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davekobrenski/moments.json

Created February 17, 2020 18:32
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IWLM moments json - by decade
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moments.json
{
"thumbnailRatios": {
"square": [
500,
500
],
"landscape": [
500,
375
],
"portrait": [
500,
670
]
},
"moments": {
"1500s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "The mythic Queen Calafia ruled an island called California that was rich with gold and populated by beautiful black warrior women in the romance novel by Spanish author Garcia Ordonez de Montalvo titled, “Las Sergas de Esplandián” (“The Deeds of Esplandián). Calafia has inspired artists and writers and has come to symbolize Calafia has been depicted as the Spirit of California and has been the subject of modern-day sculpture, paintings, stories and films.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1500,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "e3d8d7cc-e5f0-4a7c-a7f7-254495e7e9a9",
"image": "https://doppiocms.com/config/files/client/womeninspire/iwlm/1580407420f2134f.jpg",
"thumbnail": "https://doppiocms.com/config/files/client/womeninspire/iwlm/15804074204d695218-cropped.jpg",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Calafia",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1660s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "Virginia enacts a law that says a child born to an enslaved mother inherits her slave status. This legal basis for inherited racial slavery would endure for two centuries and spread westward.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1662,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "ba68fa3f-fc5d-4a2d-809a-d0dadd736390",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Hereditary slavery becomes law",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1790s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "Nearly 100 years before the word “feminist” existed, Mary Wollstonecraft wrote that women are the intellectual equals of men, deserving of equal treatment and opportunities. The British social critic, philosopher, and writer was an icon to many suffragists in the 20th century.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1792,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "97e06042-83b2-4488-815d-ec6814351745",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1830s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "Maria Stewart, a free-born African American journalist, abolitionist, and women’s rights activist demanded equal rights for African American women in this speech in Boston’s African Masonic Lodge. She is the first known American woman to speak to a mixed audience of men and women, white and black. She is also the first African American woman to make public lectures, as well as to lecture about women’s rights and make a public anti-slavery speech.Her claim that black men lacked “ambition and requisite courage” caused an uproar among the audience, and Stewart decided to retire from giving lectures",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1832,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "1ec2992b-c39e-4e76-a290-fc522eea00b8",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“Why Sit Ye Here and Die?”",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1840s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends war between Mexico and the United States and transfers California to the United States. It \ngave the rights of citizenship and the right to property to Mexicans living in the newly acquired territory. But that provision was widely ignored after gold was discovered in 1850. These land holdings became the target of squatters and unscrupulous real estate speculators. Many Mexican Americans lost everything.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1848,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "4d94f05c-4565-494f-b2b7-22c3acf4aae2",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "U.S. acquires California",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1850s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "In its first session, the California legislature passed the Act for the Government and Protection of Indians that essentially forced many Native Americans into servitude. It allowed white citizens to take Native American children from their families and into work apprenticeships.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1850,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "cfa94ce6-f301-40fa-bfe6-add633b0b762",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Slavery of Native Americans legalized",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1860s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees black equality and full citizenship. But it also explicitly applies voting rights to men.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1868,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "4d0f4a1d-76e4-4de8-8ece-580e6b39ed7f",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Fourteenth Amendment adopted",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1870s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "The University of California began admitting women two years after it was founded and a time when women made up about 36% of the state’s population. Rosa Scrivner was the first female graduate, earning a degree in agriculture in 1874.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1870,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "c0c92d63-5d22-4175-914c-01b260bff1a2",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "The University of California admits women",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The first restrictive federal immigration law in the United States, the Page Act effectively banned the entry of Chinese women. The first Chinese immigrants were mostly males who lacked the money to send for their wives, and a a prostitution industry developed in the male Chinese immigrant community. It became a serious issue to Americans living in San Francisco. The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act would go on to ban immigration by Chinese men as well.