PROTO & MONO - Using PROTOTYPE to establish inheritence in javascript Objects and MONO - Modular Instance Override. Prototype is used to create base template classes (see Car) and have new instances that inherit those base properties. MONO is spinning off a instance to override its inherited properties/functions and define its own.

PROTO & MONO.js

// 1. the basic javascript object creation
function Car(type) {
	this.speed = 0;
	this.type = type || "No type";
	this.drive = function(newSpeed) {
		this.speed = newSpeed;
		}
	}
	
var bmw =new Car("BMW");
console.log(bmw.speed);  // outputs 0
console.log(bmw.type); // outputs "BMW"
bmw.drive(80);
console.log(bmw.speed);  // outputs 80 

//2.  Prototype used to make "drive" function standard to all functions
// drive is used by all, is a standard function 
function Car(type) {
	this.speed = 0; 
	this.type = type || "No type";
}
Car.prototype = { 
	drive: function(newSpeed) { 
		this.speed = newSpeed;
	}
}
var bmw = new Car("BMW");
console.log(bmw.speed); // outputs 0
console.log(bmw.type); //outputs "BMW"
 bmw.drive(80);
console.log(bmw.speed); // outputs 80

//3.  MONO to override inherited properties/function from prototype and defining its own custom property/function
 
//Modular properties/functions shared by all thus defining a type…
function Car(type) {
this.speed = 0;
this.type = type || "No type";
}
Car.prototype.drive = function(newSpeed) {
this.speed = newSpeed;
}
// A new but common instance…
var bmw = new Car("BMW");
// MONO instance -- The honda is faster... 
var honda = new Car("Honda");
honda.drive = function(newSpeed) {
this.speed = newSpeed + 10;
}
console.log(honda.speed); // outputs 0
console.log(honda.type); // outputs "BMW"
honda.drive(80);
console.log(honda.speed); // outputs 90
console.log(bmw.speed); // outputs 0
console.log(bmw.type); // outputs "BMW"
bmw.drive(80);
console.log(bmw.speed); // outputs 80