htaccess boilerplate

# Apache Server Configs v2.15.0 | MIT License
# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache

# (!) Using `.htaccess` files slows down Apache, therefore, if you have
# access to the main server configuration file (which is usually called
# `httpd.conf`), you should add this logic there.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html

# ######################################################################
# # CROSS-ORIGIN                                                       #
# ######################################################################

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Cross-origin requests                                              |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Allow cross-origin requests.
#
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS
# https://enable-cors.org/
# https://www.w3.org/TR/cors/

# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
#     Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
# </IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Cross-origin images                                                |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Send the CORS header for images when browsers request it.
#
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabled_image
# https://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html

<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
    <IfModule mod_headers.c>
        <FilesMatch "\.(bmp|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|png|svgz?|webp)$">
            SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS
            Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS
        </FilesMatch>
    </IfModule>
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Cross-origin web fonts                                             |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Allow cross-origin access to web fonts.

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
    <FilesMatch "\.(eot|otf|tt[cf]|woff2?)$">
        Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
    </FilesMatch>
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Cross-origin resource timing                                       |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Allow cross-origin access to the timing information for all resources.
#
# If a resource isn't served with a `Timing-Allow-Origin` header that
# would allow its timing information to be shared with the document,
# some of the attributes of the `PerformanceResourceTiming` object will
# be set to zero.
#
# https://www.w3.org/TR/resource-timing/
# http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2014/08/21/resource-timing-practical-tips/

# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
#     Header set Timing-Allow-Origin: "*"
# </IfModule>


# ######################################################################
# # ERRORS                                                             #
# ######################################################################

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Custom error messages/pages                                        |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error.
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocument

ErrorDocument 404 default
ErrorDocument 403 default

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Error prevention                                                   |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Disable the pattern matching based on filenames.
#
# This setting prevents Apache from returning a 404 error as the result
# of a rewrite when the directory with the same name does not exist.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews

Options -MultiViews


# ######################################################################
# # INTERNET EXPLORER                                                  #
# ######################################################################

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Document modes                                                     |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Force Internet Explorer 8/9/10 to render pages in the highest mode
# available in the various cases when it may not.
#
# https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/#ie8
#
# (!) Starting with Internet Explorer 11, document modes are deprecated.
# If your business still relies on older web apps and services that were
# designed for older versions of Internet Explorer, you might want to
# consider enabling `Enterprise Mode` throughout your company.
#
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/bg182625.aspx#docmode
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2014/04/02/stay-up-to-date-with-enterprise-mode-for-internet-explorer-11/

<IfModule mod_headers.c>

    Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge"

    # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however,
    # the `X-UA-Compatible` response header should be send only for
    # HTML documents and not for the other resources.

    <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ic[os]|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$">
        Header unset X-UA-Compatible
    </FilesMatch>

</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Iframes cookies                                                    |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Allow cookies to be set from iframes in Internet Explorer.
#
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537343.aspx
# https://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-P3P-20001215/

# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
#     Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT\""
# </IfModule>


# ######################################################################
# # MEDIA TYPES AND CHARACTER ENCODINGS                                #
# ######################################################################

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Media types                                                        |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Serve resources with the proper media types (f.k.a. MIME types).
#
# https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addtype

<IfModule mod_mime.c>

  # Data interchange

    AddType application/atom+xml                        atom
    AddType application/json                            json map topojson
    AddType application/ld+json                         jsonld
    AddType application/rss+xml                         rss
    AddType application/vnd.geo+json                    geojson
    AddType application/xml                             rdf xml


  # JavaScript

    # Normalize to standard type.
    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329#section-7.2

    AddType application/javascript                      js mjs


  # Manifest files

    AddType application/manifest+json                   webmanifest
    AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json         webapp
    AddType text/cache-manifest                         appcache


  # Media files

    AddType audio/mp4                                   f4a f4b m4a
    AddType audio/ogg                                   oga ogg opus
    AddType image/bmp                                   bmp
    AddType image/svg+xml                               svg svgz
    AddType image/webp                                  webp
    AddType video/mp4                                   f4v f4p m4v mp4
    AddType video/ogg                                   ogv
    AddType video/webm                                  webm
    AddType video/x-flv                                 flv