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1875,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "00758adc-9287-42b6-902d-095c26c234fe",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Chinese women barred from U.S.",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1890s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "The bicycle gave women new transportation independence and by the 1890s there were many on the road. (Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton are credited with declaring that “woman is riding to suffrage on the bicycle.”) The bicycle also gave women new freedom because riding one required that skirts be shorter and less restrictive. \n\nNote this from the “San Francisco Call” newspaper in 1985: \n\n“What the interested public wishes to know is, Where are all the women on wheels going? Is there a grand rendezvous somewhere toward which they are all headed and where they will some time hold a meet that will cause this wobbly old world to wake up and readjust itself?”",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1890,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "5b86f44b-0eaf-4cf2-9ff6-70a38e5e387d",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "The bicycle",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Women’s suffrage was defeated the first time it was put to a statewide vote, largely because of opposition in Bay Area counties. Suffrage supporters included the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, and Bay Area liquor distillers and saloons feared that women—if given the vote—would ban alcohol. Women had to organize in each state because the U.S. Supreme Court took the phrase “all men are created equal” literally and ruled that protection under the U.S. Constitution did not include women.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1896,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "9d4e00f6-578a-4141-977b-41926e521d40",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "California rejects vote for women",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1900s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "The white attire worn by suffragists stood out on the pages of newspapers. And adopting a color rather than a specific garment meant income was no barrier to doing the cause. White has been worn by women at other key moments in history ever since: by Shirley Chisholm when she became the first African American woman elected to Congress, by Geraldine Ferraro when she made her acceptance speech as the first female vice presidential candidate on a major party ticket, by Hillary Clinton as she accepted the Democratic nomination for president, by female members of Congress during the State of the Union address. An image of Chisholm would be good here to be clear that we are talking about white clothing, not white people.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1900,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "01c505fd-dece-4251-87a8-b5dfaee91774",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Women in white",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Thousands of Japanese women came to Los Angeles as “picture brides” for the predominantly male Japanese migrants who came the early years of the 20th century. Because Japanese were generally denied access to health services by area hospitals and doctors, the Japanese community had to rely on its own for care, especially in childbirth. A number of women who immigrated were sanba, or midwives. Rooted in the Japanese health care movement of the early 20th century that sought to professionalize and license the practice of midwifery to maintain the health of women and babies.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1903,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "6fc0da23-5083-4602-9e0b-45e07f96e75b",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Sanba",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Barred from women’s clubs, African American women formed their own as self-help organizations and ways to rally around suffrage. Prominent among them was the Sojourner Truth Industrial Club was formed to improve the low wages and bad working conditions faced by black women.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1904,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "1ee75222-5381-43eb-a6a9-4d55a3934e15",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Sojourner Truth Industrial Club",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1910s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "Learning from the earlier defeat, suffrage supporters anticipated opposition by saloon and business interests in cities and concentrated their forces on the rural districts. Just before the election, 10,000 people gathered for a final “monster rally” in San Francisco. The measure passed by only 3,587 votes – an average majority of one vote in each precinct in the state! The final tally was 125,037 to 121,450. Although the measure was defeated in San Francisco, the city nevertheless the biggest in the nation in which women could vote. However, Californians born in China and those unable “to read the constitution in the English language and write their name.” were still barred from voting.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1911,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "25dfe446-a3dc-4feb-a0bb-513821c447e8",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "California women win suffrage",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "https://archives.cdn.sos.ca.gov/pdf/suffrage/tm5153-equality-brand-tea.pdf\nSuffragists raised money for political organizing with sales of tea. Equality Tea was sold in Northern California and spread throughout the state in advance of the 1911 vote on suffrage. In Southern California, Nancy Tuttle Craig, one of the only female grocers in the state, packaged and sold Votes for Women tea.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1911,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "5957f06c-5a0f-4396-8932-834d258d5806",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Equality tea",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1920s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "Hundreds of Nisei youth clubs offered the daughters of Japanese immigrants a a place to socialize and develop leadership skills at a time when they faced racial barriers. (There are many images available)",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1920,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "f39e3d2b-ffed-46cd-959b-7f5396e5e00c",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Nisei clubs",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution is signed into law, ensuring the right of all U.S. women to vote. Perhaps an image of a California celebration would make this more California-focused.