Custom django import export resource class, using verbose_name as export file header, and support clean field in the resource class。自定义的 django import export resource 类，支持用 verbose_name 作为导出/导入文件的列名，并支持在 Resouce 类中直接 clean 字段值

resources.py

# coding: utf-8

from collections import OrderedDict
from copy import deepcopy

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.utils.encoding import force_str
from import_export import resources, widgets

from . import models as m

TIMESTAMP_FIELDS = ['created', 'modified']


class VerboseNameModelResource(resources.ModelResource):
    """
    自定义的导入/导出资源基类。特点：

    #. 导出/导入 excel header 为 verbose_name
    #. 支持在 Resouce 类中定义 clean_<column_name> 方法，来清理导入的数据。可以用来把名称转换为外键的key
    """

    class Meta:
        import_id_fields = ['ID']

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        verbose_name_fields = OrderedDict()
        for i in self.fields:
            verbose_name_fields[self.fields[i].column_name] = self.fields[i]
        self.fields = deepcopy(verbose_name_fields)

    @classmethod
    def field_from_django_field(cls, field_name, django_field, readonly):
        FieldWidget = cls.widget_from_django_field(django_field)
        widget_kwargs = cls.widget_kwargs_for_field(field_name)
        field = cls.DEFAULT_RESOURCE_FIELD(
            attribute=field_name,
            column_name=django_field.verbose_name,
            widget=FieldWidget(**widget_kwargs),
            readonly=readonly,
            default=django_field.default,
        )
        return field

    def import_obj(self, obj, data, dry_run):
        errors = {}
        for field in super().get_import_fields():
            if isinstance(field.widget, widgets.ManyToManyWidget):
                continue
            try:
                field_clean_method = getattr(self, f'clean_{field.column_name}', None)
                if field_clean_method:
                    field_clean_method(obj, data)
                self.import_field(field, obj, data)
            except ValueError as e:
                errors[field.column_name] = ValidationError(
                    force_str(e), code="invalid")
        if errors:
            raise ValidationError(errors)


class ProjectResource(VerboseNameModelResource):
    class Meta:
        model = m.Project
        exclude = m.Project.get_exclude() + TIMESTAMP_FIELDS

    def dehydrate_部门(self, obj):
        return obj.department.name

    def dehydrate_客户名称(self, obj):
        return obj.customer.name

    def dehydrate_项目经理(self, obj):
        return obj.manager.name

    def clean_部门(self, obj, data):
        department_name = data['部门'].strip() if data['部门'] else None
        if department_name:
            department_id = m.Department.objects.get(name=department_name).pk
            data['部门'] = department_id

    def clean_客户名称(self, obj, data):
        customer_name = data['客户名称'].strip() if data['客户名称'] else None
        if customer_name:
            customer_id = m.Customer.objects.get(name=customer_name).pk
            data['客户名称'] = customer_id

    def clean_项目经理(self, obj, data):
        manager_name = data['项目经理'].strip() if data['项目经理'] else None
        if manager_name:
            manager_id = m.ProjectManager.objects.get(name=manager_name).pk
            data['项目经理'] = manager_id

终于找到能用的了，对于外键的也能正确显示verbose_name，但有个问题，用export_order排序的话会报错。