    # Serving `.ico` image files with a different media type
    # prevents Internet Explorer from displaying them as images:
    # https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/commit/37b5fec090d00f38de64b591bcddcb205aadf8ee

    AddType image/x-icon                                cur ico


  # Web fonts

    AddType font/woff                                   woff
    AddType font/woff2                                  woff2
    AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject               eot
    AddType font/ttf                                    ttf
    AddType font/collection                             ttc
    AddType font/otf                                    otf


  # Other

    AddType application/octet-stream                    safariextz
    AddType application/x-bb-appworld                   bbaw
    AddType application/x-chrome-extension              crx
    AddType application/x-opera-extension               oex
    AddType application/x-xpinstall                     xpi
    AddType text/calendar                               ics
    AddType text/markdown                               markdown md
    AddType text/vcard                                  vcard vcf
    AddType text/vnd.rim.location.xloc                  xloc
    AddType text/vtt                                    vtt
    AddType text/x-component                            htc

</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Character encodings                                                |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Serve all resources labeled as `text/html` or `text/plain`
# with the media type `charset` parameter set to `UTF-8`.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#adddefaultcharset

AddDefaultCharset utf-8

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

# Serve the following file types with the media type `charset`
# parameter set to `UTF-8`.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addcharset

<IfModule mod_mime.c>
    AddCharset utf-8 .atom \
                     .bbaw \
                     .css \
                     .geojson \
                     .ics \
                     .js \
                     .json \
                     .jsonld \
                     .manifest \
                     .markdown \
                     .md \
                     .mjs \
                     .rdf \
                     .rss \
                     .topojson \
                     .vtt \
                     .webapp \
                     .webmanifest \
                     .xloc \
                     .xml
</IfModule>


# ######################################################################
# # REWRITES                                                           #
# ######################################################################

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Rewrite engine                                                     |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# (1) Turn on the rewrite engine (this is necessary in order for
#     the `RewriteRule` directives to work).
#
#     https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteEngine
#
# (2) Enable the `FollowSymLinks` option if it isn't already.
#
#     https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#options
#
# (3) If your web host doesn't allow the `FollowSymlinks` option,
#     you need to comment it out or remove it, and then uncomment
#     the `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch` line (4), but be aware
#     of the performance impact.
#
#     https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/misc/perf-tuning.html#symlinks
#
# (4) Some cloud hosting services will require you set `RewriteBase`.
#
#     https://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/frequently-asked-question/why-is-modrewrite-not-working-on-my-site
#     https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritebase
#
# (5) Depending on how your server is set up, you may also need to
#     use the `RewriteOptions` directive to enable some options for
#     the rewrite engine.
#
#     https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriteoptions
#
# (6) Set %{ENV:PROTO} variable, to allow rewrites to redirect with the
#     appropriate schema automatically (http or https).

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

    # (1)
    RewriteEngine On

    # (2)
    Options +FollowSymlinks

    # (3)
    # Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

    # (4)
    RewriteBase /

    # (5)
    # RewriteOptions <options>

    # (6)
    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on
    RewriteRule ^ - [env=proto:https]
    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
    RewriteRule ^ - [env=proto:http]

</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Forcing `https://`                                                 |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Redirect from the `http://` to the `https://` version of the URL.
# https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/RewriteHTTPToHTTPS

# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
#    RewriteEngine On
#    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
#    RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
# </IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Suppressing / Forcing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs          |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# The same content should never be available under two different
# URLs, especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning.
# This can cause SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore,
# you should choose one of the alternatives and redirect the other
# one.
#
# By default `Option 1` (no `www.`) is activated.
# https://web.archive.org/web/20161122074017/http://no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b
#
# If you would prefer to use `Option 2`, just comment out all the
# lines from `Option 1` and uncomment the ones from `Option 2`.
#
# (!) NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME!

# (1) The two rules assume by default that both HTTP and HTTPS
#     environnements are available for redirection.
#     If your SSL certificate could not handle one of the domains
#     used during redirection, you should turn the condition on.
#
#     https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache/issues/52

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

# Option 1: rewrite www.example.com → example.com

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    RewriteEngine On
    # (1)
    # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
    RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
</IfModule>

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

# Option 2: rewrite example.com → www.example.com
#
# Be aware that the following might not be a good idea if you use "real"
# subdomains for certain parts of your website.

# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
#     RewriteEngine On
#     # (1)
#     # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
#     RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
#     RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=127.0.0.1
#     RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=::1
#     RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
# </IfModule>


# ######################################################################
# # SECURITY                                                           #
# ######################################################################

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Blocks malicious bots                                              |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^BlackWidow [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Bot\ mailto:craftbot@yahoo.com [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ChinaClaw [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Custo [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^DISCo [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Download\ Demon [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^eCatch [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EirGrabber [OR] 
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EmailSiphon [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EmailWolf [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Express\ WebPictures [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ExtractorPro [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EyeNetIE [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^FlashGet [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^GetRight [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^GetWeb! [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Go!Zilla [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Go-Ahead-Got-It [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^GrabNet [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Grafula [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^HMView [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} HTTrack [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Image\ Stripper [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Image\ Sucker [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} Indy\ Library [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^InterGET [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Internet\ Ninja [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^JetCar [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^JOC\ Web\ Spider [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^larbin [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^LeechFTP [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mass\ Downloader [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^MIDown\ tool [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mister\ PiX [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Navroad [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NearSite [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NetAnts [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NetSpider [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Net\ Vampire [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NetZIP [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Octopus [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Offline\ Explorer [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Offline\ Navigator [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^PageGrabber [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Papa\ Foto [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^pavuk [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^pcBrowser [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^RealDownload [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ReGet [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SiteSnagger [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SmartDownload [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SuperBot [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SuperHTTP [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Surfbot [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^tAkeOut [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WWW-Mechanize [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Teleport\ Pro [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^VoidEYE [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Web\ Image\ Collector [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Web\ Sucker [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebAuto [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebCopier [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebFetch [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebGo\ IS [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebLeacher [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebReaper [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebSauger [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Website\ eXtractor [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Website\ Quester [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebStripper [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebWhacker [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebZIP [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Widow [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WWWOFFLE [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Xaldon\ WebSpider [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Toata\ dragostea\ mea\ pentru\ diavola [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla/5.0\ SF [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Zeus
	RewriteRule ^.* - [F,L]
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Block scanner bots and malacious input                             |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^w3af.sourceforge.net [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} dirbuster [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} nikto [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} sqlmap [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} fimap [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} nessus [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} whatweb [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} Openvas [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} jbrofuzz [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} libwhisker [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} webshag [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (havij|Netsparker|libwww-perl|python|nikto|curl|scan|java|winhttp|clshttp|loader) [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|%00) [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (;|<|>|'|"|\)|\(|%0A|%0D|%22|%27|%28|%3C|%3E|%00).*(libwww-perl|python|nikto|curl|scan|java|winhttp|HTTrack|clshttp|archiver|loader|email|harvest|extract|grab|miner) [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP:Acunetix-Product} ^WVS
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (<|%3C)([^s]*s)+cript.*(>|%3E) [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (<|%3C)([^e]*e)+mbed.*(>|%3E) [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (<|%3C)([^o]*o)+bject.*(>|%3E) [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (<|%3C)([^i]*i)+frame.*(>|%3E) [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} base64_(en|de)code[^(]*\([^)]*\) [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (%0A|%0D|\\r|\\n) [NC,OR]
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} union([^a]*a)+ll([^s]*s)+elect [NC]
	RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://127.0.0.1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Clickjacking                                                       |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Protect website against clickjacking.
#
# The example below sends the `X-Frame-Options` response header with
# the value `DENY`, informing browsers not to display the content of
# the web page in any frame.
#
# This might not be the best setting for everyone. You should read
# about the other two possible values the `X-Frame-Options` header
# field can have: `SAMEORIGIN` and `ALLOW-FROM`.
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034#section-2.1.
#
# Keep in mind that while you could send the `X-Frame-Options` header
# for all of your website’s pages, this has the potential downside that
# it forbids even non-malicious framing of your content (e.g.: when
# users visit your website using a Google Image Search results page).
#
# Nonetheless, you should ensure that you send the `X-Frame-Options`
# header for all pages that allow a user to make a state changing
# operation (e.g: pages that contain one-click purchase links, checkout
# or bank-transfer confirmation pages, pages that make permanent
# configuration changes, etc.).
#
# Sending the `X-Frame-Options` header can also protect your website
# against more than just clickjacking attacks:
# https://cure53.de/xfo-clickjacking.pdf.
#
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ieinternals/2010/03/30/combating-clickjacking-with-x-frame-options/
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking

<IfModule mod_headers.c>

    Header set X-Frame-Options "DENY"

    # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however,
    # the `X-Frame-Options` response header should be send only for
    # HTML documents and not for the other resources.

