r\n    hardware. <em>Make sure to bring what you think you’ll need!</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Software: Micronet and Data Visualization</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Build open source databases, user interfaces, software back ends, and micronets that use standards for data read/write (potentially with the Sensor\r\n    Observation Service). For the micronet, consider a user interface and backend that could be used to manage the network of climate kits and data collected.\r\n    For websites, consider data displays from network of sensors with interactive display functionality to allow people to zoom in to specific times, places,\r\n    and time durations. Potentially create a map, perhaps layered with an API that allows users to see a spatial distribution and make comparisons. Be creative\r\n    in how you present the data! Use cool graphics if you can.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Courseware: Climate and urban heat island course module</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Solutions for courseware could include a writeup of the curriculum plan/course. Courseware could cover questions like:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    How can the data be used to illustrate temporal and spatial variability in temperature and climate? How do you build data from the daily and local to the\r\n    climatological, regional, and global? Are certain places always warmer or cooler than others? How do the data you gather fit in historical context and\r\n    future climate projections? What is the urban heat island effect? What are the causes of it? How is it exacerbated by changes in climate? What is the\r\n    effect of sunlight on buildings and pavements? How do they store heat? How do you distinguish between weather events like heat waves and climate trends?\r\n    What are the public health outcomes of the urban heat island effect? How can you make where you live cooler? What actions can be taken to make your\r\n    community more climate resilient? How can the data you gather through your micronet be used for community and student education and climate-related action?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>Impact: City Alert apps</em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create apps that use synthesized micronet data and make the data interpretable and actionable. Consider creating creative community alert systems that can\r\n    help people understand when local conditions are too hot. For example, AirNow mashes air quality data together, and provides air quality indices that\r\n    provide easily understandable gradations of air quality. Maybe have green/yellow/red indicators for the urban heat island? Determine what best fits for\r\n    your community. Think about where hot spots are in in your community and how to transform these areas into green spots that can cool the surrounding areas.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/heatisland/about/index.htm\">\r\nhttp://www.epa.gov/heatisland/about/index.htm </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://yosemite.epa.gov/gw/heatisland.nsf/webpages/HIRI_Initiatives.html\">\r\n            http://yosemite.epa.gov/gw/heatisland.nsf/webpages/HIRI_Initiatives.html\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.airnow.gov\">http://www.airnow.gov</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greenapps/\">http://www.epa.gov/greenapps/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sensorml#schemas\">http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sensorml#schemas</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://schemas.opengis.net/sensorML/1.0.1/base.xsd\">http://schemas.opengis.net/sensorML/1.0.1/base.xsd</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sensorml\">http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sensorml</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sos\">http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sos</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Earth As Art": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #earthasart</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"d0b5b1a2a4b8b1a3b1a2a490a3a0b1b3b5b1a0a0a3b3b8b1bcbcb5beb7b5febfa2b7\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Over the decades, Earth-observing environmental satellites have provided invaluable information and beautiful images of the Earth from the vantage point of\r\n    space. The challenge is to create a way for people to find beautiful images in the Earth-observing satellite image archives, nominate them, and let people\r\n    vote for their favorites. An app might allow people to suggest and vote on new places or phenomena for Earth-observing satellites to collect images. The\r\n    app can also let people select images to create their own personal “image albums” and then share images and albums.\r\n</p>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    NASA created an e-book and mobile app called Earth as Art that features 75 stunning images of Earth from several satellites. Sensors on these satellites\r\n    can measure light outside of the visible range, so the images show more than what is visible to the naked eye. The images are intended for viewing\r\n    enjoyment rather than scientific interpretation.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This is your chance to make an app that lets people make their own images they select. It’s also an opportunity to leverage crowdsourcing techniques to\r\n    select the images or share the albums. You can use images from the archives of imagery for Terra, Landsat, Aqua, EO-1, and Suomi NPP satellites. You can\r\n    even use images that are not true-color.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create a web app or mobile app that lets people choose a set of images they want to display. The app could let people group images of specific places; a\r\n    single country, continent, or phenomenon; features like watersheds, coastlines, or deserts; or time sequences of a single location.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create a way for people to combine the images into an e-book or other type of image album perhaps by using such services that are available on the\r\n    Internet. Allow people to print, store, or share these photo collections.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create a web app or mobile app that enables people to nominate and vote for their favorite images or on others’ photo albums.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    An app might allow people to suggest and vote on new places or phenomena for Earth-observing satellites to collect images, or include the top images in a\r\n    book or website.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Earth as Art e-book and mobile app:\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/connect/ebooks/earth_art_detail.html#.UuWvZWQo5aE\">\r\n            http://www.nasa.gov/connect/ebooks/earth_art_detail.html#.UuWvZWQo5aE\r\n        </a>\r\n        <u></u>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Earth as Art collection hosted by the USGS EROS Data Center: <a href=\"http://eros.usgs.gov/imagegallery/\">http://eros.usgs.gov/imagegallery/</a><u></u>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        LANDSAT 8: <a href=\"http://landsat.usgs.gov/landsat8.php\">http://landsat.usgs.gov/landsat8.php</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        ASTER: <a href=\"http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/data.asp\">http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/data.asp</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        EO-1: <a href=\"http://eo1.usgs.gov/\">http://eo1.usgs.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        MODIS: <a href=\"http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/\">http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        AQUA: <a href=\"http://aqua.nasa.gov/science/images_data.php\">http://aqua.nasa.gov/science/images_data.php</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Direct Readout Laboratory (direct broadcasts): <a href=\"http://directreadout.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">http://directreadout.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Earth observatory: <a href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/\">http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<br>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Earth Images From Space Station": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #imagespacestation</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"43262231372b2a2e2224263025312c2e3033222026303722372a2c2d03303322202622333330202b222f2f262d24266d2c3124\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create an app that locates publically available Space Station images of Earth and presents them on a 2- or 3-dimensional map. Viewers can comment, vote,\r\n    download, and share the images. One of the cameras onboard is the iSERV – short for International Space Station SERVIR Environmental Research and\r\n    Visualization System. ISERV's primary targets are areas threatened by or already experiencing floods, landslides, forest fires, earthquakes, or other\r\n    disasters. Currently, over 1100 geo-referenced ISERV images are available through the Global Hydrology Resource Center (GHRC) Distributed Active Archive\r\n    Centers (DAAC). Other images are available that have been taken of Earth by astronauts onboard Station. All are accessible and usable.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The International Space Station, circling the Earth once every 93 minutes, offers a unique observing platform with nearly 95 percent of the Earth’s\r\n    populated area visible from the space station orbit. Six crew members, representing the 15 partner nations, live and work onboard Station for six months at\r\n    a time. Taking images of Earth is one of their favorite jobs and hobbies. ISERV complements the human touch. ISERV images are currently available via the\r\n    Global Hydrology Resource Center (one of NASA’s Distributed Active Archive Centers located in Huntsville, AL). The images are geo-referenced and in zip\r\n    format, which include JPG and JGW files.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create a web or mobile app that lets people locate and view astronaut and ISERV imagery on a 2D/3D global map with viewable image metadata, such as date\r\n    and time of acquisition, location (lat/long), etc. Users can choose a set of images they want to display, group images of specific places (a single\r\n    country, continent, or phenomena; features like watersheds, coastlines, or deserts; or time sequences of a single location). Allow users to comment,\r\n    nominate and vote for their favorite images; and print, download, and share images via social networking sites. One option could allow users to view\r\n    favorite images of the week or month.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        NASA Space Station Mission Images and Videos:\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/multimedia/index.html#.Ux_DYP2DHEE\">\r\n            http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/multimedia/index.html#.Ux_DYP2DHEE\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Human Spaceflight Images: <a href=\"http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/index.html\">http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/index.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        ISERV-GHRC DAAC image archive: <a href=\"ftp://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/pub/iserv/data/L0/\">ftp://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/pub/iserv/data/L0/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n   ISERV image naming format and related information: <a href=\"ftp://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/pub/iserv/doc/\">ftp://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/pub/iserv/doc/</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Earth Observation Visualization": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #earthobserviz</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"87e2e6f5f3efe8e5f4e2f5f1e6f3eee8e9f1eef4f2e6ebeefde6f3eee8e9c7f4f7e6e4e2e6f7f7f4e4efe6ebebe2e9e0e2a9e8f5e0\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Combine the wealth of data about conditions on Earth with the technology to display that information on a globe. Design a way to visualize live Earth\r\n    observation data on a web app or a mobile app. You could use new technologies to visualize wind, pressure, wave height, thermal, UV levels, or other Earth\r\n    observation data on a 3D globe right in your web browser. The app’s main users could be space scientists, Earth scientists, and students.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    NASA provides a large amount of Earth observation data in near real-time, for example, temperature, precipitation, clouds, ozone, sulphur dioxide, snow\r\n    cover, wildfires and many more. There are examples of presenting wind speeds around the globe. Something similar for other environmental data would be\r\n    beneficial.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Could this tool be used in schools, in research or other areas?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:<strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The app should allow users to: input the coordinates on earth to extract local data values; retrieve Earth observation data in near real-time; visualize\r\n    Earth observation data globally and locally (e.g. zoom); and provide an interactive globe or map with data visualization layers\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\n<li> Earth Null School, visualization of wind on the Earth surface: <a href=\"http://earth.nullschool.net/\">http://earth.nullschool.net/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n   Land Atmosphere Near Real-time Capability for EOS:    <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/data/near-real-time-data\">https://earthdata.nasa.gov/data/near-real-time-data</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Gravity Map": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #gravitymap</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"9afde8fbecf3eee3f7fbeadae9eafbf9fffbeaeae9f9f2fbf6f6fff4fdffb4f5e8fd\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create an app that displays the gravity force for any location on Earth. Grab data about gravity around the world on a gravity map, or geoid, and use\r\n    positioning data to show gravity at any location. You also could add information about the GOCE mission or other missions, and extend the capabilities to\r\n    include magnetic field data from the SWARM mission.\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n   The geoid is a smooth but highly irregular surface that corresponds not to the actual surface of the Earth's crust, but to a surface which can only be known through extensive gravitational measurements and calculations. Missions such as GRACE and GOCE have measured gravitation from Space and allow a precise description of the geoid, or in other words: produce a gravity map of Earth. Recently the SWARM mission has been launched to also map the magnetic field around our Earth.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p><u>Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:</u></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li> - User specifies a location on Earth</li>\r\n<li>- Mobile app or web app displays the gravitational field at that location</li>\r\n<li>- You can show variations in gravity based on the location of the moon on a specific date and time.