probability.rb

input = "If you are self-motivated, wow, this world is tailored for you. The boundaries are all gone. But if you're not self-motivated, this world will be a challenge because the walls, ceilings and floors that protected people are also disappearing. That is what I mean when I say \"it is a 401(k) world.\" Government will do less for you. Companies will do less for you. Unions can do less for you. There will be fewer limits, but also fewer guarantees. Your specific contribution will define your specific benefits much more. Just showing up will not cut it. - T. Friedman".downcase
pair = "ou"
third = "r"

pairs = (0..input.length-2).inject({}) do |h,i|
   key, val = input[i,2], input[i + 2]
   h[key] = {} unless h[key]
   h[key][val] = (h[key][val] || 0) + 1 if val
   h
end

p "Pairs:"
pairs.keys.sort.each { |k| p k }

prob = if pairs[pair] && pairs[pair][third]
 ( pairs[pair][third].to_f / pairs[pair].values.reduce(:+).to_f ) * 100 
else
 0
end

p "Probability:"
p "#{prob}%"