Skip to content

Instantly share code, notes, and snippets.

@davekpython

davekpython/graphics.py

Created February 2, 2013 16:11
Show Gist options
  • Star 0 You must be signed in to star a gist
  • Fork 0 You must be signed in to fork a gist
  • Save davekpython/4698027 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Save davekpython/4698027 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Download ZIP
mooc a gentle intro to python - animate a wheel
Raw
graphics.py
# graphics.py
##"""Simple object oriented graphics library
##
##The library is designed to make it very easy for novice programmers to
##experiment with computer graphics in an object oriented fashion. It is
##written by John Zelle for use with the book "Python Programming: An
##Introduction to Computer Science" (Franklin, Beedle & Associates).
##
##LICENSE: This is open-source software released under the terms of the
##GPL (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html).
##
##PLATFORMS: The package is a wrapper around Tkinter and should run on
##any platform where Tkinter is available.
##
##INSTALLATION: Put this file somewhere where Python can see it.
##
##OVERVIEW: There are two kinds of objects in the library. The CanvasFrame
##class implements a window where drawing can be done and various
##GraphicsObjects are provided that can be drawn into a CanvasFrame. As a
##simple example, here is a complete program to draw a circle of radius
##10 centered in a 100x100 window:
##
##--------------------------------------------------------------------
##from graphics import *
##
##def main():
## win = CanvasFrame("My Circle", 100, 100)
## c = Circle(Point(50,50), 10)
## c.draw(win)
## win.getMouse() // Pause to view result
##
##main()
##--------------------------------------------------------------------
##CanvasFrame objects support coordinate transformation through the
##setCoords method and pointer-based input through getMouse.
##
##The library provides the following graphical objects:
## Point
## Line
## Circle
## Oval
## Rectangle
## Polygon
## Text
## Entry (for text-based input)
## Image
##
##Various attributes of graphical objects can be set such as
##outline-color, fill-color and line-width. Graphical objects also
##support moving and hiding for animation effects.
##
##The library also provides a very simple class for pixel-based image
##manipulation, Pixmap. A pixmap can be loaded from a file and displayed
##using an Image object. Both getPixel and setPixel methods are provided
##for manipulating the image.
##
##DOCUMENTATION: For complete documentation, see Chapter 5 of "Python
##Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science" by John Zelle,
##published by Franklin, Beedle & Associates. Also see
##http://mcsp.wartburg.edu/zelle/python for a quick reference"""
# Version 3.5 5/10/09
# Removed all the threading crap and cleaned up the _root stuff
#
# Version 3.4 10/16/07
# Fixed GraphicsError to avoid "exploded" error messages.
# Version 3.3 8/8/06
# Added checkMouse method to CanvasFrame
# Version 3.2.2 5/30/05
# Cleaned up handling of exceptions in Tk thread. The graphics package
# now raises an exception if attempt is made to communicate with
# a dead Tk thread.
# Version 3.2.1 5/22/05
# Added shutdown function for tk thread to eliminate race-condition
# error "chatter" when main thread terminates
# Renamed various private globals with _
# Version 3.2 5/4/05
# Added Pixmap object for simple image manipulation.
# Version 3.1 4/13/05
# Improved the Tk thread communication so that most Tk calls
# do not have to wait for synchonization with the Tk thread.
# (see _tkCall and _tkExec)
# Version 3.0 12/30/04
# Implemented Tk event loop in separate thread. Should now work
# interactively with IDLE. Undocumented autoflush feature is
# no longer necessary. Its default is now False (off). It may
# be removed in a future version.
# Better handling of errors regarding operations on windows that
# have been closed.
# Addition of an isClosed method to CanvasFramedow class.
# Version 2.2 8/26/04
# Fixed cloning bug reported by Joseph Oldham.
# Now implements deep copy of config info.
# Version 2.1 1/15/04
# Added autoflush option to CanvasFrame. When True (default) updates on
# the window are done after each action. This makes some graphics
# intensive programs sluggish. Turning off autoflush causes updates
# to happen during idle periods or when flush is called.