</li>\r\n<li>- Use positioning data to show local gravity force</li>\r\n<li>- Options: show gravity or gravity maps of other planets, maybe in comparison to Earth’s gravity</li>\r\n\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample resources</strong>\r\n\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n   ESA GOCE: <a href=\"http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/GOCE\">http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/GOCE</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li> NASA GRACE: <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/Grace/\">http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/Grace/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>ESA SWARM: <a href=\"http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/The_Living_Planet_Programme/Earth_Explorers/Swarm\"> http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/The_Living_Planet_Programme/Earth_Explorers/Swarm\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    Earth Wind Visualization: <a href=\"http://earth.nullschool.net/\">http://earth.nullschool.net/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Image-ine Earth Yesterday and Today": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #imagineearth</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"640d0905030d0a01010516100c24171405070105141417070c050808010a03014a0b1603\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    What would you build if you had instantaneous imagery data of the Earth from the past decade? Using openly accessible access to Earth imagery from the past\r\n    and present create new ways to interact with NASA’s Earth imagery.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <br>\r\n    This challenge asks you to: (1) explore the capabilities of the current Global Imagery Browse Service (GIBS) and Worldview resources, (2) brainstorm and\r\n    design ways to use those resources, (3) create prototypes, and (4) suggest how this data could be made easier for others to use..\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <br>\r\n    Here are some potential ways to use NASA Earth imagery to get your creative juices flowing.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <u>Informing adventure sports:</u>\r\n    You want to go backcountry snowshoeing and there are no weather reports for the area. To help you decide whether or not this particular day might have snow\r\nbased on historical data and trends this time of year; you could look at recent and historical imagery on that day for the last 10 years.    <u>Enabling consumer choice:</u> Changing local environments might influence a variety of consumer decisions, such as where to buy a home. How might\r\n    commercial companies trying to facilitate purchasing decisions that are highly influenced by historical and future environmental conditions leverage Earth\r\n    imagery? <u>Documenting land cover change:</u> Applications could include documenting large-scale landscape changes through time such as urban growth,\r\n    riverbed course changes, the extent of flood zones, mountaintop removal mining, and wetlands reconstruction.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    NASA maintains and contributes to a collection of hundreds of terabytes of Earth observation imagery from our numerous satellites. NASA makes that imagery\r\n    available to scientists and the public to help to improve our understanding of Earth systems and climate. The types of imagery provided supports\r\n    applications in air quality, volcanic ash and smoke plumes, drought, dust storms, fires, floods, severe storms, shipping, and vegetation, among others.\r\n    Some of this imagery is currently made available in its full, native resolution through NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Service’s (GIBS) public API. GIBS\r\n    provides daily, global images covering mid-2012 through present for 100+ visualized data parameters, with ongoing activities to expand throughout the\r\n    entire historical record of each product. Many imagery products are continually updated throughout the current day with the latest imagery (often available\r\n    within four hours of acquisition from the satellites), providing the capability to address problems that are time-sensitive. The NASA Worldview browsing\r\n    tool provides an interface to interactively pan and zoom the entire set of imagery available in GIBS. In addition, GIBS and Worldview can view imagery from\r\nArctic and Antarctic perspectives to provide “full Earth” coverage. Here are some current ways these images are being used.<u>Visualizing the changing world</u>: Timelapses are a powerful way to show how change happens visually.    <u>Creating a cloud-free digital atlas of the Earth</u>: You can use imagery from GIBS and other satellite resources to find the best-available imagery for\r\nevery point on the Earth, and then stitch together that imagery to make a beautiful, seamless map.    <a href=\"http://www.wired.com/design/2013/05/a-cloudless-atlas/\"></a> <u>Building a mobile app to explore the Earth</u>: An independent developer built an\r\napp to browse NASA satellite imagery from GIBS.<a href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/the-world-daily/id522706360?mt=8\"></a>    <u>Capturing the Earth’s natural beauty</u>: Some online journals have found stunning imagery as captured by NASA satellites and viewable through\r\nWorldview.<a href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/imageo/2014/01/10/stunning-piece-earth-art-etched-water-ice/\"></a>    <u>Interactively exploring clouds and severe storms</u>: PBS NOVA Labs has created a citizen science and educational site dedicated to learning about\r\n    clouds and severe storms, such as “Reconstruct a Storm” and “Open Investigation,” to see how they encourage users to interactively explore storm properties\r\n    using GIBS.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em> </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    IMPORTANT NOTES:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    GIBS is an image API. NASA does not currently offer data-as-a-service at a single point of access like GIBS (a data API) but will insights generated from\r\n    this event and other user consultations in the development of the data API in the future. This challenge focuses on innovative uses for imagery, not the\r\n    underlying data. Imagery available through GIBS and Worldview are historical, not predictions or modeling products. The maximum spatial resolution (detail)\r\n    currently available in GIBS is 250 meters per pixel from the MODIS instrument. See <a href=\"http://1.usa.gov/1cDzLH4\">here for an example</a> of the best\r\n    detail available for the San Francisco Bay area and California’s Central Valley. Move the map a little to the east to see the Yosemite Rim Fire. Other\r\nproducts will eventually be added to GIBS including those that have a spatial resolution around 30 meters per pixel (<a href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=42758\">e.g., ASTER</a>). Most of NASA’s Earth observing satellites are in a<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_orbit\">polar orbit</a>. This means that imagery is often only captured once per day (<a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/viirs-globe-east.html\">see here</a> for an illustration and    <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polar_orbit.ogg\">here</a> for a movie). There is a tradeoff between the spatial resolution of a satellite\r\n    instrument and how much it covers the Earth on a given day. It is akin to flying in orbit with a handheld camera: you can either use the zoom lens and get\r\n    good detail for a small area or a wide angle lens for more coverage - but you can’t have them both. So a satellite product with coarser resolution (e.g.,\r\n    250m/pixel) will see most of the Earth every day, while a product with a finer resolution (e.g., 30m/pixel) will only see a small portion and only revisit\r\n    the same place every 16 days.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    For your information, here are some future capabilities of GIBS: GIBS is expanding the time range of MODIS products to begin in the year 2000 and continue\r\n    through the present; and\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    GIBS is expanding the number of products available including a full resolution, global <a href=\"http://weld.cr.usgs.gov/\">Landsat WELD</a> product.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n   <strong> Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    1) Create an overview of the use case to answer the following questions. What is the solution (tool or application) leveraging GIBS or Worldview seeking to\r\n    do? Who is the user? Why is this use case important? What important existing problem might this use case address?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    2) Create a preliminary solution design with a storyboard and wireframe user interface to describe the solution based on GIBS current or planned, future\r\n    capabilities. See the last section for a list of planned, future capabilities.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    3) Suggestions for ways to improve GIBS and/or Worldview. Teams can list specific recommendations for improving usefulness or outline specific hurdles they\r\n    encountered when trying to build their prototype. Teams can provide a description of the technical requirements that would be needed for the use case to\r\n    work if it doesn’t already. For instance, how would the imagery need to be made available? How often? In what format? What imagery specifically?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Solutions can contain the following:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    A working prototype of the solution; identification of open source tools the prototype builds upon or uses; and a list of other data/ imagery sources.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    :\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/gibs\">https://earthdata.nasa.gov/gibs</a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/gibs\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/worldview\">https://earthdata.nasa.gov/worldview</a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/worldview\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/gibs\">Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS)</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Available+Imagery+Products\">\r\n            https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Available+Imagery+Products\r\n        </a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Available+Imagery+Products\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Access+Methods\">https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Access+Methods</a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Access+Methods\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients\">https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients</a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://wiki.earthdata.nasa.gov/display/GIBS/GIBS+Supported+Clients\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/products.html\">http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/products.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/\"></a>\r\n        <a href=\"http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\">https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/</a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\"></a>\r\n        <a href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Leaf Me Alone": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #leafmealone</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"d7bbb2b6b1bab2b6bbb8b9b297a4a7b6b4b2b6a7a7a4b4bfb6bbbbb2b9b0b2f9b8a5b0\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\nGround-level ozone causes more damage to plants than all other air pollutants combined, including damage to food crops. (See    <a href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=12462\">the effect of ozone pollution on plants</a> for background.) One way to see the effects of this\r\n    air pollution is to evaluate the damage to leaves, also called stippling. Develop a tool to quantify and classify the amount of injury to the leaves of\r\n    ozone-sensitive plants.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The U.S. Department of Agriculture describes <a href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=12462\">the effect of ozone pollution on plants</a> as\r\n    follows: Ozone is formed in the troposphere when sunlight causes complex photochemical reactions involving oxides of nitrogen (NOx), volatile organic\r\n    hydrocarbons (VOC) and carbon monoxide that originate chiefly from gasoline engines and burning of other fossil fuels. Woody vegetation is another major\r\n    source of VOCs. NOx and VOCs can be transported long distances by regional weather patterns before they react to create ozone in the atmosphere, where it\r\n    can persist for several weeks.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Ozone enters leaves through stomata during normal gas exchange. As a strong oxidant, ozone (or secondary products resulting from oxidation by ozone such as\r\n    reactive oxygen species) causes several types of symptoms including chlorosis and necrosis. It is almost impossible to tell whether foliar chlorosis or\r\n    necrosis in the field is caused by ozone or normal senescence. Several additional symptom types are commonly associated with ozone exposure, however. These\r\n    include flecks (tiny light-tan irregular spots less than 1 mm diameter), stipples (small darkly pigmented areas approximately 2-4 mm diameter), bronzing,\r\n    and reddening.\r\n    <br>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Ozone symptoms usually occur between the veins on the upper leaf surface of older and middle-aged leaves, but may also involve both leaf surfaces\r\n    (bifacial) for some species. The type and severity of injury is dependent on several factors including duration and concentration of ozone exposure,\r\n    weather conditions and plant genetics.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Ozone exposure can lead to lower crop yields. The results of studies show that dicot species (soybean, cotton and peanut) are more sensitive to yield loss\r\n    caused by ozone than monocot species (sorghum, field corn and winter wheat).\r\n    <br>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The Ozone-Induced Foliar Injury Guide (in the resources section) includes many details related to this challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Take a picture, then calculate and display percent results. Advanced options would add display of surface ozone data for that location for the last five\r\n    days. If possible, you can add or display a satellite image for that area to provide context (i.e., Landsat Leaf Area Index or Normalized Difference\r\n    Vegetation Index).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The app could: guide a user through a protocol for taking a single leaf image; acquire a picture of a leaf through a smartphone camera; use the colors in\r\n    the photo to calculate the area of the leaf and determine the fraction of the leaf that has been injured by ozone. Present the results of the analysis\r\n    using the classification described on page 69 of the Ozone-Induced Foliar Injury Guide (link below) and present the last 5 days of surface ozone for the\r\n    user’s location.