Find the fonts you want to copy:
# Show hidden files in Finder
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles YES
# Location of Typekit Synced fonts
cd /Users/daveaspinall/Library/Application\ Support/Adobe/CoreSync/plugins/livetype/.r
# Open in Finder to preview them
open .
Install the rename utility via brew (if you don't already have it):
brew install rename
Copy and Paste them to Dropbox (or wherever you want them), then:
# Move to location in iTerm/Terminal
cd /Users/daveaspinall/Dropbox/Resources/Fonts/Your\ Font
# Rename them (dry run...remove the n to do the renaming)
rename -nv 's/\.([^.]+)/$1/' \.*