    <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ic[os]|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$">
        Header unset X-Frame-Options
    </FilesMatch>

</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | File access                                                        |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Block access to directories without a default document.
#
# You should leave the following uncommented, as you shouldn't allow
# anyone to surf through every directory on your server (which may
# includes rather private places such as the CMS's directories).

<IfModule mod_autoindex.c>
    Options -Indexes
</IfModule>

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

# Block access to all hidden files and directories with the exception of
# the visible content from within the `/.well-known/` hidden directory.
#
# These types of files usually contain user preferences or the preserved
# state of an utility, and can include rather private places like, for
# example, the `.git` or `.svn` directories.
#
# The `/.well-known/` directory represents the standard (RFC 5785) path
# prefix for "well-known locations" (e.g.: `/.well-known/manifest.json`,
# `/.well-known/keybase.txt`), and therefore, access to its visible
# content should not be blocked.
#
# https://www.mnot.net/blog/2010/04/07/well-known
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5785

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} "!(^|/)\.well-known/([^./]+./?)+$" [NC]
    RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR]
    RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f
    RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F]
</IfModule>

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

# Block access to files that can expose sensitive information.
#
# By default, block access to backup and source files that may be
# left by some text editors and can pose a security risk when anyone
# has access to them.
#
# https://feross.org/cmsploit/
#
# (!) Update the `<FilesMatch>` regular expression from below to
# include any files that might end up on your production server and
# can expose sensitive information about your website. These files may
# include: configuration files, files that contain metadata about the
# project (e.g.: project dependencies), build scripts, etc..

<FilesMatch "(^#.*#|\.(bak|conf|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|orig|psd|sh|sql|sw[op])|~)$">

    # Apache < 2.3
    <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
        Order allow,deny
        Deny from all
        Satisfy All
    </IfModule>

    # Apache ≥ 2.3
    <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
        Require all denied
    </IfModule>

</FilesMatch>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)                              |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Force client-side SSL redirection.
#
# If a user types `example.com` in their browser, even if the server
# redirects them to the secure version of the website, that still leaves
# a window of opportunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker
# to downgrade or redirect the request.
#
# The following header ensures that browser will ONLY connect to your
# server via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the browser's
# address bar.
#
# (!) Remove the `includeSubDomains` optional directive if the website's
# subdomains are not using HTTPS.
#
# https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-14#section-6.1
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ieinternals/2014/08/18/strict-transport-security/

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains"
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Reducing MIME type security risks                                  |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Prevent some browsers from MIME-sniffing the response.
#
# This reduces exposure to drive-by download attacks and cross-origin
# data leaks, and should be left uncommented, especially if the server
# is serving user-uploaded content or content that could potentially be
# treated as executable by the browser.
#
# https://www.slideshare.net/hasegawayosuke/owasp-hasegawa
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-v-comprehensive-protection/
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941.aspx
# https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks                       |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# (1) Try to re-enable the cross-site scripting (XSS) filter built
#     into most web browsers.
#
#     The filter is usually enabled by default, but in some cases it
#     may be disabled by the user. However, in Internet Explorer for
#     example, it can be re-enabled just by sending the
#     `X-XSS-Protection` header with the value of `1`.
#
# (2) Prevent web browsers from rendering the web page if a potential
#     reflected (a.k.a non-persistent) XSS attack is detected by the
#     filter.
#
#     By default, if the filter is enabled and browsers detect a
#     reflected XSS attack, they will attempt to block the attack
#     by making the smallest possible modifications to the returned
#     web page.
#
#     Unfortunately, in some browsers (e.g.: Internet Explorer),
#     this default behavior may allow the XSS filter to be exploited,
#     thereby, it's better to inform browsers to prevent the rendering
#     of the page altogether, instead of attempting to modify it.
#
#     https://hackademix.net/2009/11/21/ies-xss-filter-creates-xss-vulnerabilities
#
# (!) Do not rely on the XSS filter to prevent XSS attacks! Ensure that
#     you are taking all possible measures to prevent XSS attacks, the
#     most obvious being: validating and sanitizing your website's inputs.
#
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter/
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ieinternals/2011/01/31/controlling-the-xss-filter/
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_%28XSS%29

<IfModule mod_headers.c>

    #                           (1)    (2)
    Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"

    # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however,
    # the `X-XSS-Protection` response header should be send only for
    # HTML documents and not for the other resources.

