Understanding numeral systems

This makes sense to me now but I figure down the road it might be somehting worth having so I can refer back to it.  

Base2 (binary) works like so.  A byte is made up of 8 bits.  Inside each you can either store a 0 or a 1 (2 options, hence base 2).  
Your 8 bits are represented like so:

|  128 (2 ** 7)  |  64 (2 ** 6)  |  32 (2 ** 5)  |  16 (2 ** 4)  |  8 (2 ** 3)  |  4 (2 ** 2)  |  2 (2 ** 1)  |  1 (2 ** 0)  |

To represent 42 your byte would be: 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 (1 x 32, 1 x 8, 1 x 2)

Taking it a step further base16 (hexadecimal) works in a similar way but it has 16 values in each bit (0 - 15, still represented by a single character).  
It uses 0-9 and then a-f to represent 10-15

|  268435456  |  16777216  |  1048576  |  65536 (16 ** 4)  |  4096 (16 ** 3)  |  256 (16 ** 2)  |  16 (16 ** 1)  |  1 (16 ** 0)  |

To represent 911 your byte would look like : 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 f (3 x 256, 8 x 16, 15 x 1)