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Ozone-Induced Foliar Injury Guide:\r\n        <a href=\"http://science-edu.larc.nasa.gov/ozonegarden/pdf/Bio-guide-final-3_15_11.pdf\">\r\n            http://science-edu.larc.nasa.gov/ozonegarden/pdf/Bio-guide-final-3_15_11.pdf\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Ozone Garden website: (<a href=\"http://science-edu.larc.nasa.gov/ozonegarden/\">http://science-edu.larc.nasa.gov/ozonegarden/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        MY NASA DATA: <a href=\"http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov\">http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov</a><a href=\"http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov\"></a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        LANDSAT 8: <a href=\"http://landsat.usgs.gov/landsat8.php\">http://landsat.usgs.gov/landsat8.php</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        ASTER: <a href=\"http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/data.asp\">http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/data.asp</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        EO-1: <a href=\"http://eo1.usgs.gov/\">http://eo1.usgs.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        MODIS: <a href=\"http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/\">http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "My Sky Color": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #myskycolor</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"335e4a40584a505c5f5c4173404352505652434340505b525f5f565d54561d5c4154\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    Classifying the sky’s color is one way to indicate the level of aerosol loading in the atmosphere. Citizen scientist can help in this effort by recording\r\n    the color consistently so it can be used for analysis. Create a tool that lets people record the color of the sky using consistent and qualitative\r\n    standards at a specific location. The tool can compare results to the nearest data from Aeronet (AErosol RObotic NETwork) or similar sources, which could\r\n    be used to improve the accuracy of these networks.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Sky color is a way to provide a qualitative indication of aerosol loading in the atmosphere. It is an accessible way for students and others to observe the\r\n    environment, but the observations could benefit from a more quantitative way to record the information. People can gather sky color data in a consistent\r\n    manner (there is at least one sky color and visibility protocol) and compare it to the level of aerosols from air quality monitors.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Develop a method to use a smartphone camera to quantitatively assess sky color using sky color protocols; pull in the nearest Aeronet (or similar) data;\r\n    present the sky color and Aeronet information together for further analysis; and allow users to compare the data from a single location in different times\r\n    and locations.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        S’COOL: Observing Sky Color: <a href=\"http://scool.larc.nasa.gov/en_skycolor.html\">http://scool.larc.nasa.gov/en_skycolor.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Sky Viewer (see page 2):\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/teacher_resources/cloud_viewer_web.pdf\">\r\n            http://www.windows2universe.org/teacher_resources/cloud_viewer_web.pdf\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        What Color is Your Sky?: <a href=\"http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/what-color-is-your-sky/\">http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/what-color-is-your-sky/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Sky Color for Kids: <a href=\"http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/804-2/sky-color-for-kids/\">http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/804-2/sky-color-for-kids/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\nSky Conditions Activity:        <a href=\"http://scool.larc.nasa.gov/lesson_plans/SkyCondActFULLv2-2.pdf\">http://scool.larc.nasa.gov/lesson_plans/SkyCondActFULLv2-2.pdf</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\nAeronet Daily AOD Product from        <a href=\"http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/bamgomas_interactive\">http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/bamgomas_interactive</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\nGLOBE: Observing Visibility and Sky Color Protocol (    <a href=\"http://www.globe.gov/documents/348614/353086/atla-hazyskies.pdf\">http://www.globe.gov/documents/348614/353086/atla-hazyskies.pdf</a>)\r\n</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Print My Watershed": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #printwatershed</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"7b0b0912150f16020c1a0f1e0908131e1f3b080b1a181e1a0b0b0818131a17171e151c1e5514091c\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    3D models help many concepts and designs come to life—why not the environment? Create a 3D model of a watershed (also called a drainage basin) so you can\r\n    see rivers, streams, and different kinds of land cover like forests, farms, and impermeable surfaces.<strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <br>\r\n    Use elevation and other data to create outputs that can be fed to 3D printers using STereoLithography (STL) or other file formats. These maps can make a\r\n    watershed feel personal and help people feel a sense of responsibility for protecting it. Brainstorm ways to use these maps and models, such as in schools,\r\n    planning associations, and watershed protection organizations.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    It’s often hard for people to understand the boundaries of a watershed (drainage basin) of a river or stream. They may not understand what a watershed is\r\n    or how local activities affect a watershed. A three-dimensional model of watershed can show the relationships between several issues in one place. For\r\n    example, the model could show areas of a watershed where the water is clean, dirty, or vulnerable to being polluted. Or there could be several models of\r\n    the same watershed at different points in time. It would also be helpful to assist people in using these models by creating learning modules and guidance\r\n    documents.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The user can select a watershed or other area (i.e., the extent) to be printed; create an elevation model of the extent or a 3D model which could include\r\n    information such as city boundaries, water table, minds, types of vegetation, levels of pollution, soil moisture levels, population density. The models\r\n    could be printable in various sizes such as tabletop, 20 cm x 30 cm, or even keychains. You could create several models that show changes in a watershed\r\n    over time; learning modules for students or watershed associations; and/or two dimensional printouts of your watershed to print on tee shirts or wall maps.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\nUSGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) using the USGS National Map Viewer:<a href=\"http://nationalmap.gov/viewer.html\"> </a>    <a href=\"http://nationalmap.gov/viewer.html\">http://nationalmap.gov/viewer.html</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\nUS Interagency Elevation Inventory:<a href=\"http://www.csc.noaa.gov/inventory/\"> </a>    <a href=\"http://www.csc.noaa.gov/inventory/\">http://www.csc.noaa.gov/inventory/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    Watershed Boundary Dataset:<a href=\"http://nhd.usgs.gov/wbd.html\"> </a><a href=\"http://nhd.usgs.gov/wbd.html\">http://nhd.usgs.gov/wbd.html</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\nGeospatial Data Gateway:<a href=\"http://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/\"> </a>    <a href=\"http://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/\">http://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\nDensity Using Land Area For States, Counties, Metropolitan Areas, and Places:<a href=\"http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/density.html\"> </a>    <a href=\"http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/density.html\">http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/density.html</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    Digital Elevation data: <a href=\"http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov\">http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov</a>\n</li>\r\n<p></p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</ul>\n</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Take the Earth On a Hike: Offline Access To Remote Sensing Data": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #earthonahike</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"a9ddc8c2ccddc1ccccc8dbddc1c6c7c8c1c0c2cce9dad9c8caccc8d9d9dacac1c8c5c5ccc7cecc87c6dbce\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Hardware, Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Satellites put a ton of data in your hands, but it's hard to access without an Internet connection. Design an app that enables downloads of this data for\r\n    use in the field. The goal would be to enable people to find specific geographic features, gather data about them using smartphones, and—once they have\r\n    Internet access—upload them to a database. This might include the location, time the data were collected, descriptions, and other metadata.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <br>\r\n    The app could allow people to display remote sensing satellite imagery from the field to guide them to interesting features nearby, such as specific trees\r\n    and shrubs. Field observations of these features add complementary information that cannot be derived from remote sensing data alone, such as close-up\r\n    pictures of leaves, flowers, and fruits that enable scientists to correctly identify an organism. Additional data on features related to structure,\r\n    habitat, and phenology are also gathered. These data are archived in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.\r\n</p>\r\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Tens of thousands of naturalists share ground-truth remote sensing data by recording research-grade photo-vouchered observations of living things. There\r\n    are citizen science social networks that provide mobile apps and a Rails web app that they communicate; both are open source projects. To function while\r\n    offline, the mobile apps allow users to download field guides and other references from the web app when they have cellular connections so that the\r\n    resources are accessible offline. Likewise, observations made while offline can be synced up to the web app later, once cellular connections are restored.\r\n    This is a model for how remote sensing data could be downloaded in advance so it is accessible from the field.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a name=\"h.uon2z0ybd9sw\"></a>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    When the user has network access, the app could allow the user to interact with the existing map user interface to select imagery that can be downloaded\r\n    and cached for offline use<a name=\"h.s6iohue98o2x\"></a>; provide map information within a certain spatial extent<a name=\"h.gjdgxs\"></a>; and/or let people\r\n    gather and record data that can be uploaded to a database afterwards, ideally as a layer on the map.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul type=\"disc\">\r\n    <li>\r\n        iNaturalist website: <a href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">https://www.inaturalist.org</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\niNaturalist research-grade observations:        <a href=\"http://www.gbif.org/dataset/50c9509d-22c7-4a22-a47d-8c48425ef4a7\">http://www.gbif.org/dataset/50c9509d-22c7-4a22-a47d-8c48425ef4a7</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Rails site for sharing code: <a href=\"https://github.com/inaturalist\">https://github.com/inaturalist</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Track That Wetland": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #trackwetland</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"4f3b3d2e2c243b272e3b382a3b232e212b0f3c3f2e2c2a2e3f3f3c2c272e23232a21282a61203d28\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create an app that allows citizen scientists to observe plant communities within and outside of wetlands and delineate their boundaries, and evaluate\r\n    wetlands to validate or calibrate satellite data. The app could guide people to locate the edge of a wetland and upload the coordinates for a point at this\r\n    edge, perhaps with photographs and additional information. These points could be used to validate or calibrate high-resolution remote sensing products for\r\n    wetlands.<strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Wetlands can be defined as landscapes that are inundated permanently, periodically or intermittently with non-flowing water. They support plants that are\r\n    adapted to and dependent on living in wet conditions for at least part of their life cycle (so called wetland plants). Wetlands are important because they\r\n    support high biodiversity and supply a large and diverse number of services to local communities and support both regional and global economies. They play\r\n    a key role in the cycling methane and carbon dioxide and regulate regional hydrological cycles and climate. They act as areas of water filtration and\r\n    purification, nitrogen recycling, are culturally important and support tourism, which may be critically important to the livelihood in some regions.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    An observer on the ground can determine the boundaries of a wetland by evaluating where wetland plants and non-wetland plants are dominant. This requires\r\n    the capacity to distinguish between wetland plants and non-wetland plants. In most places a person with no knowledge of botany can do this very simply by\r\n    finding wet locations in the landscape and observing how the plants that grow in those locations differ from those that grow in dry locations. This task is\r\n    more difficult if the surface of the wetland is dry but often the same reasoning can be used. By identifying locations that show evidence of prolonged\r\n    inundation, an observer without any knowledge of botany may often be able to distinguish wetland plants from non-wetland plants and determine the boundary\r\n    of the wetland.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The app can best be used for two types of wetlands : 1) lacustrine wetlands, or “lake like: wetlands, 2) Plustrine or “marshy” - wetlands.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This app could allow users to upload coordinates of the edge of the wetted area using the Global Positioning System (GPS) function of the phone. A photo\r\n    taken at that point showing the wetland should also be uploaded.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    For an advanced version of the app: If the edge of the wetted area is difficult to access an observer can stand at a vantage point in the landscapes close\r\n    to the water as possible, then access a Google Earth or equivalent image on the mobile phone, identify a point at which the wetted area ends and upload the\r\n    coordinates for that location.