    <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ic[os]|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$">
        Header unset X-XSS-Protection
    </FilesMatch>

</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Server-side technology information                                 |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Remove the `X-Powered-By` response header that:
#
#  * is set by some frameworks and server-side languages
#    (e.g.: ASP.NET, PHP), and its value contains information
#    about them (e.g.: their name, version number)
#
#  * doesn't provide any value to users, contributes to header
#    bloat, and in some cases, the information it provides can
#    expose vulnerabilities
#
# (!) If you can, you should disable the `X-Powered-By` header from the
# language / framework level (e.g.: for PHP, you can do that by setting
# `expose_php = off` in `php.ini`)
#
# https://php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.expose-php

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header unset X-Powered-By
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Server software information                                        |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Prevent Apache from adding a trailing footer line containing
# information about the server to the server-generated documents
# (e.g.: error messages, directory listings, etc.)
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#serversignature

ServerSignature Off

# ######################################################################
# # WEB PERFORMANCE                                                    #
# ######################################################################

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Compression                                                        |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

<IfModule mod_deflate.c>

    # Force compression for mangled `Accept-Encoding` request headers
    # https://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/pushing-beyond-gzipping-25601.html

    <IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
        <IfModule mod_headers.c>
            SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
            RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
        </IfModule>
    </IfModule>

    # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    # Compress all output labeled with one of the following media types.
    #
    # (!) For Apache versions below version 2.3.7 you don't need to
    # enable `mod_filter` and can remove the `<IfModule mod_filter.c>`
    # and `</IfModule>` lines as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in
    # the core directives.
    #
    # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_filter.html#addoutputfilterbytype

    <IfModule mod_filter.c>
        AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE "application/atom+xml" \
                                      "application/javascript" \
                                      "application/json" \
                                      "application/ld+json" \
                                      "application/manifest+json" \
                                      "application/rdf+xml" \
                                      "application/rss+xml" \
                                      "application/schema+json" \
                                      "application/vnd.geo+json" \
                                      "application/vnd.ms-fontobject" \
                                      "application/x-font-ttf" \
                                      "application/x-javascript" \
                                      "application/x-web-app-manifest+json" \
                                      "application/xhtml+xml" \
                                      "application/xml" \
                                      "font/collection" \
                                      "font/eot" \
                                      "font/opentype" \
                                      "font/otf" \
                                      "font/ttf" \
                                      "image/bmp" \
                                      "image/svg+xml" \
                                      "image/vnd.microsoft.icon" \
                                      "image/x-icon" \
                                      "text/cache-manifest" \
                                      "text/calendar" \
                                      "text/css" \
                                      "text/html" \
                                      "text/javascript" \
                                      "text/plain" \
                                      "text/markdown" \
                                      "text/vcard" \
                                      "text/vnd.rim.location.xloc" \
                                      "text/vtt" \
                                      "text/x-component" \
                                      "text/x-cross-domain-policy" \
                                      "text/xml"

    </IfModule>

    # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    # Map the following filename extensions to the specified
    # encoding type in order to make Apache serve the file types
    # with the appropriate `Content-Encoding` response header
    # (do note that this will NOT make Apache compress them!).
    #
    # If these files types would be served without an appropriate
    # `Content-Enable` response header, client applications (e.g.:
    # browsers) wouldn't know that they first need to uncompress
    # the response, and thus, wouldn't be able to understand the
    # content.
    #
    # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addencoding

    <IfModule mod_mime.c>
        AddEncoding gzip              svgz
    </IfModule>

</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | ETags                                                              |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Remove `ETags` as resources are sent with far-future expires headers.
#
# https://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-2.3

# `FileETag None` doesn't work in all cases.
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header unset ETag
</IfModule>

FileETag None