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1920,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "6475f14e-55b0-4d8c-9597-4050b5a0833d",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "The 19th Amendment becomes law",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The first version of an Equal Rights Amendment is introduced. It says, “Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction.” Middle-class women were largely supportive, but advocates for working- class women argued that those who needed to work from economic necessity needed special protections such as restrictions on heavy lifting and maternity provisions. The ERA was introduced in every congressional session between 1921 and 1972, it almost never reached the floor of either the Senate or the House for a vote.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1923,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "a247ec35-80c6-42de-814f-436b021176e4",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "The Equal Rights Amendment introduced",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "At a time when most birth control clinics were sponsored by white people for white women, California was one of two states where clinics were operated by and for African Americans, thanks to Dr. Ruth Janetta Temple, the first black woman physician in Los Angeles. She and her husband founded this clinic to provide free and affordable healthcare and education to underserved communities.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1928,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "f6135db1-200e-4ce7-bb54-56f22e426fcd",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Temple Health Institute",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1940s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "Rosie the Riveter was the face of a campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for defense industries during World War II. Rosie was apparently inspired by a 1942 photograph of Naomi Parker Fraley, who worked in the machine shop at the Naval Air Station in Alameda.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1942,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "e790ec21-e948-435c-b156-6fff0cbfcc70",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Rosie the Riveter",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "During World War II, African American women on the homefront mounted a Double Victory campaign against segregation at home and fascism abroad. The worked to redefine citizenship, equating their patriotism with war work, and seeking equal employment opportunities, government entitlements, and better working conditions as conditions appropriate for full citizens. While the campaign did not achieve its goals during the war (segregation in the armed forces remained official policy until 1948), it galvanized black people and liberal whites around a mission whose power derived from its simple message.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1942,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "9eb7381b-9d8e-4bef-916f-75cdf1137b2b",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "The Double V campaign",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Felicitas Gómez Martínez de Méndez and her husband led an educational civil rights battle that changed California and set an important legal precedent for ending segregation in the United States. Their landmark desegregation case was known as Mendez v. Westminster. A stamp, issued in 2007 to mark the 60th anniversary of the legal decision, would be a good image.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1947,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "9df3d25c-9cda-4fd0-93d8-a6706af2479f",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "School segregation challenged",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1950s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "Created by L.A. businesswoman Ruth Handler, Barbie has or decades been the most popular doll in the U.S. Handler, who served as president of Mattel Inc., got the idea after watching her daughter Barbara pretend her paper dolls were adults. At a time when stores didn’t sell adult dolls, Handler set out to make a grown-up three-dimensional doll. Critiqued for reinforcing stereotypes about women and female attractiveness, Barbie has evolved over time. There is now a gender-neutral version of the doll.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1959,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "12a17f54-baf0-4d7e-aba8-b4ec029e059d",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Barbie",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1960s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves the first commercially produced birth control pill in the world, allowing women to control when and if they have children. In the post-pill era, the average age of first marriage rose as women and couples no longer felt they needed to wait to become sexually active. The rate of women in professional schools also increased.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1960,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "0b94809c-37f2-4ddd-b15d-9286b244a6a7",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "The Pill",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Cecilia Chiang, a Chinese-American chef, author, and founder of the Mandarin Restaurant in San Francisco, is credited with introducing San Francisco, and the United States to authentic Northern Chinese cuisine.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1961,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "66ff79c0-15c5-4a9f-879d-d08ed6e9fa04",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“The Seventh Daughter”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The federal Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bars employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin and religion. It the legal tool for dismantling not only race-based but also gender-based discrimination.