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The user can be guided to spot at least one (preferably three) plants that appear to grow very well in the wetted area (or in areas that show evidence of\r\n    prolonged inundation) and are not found far away from areas that are wet (or show evidence of prolonged inundation). The user should be able to upload\r\n    photos of these plants and enter brief descriptions of the plants.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    For an advanced version of the app: the user<strong> </strong>can have the option of consulting online information on wetland plants to confirm that the\r\n    plants they chose are indeed wetland plants e.g. photo libraries of wetlands plants of the area, where such information is available.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    For a very advanced version of the app: the app can access the best resources available for identifying local wetland plants via the geographic coordinates\r\n    of the photograph. A directory of resources is available that includes information about the geographic area covered by each resource. All resources that\r\n    cover the location of the photograph may be extracted from a directory but the user will see these in on order of priority starting from the resource that\r\n    covers the smallest area (the resource that is most specific to the location of the photograph). The user can identify the resource used to identify\r\n    plants. An initial directory would be useful, so that users can add to this directory.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    For an advanced version of the app: the images may be submitted for examination by online volunteers with expertise in plant identification. Websites can\r\n    be linked to the app. This would be aided by information provided by the user on the resources consulted for plant identification as described above.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The app could guide users to locate the furthest point away from the water at which one of the wetland plants is observed (walking away from the wetted\r\n    area). The coordinates at this location can be uploaded alongside a photograph and a description of this wetland boundary (in modified landscapes this\r\n    could be a road, a fence a farm, etc.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The app could store observation sites in a database, making it an observation site to allow other observers (or the same observer visiting that wetland at\r\n    another time) to make observations at the same location, or establish new observation sites.<strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://freshwaterwatch.thewaterhub.org\">http://freshwaterwatch.thewaterhub.org</a>\r\n  \r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-about-faqs-what-are-wetlands/main/ramsar/1-36-37%5E7713_4000_0__\">\r\n            http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-about-faqs-what-are-wetlands/main/ramsar/1-36-37%5E7713_4000_0__\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://www.wetlands-initiative.org/why-wetlands/what-is-a-wetland.html\">\r\n            https://www.wetlands-initiative.org/why-wetlands/what-is-a-wetland.html\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.wetlands.org/Whatarewetlands/tabid/202/Default.aspx\">http://www.wetlands.org/Whatarewetlands/tabid/202/Default.aspx</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://worldwildlife.org/habitats/wetlands\">https://worldwildlife.org/habitats/wetlands</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://atlas.freshwaterbiodiversity.eu/index.php/explore/itemlist/category/38-wetlands\">\r\n            http://atlas.freshwaterbiodiversity.eu/index.php/explore/itemlist/category/38-wetlands\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/publications/lifepublications/lifefocus/documents/wetlands.pdf\">\r\n            http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/publications/lifepublications/lifefocus/documents/wetlands.pdf\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.senrm.sa.gov.au/Portals/10/PDF/Publications/WetlandsPlants-final.pdf\" title=\"http://www.senrm.sa.gov.au/Portals/10/PDF/Publications/WetlandsPlants-final.pdf\">\r\n            http://www.senrm.sa.gov.au/Portals/10/PDF/Publications/WetlandsPlants-final.pdf\r\n        </a>\r\n        \r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://wetlandinfo.ehp.qld.gov.au/wetlands/ecology/components/flora/flora-indicator-species-list.html\" title=\"http://wetlandinfo.ehp.qld.gov.au/wetlands/ecology/components/flora/flora-indicator-species-list.html\">\r\n            http://wetlandinfo.ehp.qld.gov.au/wetlands/ecology/components/flora/flora-indicator-species-list.html\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/landscapes-and-wetlands/aridwetlands\" title=\"http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/landscapes-and-wetlands/aridwetlands\">\r\n            http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/landscapes-and-wetlands/aridwetlands\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/internnsf/WebPages/RPIO-4Y58LM?open\" title=\"http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/internnsf/WebPages/RPIO-4Y58LM?open\">\r\n            http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/internnsf/WebPages/RPIO-4Y58LM?open\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/329308/041209-DPI-RWW-PLANT-GUIDE.pdf\" title=\"http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/329308/041209-DPI-RWW-PLANT-GUIDE.pdf\">\r\n            http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/329308/041209-DPI-RWW-PLANT-GUIDE.pdf\r\n        </a>\n</li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/ib_chapter_7__the_conservation_of_aquatic_and_wetland_plants_in_the_indo_burma_region.pdf\">\r\n            https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/ib_chapter_7__the_conservation_of_aquatic_and_wetland_plants_in_the_indo_burma_region.pdf\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/page.aspx?flora_vascular_flowering_plants_aquatic\" title=\"http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/page.aspx?flora_vascular_flowering_plants_aquatic\">\r\n            http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/page.aspx?flora_vascular_flowering_plants_aquatic\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.ehow.co.uk/list_7317072_common-species-wetland-plants.html\" title=\"http://www.ehow.co.uk/list_7317072_common-species-wetland-plants.html\">\r\n            http://www.ehow.co.uk/list_7317072_common-species-wetland-plants.html\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/plant-identification/\" title=\"http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/plant-identification/\">\r\n            http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/plant-identification/\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/herbarium/wetland_plants/wetland_plants01.htm\" title=\"https://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/herbarium/wetland_plants/wetland_plants01.htm\">\r\n            https://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/herbarium/wetland_plants/wetland_plants01.htm\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/florawe/\" title=\"http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/florawe/\">\r\n            http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/florawe/\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=GCMD&amp;KeywordPath=Parameters%7CLAND+SURFACE%7CLANDSCAPE%7CRECLAMATION%2FREVEGETATION%2FRESTORATION&amp;OrigMetadataNode=GCMD&amp;EntryId=USDA_NRCS_monocots&amp;MetadataView=Full&amp;MetadataType=0&amp;lbnode=mdlb5\" title=\"http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=GCMD&amp;KeywordPath=Parameters%7CLAND+SURFACE%7CLANDSCAPE%7CRECLAMATION%2FREVEGETATION%2FRESTORATION&amp;OrigMetadataNode=GCMD&amp;EntryId=USDA_NRCS_monocots&amp;MetadataView=Full&amp;MetadataType=0&amp;lbnode=mdlb5\">\r\n            http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.bwsr.state.mn.us/wetlands/training/PlantID-sedges.pdf\" title=\"http://www.bwsr.state.mn.us/wetlands/training/PlantID-sedges.pdf\">\r\n            http://www.bwsr.state.mn.us/wetlands/training/PlantID-sedges.pdf\r\n        </a>\r\n        .\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.cnhp.colostate.edu/cwic/ident/fieldGuide.aspx\" title=\"http://www.cnhp.colostate.edu/cwic/ident/fieldGuide.aspx\">\r\n            http://www.cnhp.colostate.edu/cwic/ident/fieldGuide.aspx\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Track a Landslide ": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #trackalandslide</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"64101605070f0508050a0017080d000124171405070105141417070c050808010a03014a0b1603\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Imagery, Model</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Landslides occur all over the world, causing many fatalities, destroying livelihoods, and causing extensive economic damage. Create a way to inform people\r\n    before landslides occur or to help people recover after a landslide. Incidences of landslides depend on several factors, such as slope terrain, vegetation,\r\n    and recent rainfall. Increased climate variability, deforestation, and population pressures are making landslides a more pervasive threat. Crowdsourcing\r\n    has the potential to complement satellite-based Earth observation landslide products, and in the process inform more people of the potential dangers of\r\n    landslides.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    One possibility is to design a mobile application that enables users to report landslides in their vicinity and collect user-acquired imagery (pictures,\r\n    videos) showing the extent of damages caused by observed landslides. The app could provide data layers for users to view the latest rainfall data, current\r\n    landslide susceptibility maps, and areas of high slope terrain near the user's location. The app could allow people to enter comments conveying their own\r\n    perspectives on landslide susceptibility. The map could also display an aggregated summary of users’ landslide reports and comments.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Landslides take the lives of many people in areas where landslide warnings or alerts do not reach large portions of the population. For example, in Uganda\r\n    several landslides have killed hundreds of people in the last few years alone. Unfortunately, in Mesoamerica landslides are also increasing in frequency\r\n    and becoming deadlier.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    SERVIR, a NASA-USAID joint project, receives many requests to provide landslide susceptibility maps. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is a leader in\r\n    mapping landslide susceptibilities using remotely sensed data. The satellite rainfall-derived landslide susceptibility maps provide a global, near real\r\n    time perspective.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Create a web app or mobile app that allows users to designate a landslide location (e.g., by drawing a point or polygon on a map or by manually entering\r\n    geospatial coordinates). The app could enable users to view latest rainfall data, landslide susceptibility maps, and elevation datasets; or allow users to\r\n    make an imagery association, in the form of video or still photos, with landslide entry; or enable the users to enter their comments on the landslide\r\n    susceptibility map. The app could link the users’ geographical location to the responses; and/or synthesize the user responses and display over a\r\n    geographic area, along with the remotely sensed data and products.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov\">http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/\">http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://ags.servirlabs.net/arcgis/rest/services\">http://ags.servirlabs.net/arcgis/rest/services</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/publications_dir/potential_landslide.html\">http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/publications_dir/potential_landslide.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https://www.servirglobal.net\">https://www.servirglobal.net</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Tree Factor": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #treefactor</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"6e1a1c0b0b080f0d1a011c2e1d1e0f0d0b0f1e1e1d0d060f02020b00090b40011c09\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Many apps exist that help map trees, biodiversity, and pests. However, basic tree size and condition still needs human input which can be used in modeling\r\n    ecosystem service values of trees and forest cover, especially in urban settings such as along streets, people’s backyards or pocket parks. The U.S. Forest\r\n    Service has developed allometric models that use input about trees to compute ecosystem service values – but these need basic ground-based input about the\r\n    trees.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <br>\r\n    This is your opportunity to design tools for capturing input on trees in any community that can enable better analysis for scientists and tree enthusiasts.\r\n    Analysis examples include comparing a tree’s health to local factors (environmental or socioeconomic) that could affect individual trees, or to the percent\r\n    of permeable surface near the tree. You could also compare tree growth to population density and other socioeconomic data that are available through US\r\n    census reports and other sources.\r\n</p>\r\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    While tree diameter is something that can be reliably assessed where trees are accessible, tree height and tree condition are values that are particularly\r\n    problematic for people to reliably assess without technology.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Consider developing a way to use a smartphone camera to quantitatively assess the height of a tree, diameter of a tree, tree condition, and the percent\r\n    permeable surface around the tree where users could enter other tree data, such as species, manually; collect measurements over time would illustrate tree\r\n    growth as determined by increasing height and diameter; present the tree data and the potential affecting factors together to identify patterns. This data\r\n    could feed into the U.S. Forest Service models that equate tree size and condition to ecosystem services. Socioeconomic data are available from U.S.\r\n    Census.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.census.gov/popest/data/index.html\">http://www.census.gov/popest/data/index.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.census.gov/main/www/access.html\">http://www.census.gov/main/www/access.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://apps.fs.fed.us/fiadb-downloads/datamart.html\">http://apps.fs.fed.us/fiadb-downloads/datamart.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://www.fia.fs.fed.us/library/database-documentation/current/ver5.1.6/FIADB_user%20manual_5-1-6_p2_7_12_2013_all.pdf\">\r\n            http://www.fia.fs.fed.us/library/database-documentation/current/ver5.1.6/FIADB_user%20manual_5-1-6_p2_7_12_2013_all.pdf\r\n        </a>\r\n\r\n</li>\n<li>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greenapps/existing_apps.html?appSearch=tree\">http://www.epa.gov/greenapps/existing_apps.html?appSearch=tree</a>\r\n    </li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Where on Earth": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #earth, #whereonearth</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"dbacb3bea9beb4b5bebaa9afb39ba8abbab8bebaababa8b8b3bab7b7beb5bcbef5b4a9bc\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Imagery</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <br>\r\n    NASA’s Earth Observing System provides us with a wealth of free satellite data for research and community service. Create a game or app that displays\r\n    satellite images of places around the world and asks users to guess where and what they are. The app could include land cover and land class identification\r\n    tools for users to visually interpret features on the ground.\r\n</p>\r\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Data for this app can be obtained from any freely available remote sensing satellite. NASA’s Earth Observations include a fleet of satellites dating back\r\n    to 1970s. Four decades of data from satellites like Landsat could be used to create images indicating manmade changes, for instance, growth of cities.\r\n    Landsat 5, 7 and 8 will provide imagery at a spatial resolution of 30m, ASTER at 30m and MODIS at 250m. Certain geologic structures or interesting land\r\n    formations like river deltas can be easily identified with natural color imageries at different scales, for example, Garden City in Kansas, US or the Nile\r\n    River. Cloud free data can be chosen for better clarity. The app could also include land cover/ land class identification tools for users to visually\r\n    interpret features on the ground. For instance, when the app displays a small scale imagery of part of France, users could interact with the imagery to\r\n    identify prominent features such as the city of Paris or the Alps. Data archives of remote sensing satellites are wide enough to provide great scope for\r\n    this project.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The app could be in the form of a game and could have different categories such as – Natural, Manmade, etc., different levels – Easy, Intermediate and\r\n    Difficult and different themes addressing questions such as, what is happening here, where is this image taken, which prominent feature are you looking at,\r\n    and so forth.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Some of the possible sections could be location, geology, weather, change detection, land use, random questions, etc. After the player answers a question, the app could give a brief explanation about the image (with the source of the image).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    For every correct answer, points could be awarded. The game or app could include an option to share user scores on social media and invite others to play.\r\n    The user could be able to take the quiz offline and keep answering questions and jump to different levels in the game.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://landsat.usgs.gov/\">http://landsat.usgs.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/\">http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    \r\n    <a href=\"http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/\">http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/\">http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://glovis.usgs.gov/\">http://glovis.usgs.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<br>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "NASA Greener Cities Project": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science, Hardware, Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/br9fKBJEXnY?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        The Greener City project crowd-sources the collection of microclimate data through low-cost sensors, network connectivity, and urban gardens. By giving\r\n        people access to useful information about their garden, we can aggregate many points of atmospheric measurement across a city and display this data in\r\n        near real-time. The aggregated information can be used by city officials to monitor air quality on a neighbourhood level, and by scientists to gain\r\n        deeper insights related to global climate.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nThis project is solving the    <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/smart-cities-smart-climate\"><strong>Smart Cities, Smart Climate</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Our design seeks to compliment NASA satellite climate data with crowd-sourced micro-climate data; in effect, providing higher resolution information for\r\n    monitoring the environment. Using a basic air quality and soil sensor, users can \"plant\" our sensor into their box gardens (very common in Sweden for\r\n    people who live in apartments) and get a variety of information about the state of their garden and the environment it's in. For example, they may log into\r\n    their web dashboard and see a need to water the tomatoes, or the basil might be ready for picking.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The data reported from individual gardens is aggregated in order to crowd-source the generation of air quality monitoring data for the city. This data can\r\n    be merged with other openly available city environment sensors and then with global climate data from NASA to provide an extra level of detail for\r\n    researchers and others who have a need for this information. Accordingly, this data can be utilized at the local level to affect change that reflects good\r\n    environmental behaviour.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Our project has three parts: 1. Low-cost garden monitoring sensor. 2. Aggregate and normalize local environmental data for climate research and smart city\r\n    greenhouse gas abatement. 3. Scale to global educational initiative for kids to encourage interest in programming and their environment.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Imagine kids around the world building garden monitors and learning to program. It could encourage their parents to grow food locally, while also creating\r\n    a massive open-source database of local environmental data. This crowd-sourced micro-climate monitoring done through urban garden box sensors can be fun,\r\n    educational, and world-changing!\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/\">Creative Commons BY 3.0</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/KurtCode/GreenerCity\">https://github.com/KurtCode/GreenerCity</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\n<li>\r\n Source Code for Arduino Proof-of-Concept: <a href=\"https://github.com/KurtCode/GreenerCity\">https://github.com/KurtCode/GreenerCity</a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        Design resources:\r\n        <a href=\"https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B5rm4GLR25s7RVZxeVJkMnJWRG8&amp;usp=sharing\">\r\n            https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B5rm4GLR25s7RVZxeVJkMnJWRG8&amp;usp=sharing\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\nOriginal :30 sec Pitch Video: <a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cwag_ZrkgVw\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cwag_ZrkgVw</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "OpenTiles": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"ec83808183968d9a8d808dac8b818d8580c28f8381\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Data Visualization, Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"480\" height=\"270\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/VhLAJx4hQIo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        OpenTiles is an online service which provides GIS scientists and enthusiasts access to a plethora of satellite observations. NASA and the USGS\r\n        collectively have petabytes of data pertaining to various earth, ocean, and atmospheric fields. While the data is freely available, it is difficult to\r\n        find and is often in a format unfriendly to the average GIS hobbyist. This is where OpenTiles comes in. We obtain the data, convert and format it, then\r\n        upload it to GeoServer where it is available to the world.\r\n    </em>\r\n    <br>\r\n    \r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <strong><a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/earthtiles\">EarthTiles</a></strong> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n    <hr align=\"center\" noshade size=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\r\n</div>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Our solution OpenTiles is more of a service than a product. Currently it is a simple implementation demonstrating the 5 main components of the project. We\r\n    now explain how it would operate at a production scale.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Python scripts will take care of the first 3 components.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    1) Download\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    A script will constantly query the databases and servers where satellite data is stored. If the scripts find a data file that that is not on the GeoServer\r\n    drive or has been updated, it will download it. This first component ensures all the data on the GeoServer is up to date.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    2) Convert\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Satellite observations are stored in various formats. While they all have their benefits a collection of files in a more unified, GIS friendly format,\r\n    would be more practical. After the data has been downloaded it is converted from its native type, most commonly NetCDF and HDF, into a Geotiff (Gtiff)\r\n    file. We use the GDAL library for reprojections and conversions.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    3) Crop and Scale\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The magic of Google Earth and other earth observation data viewers is in the tiles and pyramids. One Gtiff could be laid over an earth model but it could\r\n    only be viewed at that one scale. Tiling a Gtiff and creating a pyramid of different scales, allows the user to zoom in and out of the data in a more\r\n    natural way. We use GDAL for retiling, to create the various pyramids and tiles.\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<img style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden;\" data-cfsrc=\"http://www.spotimage.fr/dimap/spec/documentation/4.Dimap_in_use_fichiers/image006.gif\"><noscript><img src=\"http://www.spotimage.fr/dimap/spec/documentation/4.Dimap_in_use_fichiers/image006.gif\"></noscript>\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    4) Automatic Geoserver Integration\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Once the pyramids are obtained, we use the <a href=\"http://docs.geoserver.org/2.0.0/user/extensions/rest/index.html\">Geoserver REST interface</a> to upload\r\n    them into Geoserver. Specifically, we are using the <a href=\"https://github.com/geosolutions-it/geoserver-manager/wiki\">Geoserver Manager</a> java library\r\n    to read the contents of the pyramids and upload them automatically. Once the pyramids are uploaded into Geoserver they can be served as images using the\r\n    WMS standard (for OpenLayers, Leaflet, etc.), kml files (for Google Earth) and GeoTiff files (for GIS).\r\n</p>\r\n<img style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden;\" data-cfsrc=\"http://renegade-boxing.com/static/images/gearth.png\"><noscript><img src=\"http://renegade-boxing.com/static/images/gearth.png\"></noscript>\n<br><br>\r\n<p>\r\n    5) Demo - Tile Display\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nFor visualizing the tiles uploaded into Geoserver, we are cofiguring a web site that displays all the layers available in the server. The    <a href=\"http://54.235.252.201/NASA_Template/mapviewer\">website</a> allows the user to change the transparency of the layers, choose which layers to\r\n    display, and download the layer as kml and Geotiff format and zoom in and out of the map in an interface similar to that of Google Maps. These tasks can be\r\n    accomplished without any external intervention.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a href=\"http://54.235.252.201/NASA_Template/mapviewer\">Visualizer Demo</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The data currently on our local server is obtained from the <a href=\"http://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">Ocean Color Web</a>. It is the average Sea\r\n    Surface Temperature (SST) throughout 2012 for the entire world. Layer 0 is the data, and layer 1 is the mask. It can be downloaded in KML format with one\r\n    click and visualized on Google Earth.\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<img style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden;\" data-cfsrc=\"http://renegade-boxing.com/static/images/viz_demo.png\"><noscript><img src=\"http://renegade-boxing.com/static/images/viz_demo.png\"></noscript>\n<br><br>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\">MIT License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/mathnathan/OpenTiles.git\">https://github.com/mathnathan/OpenTiles.git</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\n<br>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        NASA landsat Info: <a href=\"http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/where.html\">http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/where.html</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Landsat Data: <a href=\"http://landsat.usgs.gov/\">http://landsat.usgs.gov/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\nLandsat-Band designations:        <a href=\"http://landsat.usgs.gov/band_designations_landsat_satellites.php\">http://landsat.usgs.gov/band_designations_landsat_satellites.php</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Geospatial Data Abstraction Library: <a href=\"http://www.gdal.org/\">http://www.gdal.org/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "aquaping": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Citizen Science</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/3Dv2bpOgAs4?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        Our mobile app, aquaping, attends the need for consulting, providing, and sharing information about contaminated water sources at a specific location\r\n        both among individual users and interested organizations. We take a crowdsourcing approach, where anyone with a smartphone can submit reports by\r\n        answering specific questions, taking a picture, and specifying the location. After processing the answers, advice regarding safe water usage is\r\n        provided.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nThis project is solving the    <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/predicting-water-contamination\"><strong>Predicting Water Contamination</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The project aquaping aims to deliver a mobile solution that increases the population participation by allowing the user to report water bodies in risk of\r\n    contamination by different sources, so that surrounding communities become aware of the situation and take the proper measures.
Depending on the priority\r\n    of the contaminated location (and how many people are affected by it), experts or authorities may perform the appropriate tests and submit the reports\r\n    accordingly, so that eventually it will be taken care of.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Users may also access the status of registered water bodies, and so that the status of the water source is presented in a simple manner, the following is\r\n    presented, using simple icons:
- Is it safe for drinking?
- Is it safe for drinking after boiling?
- Is it safe for drinking after filtering?
- Is it safe\r\n    for swimming in it?
- Is it safe for animals to drink?