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1964,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "8ea91a3f-8c87-49a4-83a6-1f744ec07835",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Gender discrimination prohibited",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "This film about the adventures of two girls in an all-girls Catholic school run by nuns was directed by Ida Lupino, one of very few working female directors of the era. The nearly all-female cast includes Hayley Mills (in her first post-Disney film role), Rosalind Russell and June Harding.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1966,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "2a39523a-6d26-40cb-8746-45721acece62",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“The Trouble with Angels”",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1970s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "California adopted the nation’s first “no fault” divorce law, allowing divorce by mutual consent. Feminist groups favored the change because it provided women an escape hatch from desperately unhappy or abusive marriages.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1970,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "fecc93cc-8658-46cf-a26f-4731ed84e394",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Divorce reform",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "A group of female UC Berkeley students march into the men’s locker room to demand that women be allowed to take karate classes in the physical education department. They extended protests to the chancellor’s office, demanding not only access to self-defense training but also an end to employment discrimination, the creation of women’s history courses, and free childcare for employees and students at the university.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1970,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "7ca83f43-4d1f-4270-aa37-04d7508f13e7",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Karate protest",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Timed for the 50th anniversary of women’s suffrage, the Women’s Strike for Equality was sponsored by the National Organization for Women and organized by its first president, Betty Friedan. The biggest march, in New York, which was the largest women’s rights rally since the suffrage campaigns. Women gathered in cities across the nation, including Los Angeles and San Francisco. Their goals were access to free abortion, round-the-clock childcare centers and equal opportunities in work and education. The event took place at the end of the working day in an effort to boost participation.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1970,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "bdb90105-dcea-4cb2-a8cb-183b374c9983",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Women’s Strike for Equality",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The Women’s Center on Crenshaw became home to the beginning of the women’s self-help movement and the site of Women’s Self-Help One. Founded by six women, including Carol Aurilla Downer and Evelyn Lorraine Rothman, the clinic combined education and self-examination to take control of their bodies and reproduction.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1971,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "493076ca-9e04-4f6a-98df-a341faa424a1",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Women’s Self-Help One",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The Equal Rights Amendment is reintroduced in Congress and submitted to the states in 1972 with a deadline of 1979 for ratification. California is one of 35 of the necessary 38 states to ratify the amendment, which is backed by both major political parties, both houses of Congress, and Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Carter. But it fails after Phyllis Schlafly mobilizes conservative women against it, arguing that it would hurt full-time homemakers, cause women to be drafted into the military, and threaten their rights in a divorce such as alimony.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1972,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "6aa07c7f-78f7-4054-8db1-3cdf10dfcba6",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Campaign to pass the ERA",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The Emergency Shelter Program Inc., now Ruby’s Place, was established in Hayward by a group of women who attended church together. It is believed to be the first shelter in the nation for women who have been abused. The group also established a local domestic violence hotline. Before the shelter was officially open volunteers housed women in their own homes.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1972,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "47b24b7f-274a-41c2-ad95-c78c62411e14",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "First women’s shelter",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Title IX, part of the Education Amendments of 1972, says: “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.” It has been the basis of complaints against schools charged with not properly responding to the issue of sexual assault. But its most famous impact has been on school sports programs. Because almost every college in the U.S. receives some kind of federal funding, female athletes were able to use Title IX to argue that schools should take women’s athletics as seriously as they did men’s. Before Title IX, less than 300,000 girls played high school. Nearly 3 million did in 2001.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
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"date": 1972,
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"thumbnail": "",
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"title_en": "Title IX changes school sports",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "This record album, book (and later, a TV special) uses songs, poetry, and sketches to teach children the value of tolerance and comfort with one’s identify. It was conceived and created by actress and author Marlo Thomas and produced in collaboration with the Ms. Foundation for Women. It features Alan Alda, Rosey Grier, Cicely Tyson, Carol Channing, Michael Jackson, Roberta Flack, Shirley Jones, Jack Cassidy, and Diana Ross. A major thematic message is that anyone—whether a boy or a girl—can achieve anything.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
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"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1972,
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"title_en": "“Free to Be…You and Me”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Olivia was a lesbian feminist record production company in a male-dominated profession. Employing only women, the company moved to California and produced albums for artists like Cris Williamson and Meg Christian.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1973,
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"title_en": "Olivia Records",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Roe v. Wade was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court that the U.S. Constitution protects a pregnant woman’s freedom to choose to have an abortion without excessive government restriction. It set off a contentious national debate about whether abortion should be legal and who should make the decision.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
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"date": 1973,
"displaying": 1,
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"title_en": "Roe v. Wade",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Chinese American author Maxine Hong Kingston’s book mixes autobiography with Chinese folktales.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1976,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "885efd13-ec23-4a73-841b-0d66d1d006b9",
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"title_en": "“The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "This series of interconnected panels is artist Judith Baca’s first mural. It depicts history of California “as seen through the eyes of women and minorities” in many connected panels. Each section of the wall was designed by a different artist under Baca’s supervision More than 400 community youth and artists participated. The mural is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
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"date": 1978,
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"title_en": "Great Wall of Los Angeles",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The first known “Take Back the Night” march in the United States was organized in San Francisco on November 4, 1978. Part vigil for women who’ve been touched by violence and part protest against that violence, Take Back The Night marches continue to this day in cities and on college campuses in California and the world.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
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"date": 1978,
"displaying": 1,
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"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Take Back the Night protest",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Sigourney Weaver’s Ellen Ripley is no damsel—she’s a badass final girl and the only survivor to defeat the monster that mutilated and destroyed every other member of the Nostromo crew.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1979,
"displaying": 1,
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"title_en": "“Alien”",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1980s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "Jane Fonda, Lily Tomlin, and Dolly Parton are three secretaries who take revenge on their sexist, tyrannical boss.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1980,
"displaying": 1,
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"title_en": "“Nine to Five”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "https://artinprint.org/article/ester-hernandez-sun-mad/\nUsing the well-known image that suggest California sun and health, this poster expresses California artist Ester Hernández’s anger at the human and environmental cost of pesticides used to grow grapes. It is one of the best-known images of Latinix activist art.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1981,
"displaying": 1,
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"thumbnail": "",
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"title_en": "Sun Mad Raisins poster",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The first book by noted author bell hooks is titled after Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I a Woman?” speech. Hooks looks at the impact of racism and sexism on black women.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1981,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "92f42fba-6340-4567-ad07-4c5c898bc15f",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“Ain’t I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Alice Walker’s “The Color Purple” novel won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction. It was adapted into a film and musical of the same name. It looks as the life of African-American women in the South in the 1930s",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1982,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "80521d6d-15ed-44be-95d0-734165814551",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“The Color Purple”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Written, directed and produced by women, Susan Seidelman’s comedy is about a ’50s housewife who wants to trade the mundane for the exciting is a fun watch. It stars Madonnna.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1985,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "84330eca-08ef-43fb-baa1-cd58a07e3919",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“Desperately Seeking Susan”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild and Anne Machung argue that the family has been stuck in a “stalled revolution.” Most mothers work for pay outside the home—that’s the revolution. But the jobs they go out to and men they come home to haven’t changed as much. Working mothers end up doing the lion’s share of the work—both emotional and physical.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1989,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "8e96ce69-71a0-4e63-bb5a-808198c61eda",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home”",
"title_es": "TBD"
}
],