- Is it safe for doing the dishes?
- Is it safe for washing clothes?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license\">GNU General Public License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/antoniosv/aquaping\">https://github.com/antoniosv/aquaping</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n   In-depth description, Motivation, and Impact:\r\n    <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LHTntPBvFIII6k_ZOOoOOtjqYoa7Jd05ZZNx6Ey8I0Y/edit?usp=sharing\">\r\n        https://docs.google.com/document/d/\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        aquaping app mockup (icon desc.):\r\n        <a href=\"http://i232.photobucket.com/albums/ee285/sephiran44/iPhone_descriptionicon_zps8d63a353.png\">\r\n            http://i232.photobucket.com/albums/ee285/sephiran44/iPhone_descriptionicon\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        aquaping app mockup (checking report): \r\n        <a href=\"http://i232.photobucket.com/albums/ee285/sephiran44/iPhone_base_zps27177410.png\">\r\n            http://i232.photobucket.com/albums/ee285/sephiran44/iPhone_base_zps\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n aquaping app mockup (adding new water source):\r\n    <a href=\"http://i232.photobucket.com/albums/ee285/sephiran44/ScreenShot2013-04-27at202133_zps66ff5eee.png\">\r\n        http://i232.photobucket.com/albums/ee285/sephiran44/ScreenShot\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n   aquaping app mockup (water sources locations):\r\n    <a href=\"https://securecdn.disqus.com/uploads/mediaembed/images/477/5733/original.jpg\">\r\n        https://securecdn.disqus.com/uploads/mediaembed/images/477/5733/\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    Homemade water testing (interview with expert):\r\n    <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iabiEUbsN8-YApt1AIxhrJ4nAaxqONusA4HrustYjkE/edit\">\r\n        https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iabiEUbsN8\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>\r\n    Water Pollution and the Causes (research outcome):\r\n    <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-Ylt8-P0by2lGIpGw9ogXEf2sKlJg7LThm2WN6fw0Og/edit?usp=sharing\">\r\n        https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-Ylt8-\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        Initial project abstract:\r\n        <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByDcd9ZWKeofZDlGalgyMmp2cDA/edit?usp=sharing\">\r\n            https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByDcd9ZWKeofZDlGalgyMmp2cDA\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            }
        ]
    },
    "robotics": {
        "links": [
            "/challenge/exomars-rover-my-robot/",
            "/challenge/arduhack/",
            "/challenge/arduinos-raspberry-pi/",
            "/challenge/discos/",
            "/challenge/karkhana-rover/",
            "/challenge/robot-salvaging-material-and-controled-smartphone/",
            "/challenge/webrover1/"
        ],
        "challenges": [
            {
                "ExoMars Rover is My Robot": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Hashtags: #robotic, #exomarsrover</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"6c091403010d1e1f1e031a091e2c1f1c0d0f090d1c1c1f0f040d000009020b0942031e0b\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <strong>Challenge Description</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nPeople have created models of the NASA Curiosity rover—this project would try to test actual functionality using robotic hardware/software.    <a name=\"OLE_LINK6\"></a><a name=\"OLE_LINK5\"> </a>Build a functional robotic model of the ExoMars rover for educational purposes. Program\r\n    collision-avoidance strategies. Plans should be open hardware and made available to the public.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Background</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <a name=\"h.gjdgxs\"></a>\r\n    A model of the NASA Curiosity rover has been built and can be purchased online. This project would go further and try to test actual functionality using\r\n    robotic hardware/software.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Solution Ideas</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Here are some ways for you to frame this solution:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Working scaled model of the ExoMars rover (or any rover); and/or\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    obstacle avoidance on uneven terrain using sensory input\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Sample Resources</strong>\r\n    <strong></strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://exploration.esa.int/mars/\">http://exploration.esa.int/mars/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <a href=\"http://exploration.esa.int/mars/45084-exomars-rover/\">http://exploration.esa.int/mars/45084-exomars-rover/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "ArduHack": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"//player.vimeo.com/video/65224655\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        For the level 2 hardware challenge, we used a Raspberry Pi &amp; Arduino to greatly improve the future processing power of the ArduSat Satellite. The\r\n        two communicate by UART/serial, taking care to add a two-thirds voltage divider in between. For the science challenge we mounted a webcam to two\r\n        servos, driven by the Uno. Using an algorithm, the camera will track an object to keep it in frame &amp; then update the position of the servos to\r\n        track objects in real-time, to be implemented on the satellite.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/ardusat\"><strong>ArduSat</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Our project is to extend the functionality of the ArduSat to use a camera and send images of the Earth to people's mobiles. We are using open cv to track\r\n    the earth with the camera and adjust the camera angle to center the earth in the picture frame. This can be manually overridden by the user via a mobile,\r\n    tablet or PC using our webserver - http://www.agm.me.uk/arduhack/ (the user control is yet to come).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Also, a future idea is to beef up the processing power of the ArduSat by using a BeagleBone/Raspberry Pi as the main computer but keeping it compatible\r\n    with the Arduino platform. We're taking on the level 2 Hardware challenge by running a RasPi as the main computer alongside an Arduino UNO to experiment\r\n    with.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\">MIT License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/Pat-Ewen/arduhack\">https://github.com/Pat-Ewen/arduhack</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Raspberry Pi I2C Code - <a href=\"https://github.com/tristanheaven/arduhack\">https://github.com/tristanheaven/arduhack</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Data Communication And Analysis Code - <a href=\"https://github.com/maxsimmonds/ArduHack\">https://github.com/maxsimmonds/ArduHack</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        ArduHack Instructable -\r\n        <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1h-0gTvuxP0_cKN5xx_3pEQ1iWZDnd0DodFXMKMiEbd0/edit?usp=sharing\">\r\n            https://docs.google.com/document/d/1h-0gTvuxP0_cKN5xx_3pEQ1iWZDnd0DodFXMKMiEbd0/edit?usp=sharing\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Website for ArduHack - <a href=\"http://www.agm.me.uk/arduhack/\">http://www.agm.me.uk/arduhack/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Arduinos on the Raspberry Pi": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"660b070813030a2614070407020348080312\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/Z6Uyguw1yAI?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe> \r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        Proof of concept that threads in a Real Time Operating System for the Raspberry Pi can emulate various Arduinos with help of a library that mimics the\r\n        Arduino API. This will maximize the efficiency of the ArduSat platform by allowing multiple Arduinos to use dynamically asigned sensors. Please turn on\r\n        the captions in the video for english subtitles.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/ardusat\"><strong>ArduSat</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project solves the Ardusat hardware level 3 challenge by using a Raspberry Pi running ChibiOS (a Real Time Operating System for embedded systems).\r\n    Inside ChibiOS threads runs Arduino code with help of a library that mimics the Arduino platform. The RTOS can be configured to map pins and devices betwen\r\n    the Raspberry Pi and the virtual Arduinos allowing the maximum use of the sensors in Ardustat. The code and configuration running on the Raspberry pi can\r\n    be uploaded via serial console for remote management.\r\n</p>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Build &amp; Run</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>1. Wire the prototype</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    See\r\n    <a href=\"https://raw.github.com/manuel-rabade/arduino-chibios-rpi/master/schematic/arduinos-on-the-raspberry-pi.png\">\r\n        Arduinos on the Raspberry Pi schematics\r\n    </a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>2. Install the GNU ARM toolchain</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nIn MAC OS X you can use <a href=\"http://www.yagarto.de/#downloadmac\">Yagarto</a> and in Linux you can use    <a href=\"https://github.com/phaenovum/yol\">yol</a>.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>3. Get ChibiOS for the RPi</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>git clone https://github.com/steve-bate/ChibiOS-RPi</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>4. Get Arduinos on the Raspbery Pi</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>git clone https://github.com/manuel-rabade/arduino-chibios-rpi</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>5. Build</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>cd arduino-chibios-rpi &amp;&amp; make</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>cd arduino-chibios-rpi/bootloader &amp;&amp; make</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>6. Setup SD card</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nCopy <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/bootloader/kernel.img</strong> to the SD card. Download    <a href=\"https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware\">bootcode.bin and start.elf</a> and copy them to the SD card.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>7. Serial console</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Install minicom and configure it:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • Serial Device: /dev/ttyUSB0\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • Bps/Par/Bits: 115200 8N1\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • Hardware Flow Control: No\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • Software Flow Control: No\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>8. Boot</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Power your Raspberry Pi and upload <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/build/ch.bin</strong> using XModem.\r\n</p>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Serial console</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Once ChibiOS has been uploaded the following commands are available in the serial shell:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <strong>status</strong> get virtual Arduinos status\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <strong>pause [arduino #]</strong> pause operation of a virtual Arduino\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <strong>resume [arduino #]</strong> resume operation of a virtual Arduino\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <strong>log [arduino #]</strong> get the serial buffer of a virtual Arduino\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <strong>mem</strong> get ChibiOS memory usage\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <strong>threads</strong> get ChibiOS threads status\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <strong>info</strong> get ChibiOS build information\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <strong>systime</strong> get system time\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <strong>reboot</strong> reboot ChibiOS\r\n</p>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Pin configuration</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>This project map the following Raspberry Pi pins to virtual Arduino pins:</p>\r\n<pre><code>Raspberry Pi    Virtual Arduino   Arduino pin\r\nGPIO22          arduino0          13\r\nGPIO7           arduino1          13\r\nGPIO25          arduino1          12\r\nGPIO17          arduino2          13\r\nGPIO24          arduino3          13\r\n</code></pre>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Hack</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/main.cpp</strong>\r\n    it's the entry point that spawns the threads.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino/arduino0.cpp</strong>\r\n, <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino/arduino1.cpp</strong>, <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino/arduino2.cpp</strong> and    <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino/arduino3.cpp</strong> are the code for each virtual Arduino.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino/arduino0.h</strong>\r\n, <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino/arduino1.h</strong>, <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino/arduino2.h</strong> and    <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino/arduino3.h</strong> are the configuration for each Arduino.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino/arduino.h</strong>\r\n    and <strong>arduino-chibios-rpi/arduino/arduino.cpp</strong> is the library that \"emulates\" the Arduino plataform.\r\n</p>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>References</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <a href=\"http://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/ardusat/\">Ardusat challenges</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <a href=\"https://github.com/steve-bate/ChibiOS-RPi\">ChibiOS-RPi port and demos by Steve Bate</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <a href=\"https://github.com/dwelch67/raspberrypi/tree/master/bootloader05\">Raspberry Pi bootloader by David Welch</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <a href=\"http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage\">Arduino languaje reference and source code</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    • <a href=\"http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals\">Raspberry Pi Low-level peripherals</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause\">BSD 2-Clause License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/manuel-rabade/arduino-chibios-rpi\">https://github.com/manuel-rabade/arduino-chibios-rpi</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Bootloader build and SD card setup - <a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKtXT4GJeRg\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKtXT4GJeRg</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Upload, build and run - <a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3jWURlTU5I\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3jWURlTU5I</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Prototype -\r\n        <a href=\"https://raw.github.com/manuel-rabade/arduino-chibios-rpi/master/photo/arduinos-on-the-raspberry-pi.jpg\">\r\n            https://raw.github.com/manuel-rabade/arduino-chibios-rpi/master/photo/arduinos-on-the-raspberry-pi.jpg\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Schematic -\r\n        <a href=\"https://raw.github.com/manuel-rabade/arduino-chibios-rpi/master/schematic/arduinos-on-the-raspberry-pi.png\">\r\n            https://raw.github.com/manuel-rabade/arduino-chibios-rpi/master/schematic/arduinos-on-the-raspberry-pi.png\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "DisCoS": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Platform</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/xKxGScd1rq8?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        DisCoS (Distributed Control System) is a control network framework for any collection of robotic devices. Its innovation lies in the concept of sending\r\n        missions rather than commands. This is possible because of the .bot programming language we created. Using DisCoS, we created the TNT education and\r\n        robotics platform, which allows users to write live code and programs for NXTs. These are sent to android devices as .bot packages, which are then\r\n        compiled on the fly and used to control NXT rovers.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/lego-rovers\"><strong>Lego Rovers</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>The App</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We've built the TNT <strong>learning and robotics platform</strong> as a first implementation of DisCoS.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    With only a browser, connect to our <strong>Lego NXT rovers</strong> and solve challenges by writing live code. We've developed the TNT (Turtle Not Turtle)\r\n    programming language, which is optimized for rapidly developing powerful robotics programs.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nTNT is a full DisCoS system where the <strong>user serves as the Master</strong> (controlling many rovers at a time),<strong>Android devices serve as Controllers</strong> (talking to the Master via. wifi and the Platforms via. bluetooth), and the    <strong>NXT rovers serve as the Platforms</strong>. Code is compiled from TNT into .bot on browser, and sent as a JSON package to the Android device, which\r\n    executes the code in a Java virtual machine and sends relevant commands to the NXT rover.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>The Idea: DisCoS</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    
The DisCoS framework aims to create more powerful <strong>collective robotics systems</strong> by distributing computation and autonomy throughout the\r\n    network. In a traditional master/slave system, the master micromanages every device. In DisCoS, the Master instead dynamically generates full programs,\r\n    which are computed throughout the network, leaving micromanagement, and device-specific interfaces to the Controller. This allows the Master to focus\r\n    solely on high level missions. The end result is a highly optimized, flexible and powerful <strong>collective intelligence network</strong>.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    DisCoS devices operate at one of three levels. At the top is the <strong>Master (i.e. a server)</strong>, which has complete information of the network and\r\n    as well as any relevant information from the individual devices in the network. Underneath are the <strong>Controllers (i.e. an Android device)</strong>,\r\n    which execute programs run by the master which execute programs run by the master. At the bottom are <strong>Platforms (i.e. a rover)</strong>, the workers\r\n    in the system that actuate DisCoS missions.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The Master receives only relevant and <strong>necessary information</strong> from the controllers throughout the network. It makes decisions on how the\r\n    network should respond, and sends these throughout the network as missions. These missions can be complex, such as a full maze solver. Controllers receive\r\n    these missions as .bot programs and see them through to completion by <strong>micromanaging platforms</strong>. Most information (i.e. sensor data)\r\nrequired to complete these missions are sent only between the Controller and Platform, and only required information is sent back up to the Master. The    <strong>Platforms</strong> interfaces with the Controller through a device specific driver, obeying <strong>direct commands</strong> from the Controller.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Core Concepts:</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>- Distributed autonomy:</strong>\r\n    the master sends missions, not commands. The master is free to operate only at high levels, leaving controllers to micromanage platforms and to complete\r\n    individual missions. 
<strong>- Generality:</strong> DisCoS can be implemented with any system of networked devices. Because .bot implements only\r\n    abstracted high level commands, everything from lightbulbs to rovers can be networked together. 
<strong>-RESTful:</strong> No proprietary network\r\n    protocols or encoding. The entire DisCoS system communicates through HTTP get and post requests, and all messages and .bot programs are JSON objects.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>The Method: .bot</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    
.bot is a turing complete, functional programming language we created in order to make DisCoS possible. <strong>Expressed entirely in JSON,</strong> .bot\r\n    allows entire programs to be sent using <strong>RESTful APIs</strong> on which DisCoS is built. We created a virtual machine to interpret .bot code,\r\n    written in Java - allowing any Java capable device (including all android devices) to be able to execute .bot code and act as a controller in the DisCoS\r\n    system.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    .bot code includes only high level functions that are consistent across devices (such as move forward, check distance in front, etc). The controller simply\r\n    pings the master to let it know which functions are available, and the master can then <strong>write entire programs</strong> for the platform without\r\n    needing any knowledge of the actual implementation. The controller contains a driver that implements low level hardware functions (such as move forward).\r\n    This allows code to be run virtually, and thus, bad code will <strong>never crash</strong> any software. Code can be paused, stopped, and reflashed all on\r\n    the fly.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Core Concepts:</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>-Turing Complete:</strong>\r\n    .bot is a full turing complete, interpreted, functional programming language. It has complete support for function definitions, recursion, loops,\r\n    conditionals, common mathematical operations. Functions are first-class citizens.
<strong>-Virtual Machine:</strong> We wrote a virtual machine in Java to\r\n    compile .bot code. This allows it to run on its own thread on any Java capable device (such as Androids), without the risk of crashing the software on the\r\n    device in the event of bad code. Also, code can be paused, stopped and reflashed instantly. 
<strong>-JSON:</strong> All .bot programs can be expressed\r\n    entirely in Javascript Object Notation. This allows programs to be compact, readable, and easily sent using only RESTful HTTP protocols on which DisCoS is\r\n    built.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>The Implementation: TNT Learning Platform</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    
<strong>TNT</strong>, which stands for \"TNT Not Turtle\", is an educational learning and robotics platform. We created the TNT programming language, which\r\n    is inspired by simply python/ruby syntax and the philosophy of the <a href=\"http://el.media.mit.edu/logo-foundation/logo/\">Logo (Turtle)</a> class of\r\n    languages, which were created at MIT in the 1970s. We built an <strong>IDE and compiler</strong> for TNT in javascript, and it will run in any modern web\r\n    browser. Hence, our audience is as broad as possible, as anyone with a web browser can utilize the TNT learning platform.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    On the TNT platform, the user/student serves as the Master in a DisCoS system. We networked several android devices as Controllers, which constantly\r\n    communicate with our web server. Each Android is paired via bluetooth to a Lego NXT Rover. The user is presented with <strong>several challenges</strong>\r\n    (solving mazes / puzzles), and they are challenged with writing programs for the NXT Rovers, <strong>controlling one or several</strong> at a time, in\r\n    order to solve these challenges. They can also write step by step commands (such as forward(2) ), which will be <strong>immediately executed</strong> by\r\n    the rover. We believe that this is an effective educational approach to engage students and get them excited about computer science / engineering /\r\n    robotics, as they can see a rover moving in front of them. Our motto is <strong>\"push robots not pixels\"</strong>.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Simple TNT programs are compiled in the browser to <strong>.bot JSON objects</strong>, which are pushed to our server and sent to the relevant Controllers.\r\n    Because .bot is interpreted in a <strong>virtual machine</strong>, there is no worry about bad code crashing the software, nor does the student need to\r\n    worry about compiling / drivers. In fact, <strong>the student need not even own an actual NXT device</strong> (which can be pricey), as they can watch\r\ntheir rover perform challenges over a live webcam feed. Thus, anyone with a web browser is able to jump on the TNT learning platform and    <strong>start writing code instantly</strong>.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Core Concepts:</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>-Push Robots not Pixels:</strong>\r\n    See results as you type. A simple fd(2) command will send the rover moving forward for 2 seconds. <strong>-TNT Not Turtle:</strong> Based off MIT Turtle\r\n    and inspired by python / ruby, TNT strips away complexities and let's you focus on logic whilst still being a complete programming language. TNT supports\r\n    variables, threading, functions, loops, and conditionals.
<strong>-Write anywhere:</strong> We've built both the the compiler and IDE (with syntax checking\r\n    and indentation) in javascript. Therefore, all the code can be written and compiled from any modern browser. No downloads or expensive equipment are\r\n    required to use TNT!\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Credits</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    DisCoS was created by team hackAD, a group of students studying at New York University Abu Dhabi.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Team Members &amp; Countries of Origin:\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        
<strong>Lingliang Zhang</strong> - New Zealand
\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <strong>Moïri Gamboni</strong>\r\n        - Australia
\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <strong>Oleg Grishin</strong>\r\n        - Russia
\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <strong>Rodrigo Ceballos</strong>\r\n        - Colombia
\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <strong>Mariko Kuroda</strong>\r\n        – Japan\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        
<strong>Soichiro Hattori</strong> - Japan\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><br>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <strong>License:</strong>\r\n        <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license\">GNU General Public License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <strong>Source Code/Project URL:</strong>\r\n        <a href=\"https://github.com/grishinoleg/hack_ad\">https://github.com/grishinoleg/hack_ad</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong> </strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <strong>Project Website</strong>\r\n        - <a href=\"http://discos.herokuapp.com/\">http://discos.herokuapp.com/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <strong>Live Web Demo</strong>\r\n        - <a href=\"http://discos.herokuapp.com/use/robo\">http://discos.herokuapp.com/use/robo</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <strong>Demo Video</strong>\r\n        - <a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKxGScd1rq8\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKxGScd1rq8</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        <strong>Extended Tech Explanation Video (6 mins)</strong>\r\n        - <a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muxXGI9fNek&amp;feature=youtu.be\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muxXGI9fNek&amp;feature=youtu.be</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "Karkhana Rover": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/7lQCLsw-5yA?feature=player_embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\r\n<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        Using a Arduino clone we have constructed a simple robot that allows children to explore two concepts: 1. automation though the uses of sensor feedback\r\n        2. control of rovers over planetary distances Our solution is designed to be a cost effective open source alternative to commercially available robotic\r\n        platforms. We also feel it is superior to them in one important way. It serves to demystifies hardware and electronics by exposing young learners to\r\n        them in a raw form.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/lego-rovers\"><strong>Lego Rovers</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Created a simplified kid friendly rover using an Arduino.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    License: <a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/\">Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/SpaceAppsKtm2013/KarkhanaRover\">https://github.com/SpaceAppsKtm2013/KarkhanaRover</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Karkhana Rover Presentation - <a href=\"http://www.karkhana.asia/karkhanarover/\">http://www.karkhana.asia/karkhanarover/</a>\r\n</p>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "ROBOT FROM SALVAGING MATERIAL AND CONTROLED BY SMARTPHONE": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        The aim of this project is to promote Robotics in developing countries and prove that from less means, we can realize great things in a technological\r\n        domain such as robotics. To achieve this, the robot will be entirely designed from only salvaging material ,will be autonomous and usefull (in common\r\n        life and for study) and controled by a smartphone or PC. In comparison, this kind of robot might cost several thousand of dollard while our will be\r\n        less than 200$.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Background:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Imagine that we want to collect data of a dificult access place,to take sample of mater after a nuclear explosion or tracking an atmospheric phenomenon, or\r\n    imagine now that we want to track a dangerous group of animals without modifing their social behavior due to a human presence... Remote controled robots\r\n    are advisable to operate in this situations.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Challenge Description:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The originality of this project is that 95% of parts which will serve to make the robot are stem from salvaging material so clearly low cost compared to\r\n    their new one buyed in shop. So relays and motors wich will serve to move the robot and will make the movement of the arm are stem from windshield wiper\r\n    motors used in automobile. The mechanical part formed by the plinth and the arm are rest of aluminium bars used by glazier. This allows us to have a\r\n    light,resistant and low cost system with a acceptable output. In the goal of reduce the cost of the design an old webcam has been salvaged (for live\r\n    retransmission of pictures of the environment where the robot is) just as the wheel taken from an old wardrobe. Finaly, only assembling screews and\r\n    wireless router (used as mother board and on wich will run a dedicated linux distribution ) will be the never used elements(that we’ve paid in shop), since\r\n    even the battery charger is from an old printer , just as batteries from spoilt uninterruptible power source.