"1990s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "Riot grrrl combines feminism, punk style, and politics. It is both a movement that began in the Pacific Northwest and a musical genre that came out of indie rock, with the punk scene serving as an inspiration for a musical movement in which women could express themselves in the same way men had been doing for years. Riot grrrl bands address issues such as domestic abuse, sexuality, racism, and female empowerment. Carrie Rachel Brownstein, who now lives in California and is known for her acting role in “Portlandia,” first came to prominence in the movement as a member of the band Excuse 17 before forming the rock trio Sleater-Kinney.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1990,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "e69e30f9-f4ee-4b30-8484-6ef8ef62745b",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Riot Grrrl",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "In this best-seller, Naomi Wolfe wrote that an obsession with physical perfection traps the modern woman in an endless spiral of hope, self-consciousness, and self-hatred as she tries to fulfill society’s impossible definition of “the flawless beauty.”",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
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"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1991,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "9fdd4ffd-cbf7-490b-b5af-1ecb72a5f3fd",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Susan Sarandon and Gena Davis are a pair outlaws who are anything but passive in this female buddy movie. The screenplay was also written by a woman: Callie Khouri.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1991,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "2a20284f-8148-40ce-81ea-bf0575b37a95",
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"title_en": "“Thelma and Louise”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The year 1992 has been called the Year of the Woman because of the number of female senators in the United States. It was rooted in the hotly contested Senate confirmation hearings for Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas involving sexual harassment allegations by law professor Anita Hill. The hearings highlighted the dearth of women in the Senate: there were only two and neither was on the committee that held the hearings. The number grew to five after the election. They included Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein, making California the first state to be represented by two women in the Senate.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1992,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "fc862dc2-104b-4f97-b628-0d8fcbed128d",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Year of the Woman",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "In this Grammy Award-winning song by rapper/actress Queen Latifah she protests the disrespect of women in society, taking on theissues of street harassment, domestic violence, and slurs against women in hip-hop culture. **Important to note: The words “bitch” and “hoe” are in this song, but because of its message, it got airplay without censorship.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1993,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "05750347-64a4-4fa7-90c2-47bf2fa51b3e",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“U.N.I.T.Y.”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Gwen Stefani of the Anaheim band No Doubt wrote this song because she thought her parents were too strict. But its satiric lyrics take aim at a male-centric world.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1995,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "04ce7d29-7f76-42b3-a318-4422fd5e31e0",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
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"title_en": "“Just a Girl”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "This romantic comedy-drama film is written, directed, and edited by Oakland resident Cheryl Dunye. It stars Dunye as Cheryl, young black lesbian working a day job in a video store while trying to make a film about a black actress from the 1930s known for playing the stereotypical “mammy” of the era. It was the first feature film directed by an out black lesbian.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 1996,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "1bdbae26-36f0-4131-9073-c818e56934df",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
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"title_en": "“The Watermelon Woman”",
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}
],
"2000s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom’s decision to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples started as an act of civil disobedience and turned into a 29-day saga during which more than 4,000 couples wed.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2004,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "faeff1d9-30a3-4ef8-b9c5-79b78767b21d",
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"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Same-sex marriage licenses issued",
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},
{
"bodyText_en": "Selma Hayak stars in this film about the iconic symbol of feminism, which was also directed by a woman, Julie Taymor. Years later, Hayak accused Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment in the making of the film.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2004,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "39c87b88-2dc3-474f-9dd0-9ef23f16682c",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“Frida”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The hashtag was invented by community organizer Tarana Burke and started a national conversation after it was deployed on Twitter by actor Alyssa Milano in allegations of sexual abuse by producer Harvey Weinstein’s sexual abuse. Within the first 24 hours of her tweet, 4.7 million people had used the hashtag on Facebook in 12 million posts. In this context, many powerful men have been called out and sometimes lost their jobs for their treatment of women.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2006,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "229c3c7e-4e3c-4054-8c98-cb32c974e6e9",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "#MeToo",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Restoration Act makes it easier for women to sue an employer for pay discrimination. It extends the amount of time a woman has to file a lawsuit because employee may not be initially aware that they are being discriminated against.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2009,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "ab225ba8-1834-44ef-8f99-6eca8c3d8d92",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "New tool for pay equity",
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}
],
"2010s": [
{
"bodyText_en": "https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-everyones-saying-black-girls-are-magic-20150909-htmlstory.html\n\nThis hashtag, popularized by CaShawn Thompson, is used on social media to celebrate the accomplishments of black women.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2013,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "87c2789c-3b4a-40ba-8ed1-4a78324f525d",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "#BlackGirlMagic",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "The U.S. lifted the ban on female service members in combat roles, a watershed policy change that was informed by women’s valor in Iraq and Afghanistan in the battlefield jobs open to them.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2013,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "5cb40a85-005e-4f08-ad4c-83f62e4ff4da",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Combat roles open to women",
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},
{
"bodyText_en": "Elsa and Anna are sisters in the animated “Frozen” films. Unlike earlier Disney films, the sisters’ bond—rather than a handsome prince— s at the center of the films. The films’ co-writer and co-director is Jennifer Lee, the first woman to direct a Walt Disney animated feature and first female director of a feature film that earned more than $1 billion in gross box office revenue",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2013,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "6c94d247-30da-4fdd-bc9f-ee31ee833fd0",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Elsa and Anna",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Following the lead of New York and Hawaii, California makes nannies, private healthcare aides and other domestic workers in the state eligible for overtime pay if they work more than nine hours a day or 45 hours a week.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2014,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "9e585f82-8a27-4cc6-a216-309c82e2fc6f",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Domestic Workers Bill of Rights",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "This book by Rebecca Solnit writes about the modern feminist experience.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2014,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "cc93a53c-0f99-4ffb-96d5-740ce5847c0c",
"image": "",
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"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“Men Explain Things to Me”",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "“Quiet” is a song co-written, co-produced, and performed by MILCK, the stage name of the Los Angeles artist Connie Lim. It became the unofficial anthem of the 2017 Women’s March in Washington after she organized a capella performances of the song.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2015,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "2a14cd3b-e0de-412c-baaa-8c3936645c92",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "“Quiet”",
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},
{
"bodyText_en": "This law aimed to close loopholes in the California Equal Pay Act of 1949, which failed to erase the wage gap between men and women. As of 2015, female workers made only 80 cents for every dollar earned by male workers thus putting the gender wage gap. A key feature of the law is that it prevents employers from discriminating against its employees who discuss, disclose, or inquire about their co-workers’ pay. The law has been called the strongest equal pay legislation in the nation.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2016,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "3218b711-77c4-4038-998b-df5f87683ea3",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "California Fair Pay Act",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "This statue in San Francisco’s Chinatown is the first sculpture placed in a major U.S. city to commemorate the comfort women. It memorializes the women forced by the Japanese government to become sex slaves during World War II. To protest the statue, the mayor of Osaka, Japan, has threatened to end the sisterhood between his city and San Francisco.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2017,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "d09efc0b-6c06-4fa5-a127-87d38831b80e",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Comfort Women Memorial",
"title_es": "TBD"
},
{
"bodyText_en": "Women wore these hand-crafted pink hats in the 2017 Women’s March, a worldwide event. In the U.S., marches took place in many cities in what was perhaps the largest single-day protest in U.S. history. The Pussyhat Project was an effort initiated by Krista Suh and Jayna Zweiman, a screenwriter and architect in Los Angeles, designed to protest President Trump’s derogatory remarks about women. It was held on Inauguration day.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2017,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "d43437c5-73e0-482d-983a-a3a2b47ffa9e",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Pussy Hat",
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},
{
"bodyText_en": "State law requires publicly traded corporations based in California to have at least one woman on their board of directors by Jan. 1, 2020, and as many as three by 2021, depending on the size of the board. Failure to comply is costly: a $100,000 fine may be levied for failing the first step; the fine for failing to meet the 2021 requirement could cost $300,000 per woman not added to a board.\nThe law is being challenged in court.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2018,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "dbf346f7-3a68-423f-9c44-a9cdc65742d3",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "Women on corporate boards",
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},
{
"bodyText_en": "Jessica Meir and Christina Koch complete the first all-women walk in space—an event that had been postponed because NASA lacked enough spacesuits to fit women.",
"bodyText_es": "TBD",
"caption_en": "TBD",
"caption_es": "TBD",
"date": 2019,
"displaying": 1,
"id": "b23d5778-6d8c-4094-ad3c-1c22cf403c10",
"image": "",
"thumbnail": "",
"thumbnailRatio": "square",
"title_en": "All-women spacewalk",
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}
]
}
}
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