To increase its autonomy, the robot will be\r\n    fit with solar panel for recharging its battery so it’ll be able to stay as long as necessary in an unelectrified environnement.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license\">GNU General Public License</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/elerol/elerol3.git\">https://github.com/elerol/elerol3.git</a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            },
            {
                "WebRover1": "\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Contact: <a class=\"__cf_email__\" href=\"http://www.cloudflare.com/email-protection\" data-cfemail=\"82ceacc3acc6e7ececebf1c2eeebf4e7f0f2ededeeace3e1acf7e9\">[email protected]</a><script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* <![CDATA[ */\n(function(){try{var s,a,i,j,r,c,l,b=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");l=b[b.length-1].previousSibling;a=l.getAttribute('data-cfemail');if(a){s='';r=parseInt(a.substr(0,2),16);for(j=2;a.length-j;j+=2){c=parseInt(a.substr(j,2),16)^r;s+=String.fromCharCode(c);}s=document.createTextNode(s);l.parentNode.replaceChild(s,l);}}catch(e){}})();\n/* ]]> */\n</script>\n</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tags: Hardware</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        <br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    <em>\r\n        Lego Rovers engages school children with the challenges of remote space exploration. Web-Rover-1 improves both its user-interface and underlying system\r\n        architecture. A mobile-compatible HTML interface mimics a tele-operated planetary rover complete with remote-control, command delays, and the ability\r\n        to create autonomous rules for the robot. Our simpler, modularised backend code is demonstrated through multiple prototypes which integrate different\r\n        robots and interfaces into the same system.\r\n    </em>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    This project is solving the <a href=\"https://2013.spaceappschallenge.org/challenge/lego-rovers\"><strong>Lego Rovers</strong></a> challenge.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Description</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Introduction</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The Webrover1 team tackled the Lego Rovers challenge. This challenge was to build a demonstration system which mimicked a tele-operated interplanetary\r\n    rover complete with a remote control interface, the possibility to add delays, and the ability to construct and deploy autonomous rules onto the robot. The\r\n    end system is intended as a STEM activity that can be taken into schools.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The Webrover1 team focused on building a touch-friendly web and mobile compatible interface for the control of Lego Rovers, at the same time we worked on\r\n    modularising the back end code. This enabled us to build several prototype systems demonstrating that different interfaces and back end hardware could be\r\n    integrated easily within the same basic system.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Design</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Our design effort focused on two key areas, user interface design for a web based interface and the underlying system architecture.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>User Interface Design</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    The web-based user interface was designed in two phases, the first focussed on tele-operation of the robot with delays and a camera feed (based on an idea\r\n    mentioned on the Challenge web page by the Gothenburg project team). The second was based on the design of a rule-building system which was accomplished in\r\n    collaboration with the <a href=\"http://spaceappschallenge.org/project/legoroversui/\">LegoRoversUI</a> team from Brasil.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    For the rule builder, we took as our starting point the design from the LegoRoversUI team:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <img style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden;\" data-cfsrc=\"http://25.media.tumblr.com/d01455232b7d7317db21bf8dfdf3d78b/tumblr_mlmaxuYj321sogncro1_1280.jpg\"></p>\n<noscript><img src=\"http://25.media.tumblr.com/d01455232b7d7317db21bf8dfdf3d78b/tumblr_mlmaxuYj321sogncro1_1280.jpg\"></noscript> \r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    And then refined it via \"paper prototypes\" into a form that would display well on mobile devices as well as web browsers:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n     <img style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden;\" data-cfsrc=\"http://25.media.tumblr.com/f1f1bfbcf1c0461363a7a6e4a9069643/tumblr_mlkbsf7Jrd1sogncro1_1280.jpg\"></p>\n<noscript><img src=\"http://25.media.tumblr.com/f1f1bfbcf1c0461363a7a6e4a9069643/tumblr_mlkbsf7Jrd1sogncro1_1280.jpg\"></noscript> \r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>System Architecture</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    At an abstract level our architecture consisted of three layers with clear links between each layer. At the top we have the UI, underneath that a \"Robot\r\n    Service\" layer which ran a loop that took in commands from the user interface, polled sensors for data and then triggered any rules in the autonomous\r\n    system. This was implemented in a generic fashion which did not make particular assumptions about the user interface, nor the underlying hardware. At the\r\n    bottom layer we had hardware specific control which could, for instance, interpret the instruction \"forward\" from the Robot Service in a way that was\r\n    specific to the hardware being controlled. This basic architecture is shown below:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n       <img style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden;\" data-cfsrc=\"http://25.media.tumblr.com/5648e05261d14a6afa5cb54e7ed099e3/tumblr_mlr5nySY4g1sogncro1_400.png\"></p>\n<noscript><img src=\"http://25.media.tumblr.com/5648e05261d14a6afa5cb54e7ed099e3/tumblr_mlr5nySY4g1sogncro1_400.png\"></noscript> \r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Outcomes</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We succeeded in producing a number of prototype systems using lego robots, mobile devices, an electric imp based Curiosity model and a controller made from\r\n    cardboard and a Makey Makey board.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Front End Interfaces</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Our key focus was on mobile interface devices. Our first interface was for simple tele-operation of the robot with delays and a single rule that could be\r\n    switched on and off:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n  \r\n     <img style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden;\" data-cfsrc=\"http://25.media.tumblr.com/289602e9203025d55c8a241ebd703512/tumblr_mlrzvfze771sogncro1_500.png\"></p>\n<noscript><img src=\"http://25.media.tumblr.com/289602e9203025d55c8a241ebd703512/tumblr_mlrzvfze771sogncro1_500.png\"></noscript> \r\n\r\n<p>\r\n    We successfully deployed this interface and were able to control both the lego and electric imp based robots with it.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We also developed a prototype rule builder, demonstrations of which can be seen in the links to resources and on the project tumblr. While this wasn't\r\n    linked to the back end system we were confident that we had the necessary software hooks in place to make this a comparatively simple task.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Lastly, thanks to resources and equipment supplied by the University of Dundee, we were able to construct a simple interface using a Makey Makey board,\r\n    cardboard and conductive ink. Again this was used to control both the lego and electric imp robots.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Hardware Specific Control</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    At the robot end we were able to control both a Lego robot running the leJOS operating system, and a different [Mini Mars Rover]\r\n    (http://productresearch.dundee.ac.uk/mini-mars-rover/), built using a Wild Thumper chasis, an Arduino and an Electric Imp by the University of Dundee, from\r\n    our working interfaces. We also experimented with mounting a mobile phone on the hardware platforms, allowing us to stream video from the phone back to the\r\n    mobile interface.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    Videos of these robots in action are available from the resources list and on the project tumblr.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Future Work</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    In the immediate future we intend to link the rule building interface into the underlying system, allowing the construction of a richer set of rules to be\r\n    used with the robots. Dr. Dennis intends to continue taking the lego rovers into schools and is also discussing with the University of Liverpool the\r\npossibility of adapting the activity, specifically the new rule building interface, for use in the    <a href=\"http://www.liv.ac.uk/educational-opportunities/residentials/Year_10_Dangerous_Science.htm\">Dangerous Science Summer School</a> the university runs\r\n    for Year 10 children.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    We are also investigating <a href=\"http://www.aisb.org.uk/\">AISB</a> and <a href=\"http://www.stfc.ac.uk/Public+and+Schools/1396.aspx\">STFC Small Grant</a>\r\n    awards for public engagement. These would let us invest in <a href=\"http://robotics.benedettelli.com/NXT2WIFI.htm\">NXT2Wifi</a> and Camera sensors for the\r\n    existing rovers which would both extend the activity and help improve its accessibility to teachers and parents.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n    <strong>Project Information</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        License: <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-license\">LGPL</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Source Code/Project URL: <a href=\"https://github.com/legorovers/webrover1\">https://github.com/legorovers/webrover1</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p> <br>\r\n    <strong>Resources</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Project Blog, charting our progress: <a href=\"http://legorovers.tumblr.com/\">http://legorovers.tumblr.com/</a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Video: Demo of Prototype Rule Builder:\r\n        <a href=\"http://legorovers.tumblr.com/post/48794573686/the-prototype-rulebuilder-in-action\">\r\n            http://legorovers.tumblr.com/post/48794573686/the-prototype-rulebuilder-in-action\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n    <li>\r\n        Video: The Cardboard Controller:\r\n        <a href=\"http://legorovers.tumblr.com/post/48520072008/the-cardboard-controller-in-action\">\r\n            http://legorovers.tumblr.com/post/48520072008/the-cardboard-controller-in-action\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    Video: Controlling the University of Dundee Mini Mars Rover:\r\n    <a href=\"http://legorovers.tumblr.com/post/48512921932/weve-adapted-the-web-rover-1-system-so-we-can\">\r\n        http://legorovers.tumblr.com/post/48512921932/weve-adapted-the-web-rover-1-system-so-we-can\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n    <li>\r\n        Video: user testing with a toddler:\r\n        <a href=\"http://legorovers.tumblr.com/post/48514281809/successfully-testing-our-new-child-friendly-touch\">\r\n            http://legorovers.tumblr.com/post/48514281809/successfully-testing-our-new-child-friendly-touch\r\n        </a>\r\n    </li>\r\n\r\n<li>\r\n    Video: paper-prototype of the rule bulder:\r\n    <a href=\"http://legorovers.tumblr.com/post/48519287091/walkthrough-of-the-paper-prototype-of-the-vision\">\r\n        http://legorovers.tumblr.com/post/48519287091/walkthrough-of-the-paper-prototype-of-the-vision\r\n    </a>\r\n</li>\n</ul>\r\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eight columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"four columns\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"twelve columns\">\n\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t"
            }
        ]
    }
}