# Version 2.0
# Updated Documentation
# Made Polygon accept a list of Points in constructor
# Made all drawing functions call TK update for easier animations
# and to make the overall package work better with
# Python 2.3 and IDLE 1.0 under Windows (still some issues).
# Removed vestigial turtle graphics.
# Added ability to configure font for Entry objects (analogous to Text)
# Added setTextColor for Text as an alias of setFill
# Changed to class-style exceptions
# Fixed cloning of Text objects
# Version 1.6
# Fixed Entry so StringVar uses _root as master, solves weird
# interaction with shell in Idle
# Fixed bug in setCoords. X and Y coordinates can increase in
# "non-intuitive" direction.
# Tweaked wm_protocol so window is not resizable and kill box closes.
# Version 1.5
# Fixed bug in Entry. Can now define entry before creating a
# CanvasFrame. All CanvasFrames are now toplevel windows and share
# a fixed root (called _root).
# Version 1.4
# Fixed Garbage collection of Tkinter images bug.
# Added ability to set text atttributes.
# Added Entry boxes.
import time, os, sys
import Tkinter
tk = Tkinter
##########################################################################
# Module Exceptions
import exceptions
class GraphicsError(exceptions.Exception):
"""Generic error class for graphics module exceptions."""
#def __init__(self, *args):
#self.args=args
pass
OBJ_ALREADY_DRAWN = "Object currently drawn"
UNSUPPORTED_METHOD = "Object doesn't support operation"
BAD_OPTION = "Illegal option value"
############################################################################
# Graphics classes start here
class CanvasFrame(tk.Frame):
"""A CanvasFrame is a frame for displaying graphics."""
def __init__(self, parent, width=200, height=200):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.parent = parent
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(parent, width = width, height = height)
self.canvas.pack()
parent.resizable(0,0)
self.foreground = "black"
self.items = []
self.mouseX = None
self.mouseY = None
self.canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self._onClick)
self.height = height
self.width = width
self._mouseCallback = None
self._keyboardCallback = None
self.trans = None
self.closed = False
parent.lift()
def __checkOpen(self):
if self.closed:
raise GraphicsError, "window is closed"
def setBackground(self, color):
"""Set background color of the window"""
self.__checkOpen()
self.canvas.config(bg=color)
def setCoords(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
"""Set coordinates of window to run from (x1,y1) in the
lower-left corner to (x2,y2) in the upper-right corner."""
self.trans = Transform(self.width, self.height, x1, y1, x2, y2)
def close(self):
if self.closed: return
self.__close_help()
def __close_help(self):
"""Close the window"""
self.closed = True
self.parent.destroy()
def isClosed(self):
return self.closed
def plot(self, x, y, color="black"):
"""Set pixel (x,y) to the given color"""
self.__checkOpen()
xs,ys = self.toScreen(x,y)
self.create_line(xs,ys,xs+1,ys, fill=color)
def plotPixel(self, x, y, color="black"):
"""Set pixel raw (independent of window coordinates) pixel
(x,y) to color"""
self.__checkOpen()
self.create_line(x,y,x+1,y, fill=color)
def flush(self):
"""Update drawing to the window"""
self.__checkOpen()
self.update_idletasks()
def getMouse(self):
"""Wait for mouse click and return Point object representing
the click"""
self.mouseX = None
self.mouseY = None
while self.mouseX == None or self.mouseY == None:
self.update()
if self.isClosed(): raise GraphicsError, "getMouse in closed window"
time.sleep(.1) # give up thread
x,y = self.toWorld(self.mouseX, self.mouseY)
self.mouseX = None
self.mouseY = None
return Point(x,y)
def checkMouse(self):
"""Return last mouse click or None if mouse has
not been clicked since last call"""
if self.isClosed():
raise GraphicsError, "checkMouse in closed window"
self.update()
if self.mouseX != None and self.mouseY != None:
x,y = self.toWorld(self.mouseX, self.mouseY)
self.mouseX = None
self.mouseY = None
return Point(x,y)
else:
return None
def getHeight(self):
"""Return the height of the window"""
return self.height
def getWidth(self):
"""Return the width of the window"""
return self.width
def toScreen(self, x, y):
trans = self.trans
if trans:
return self.trans.screen(x,y)
else:
return x,y
def toWorld(self, x, y):
trans = self.trans
if trans:
return self.trans.world(x,y)
else:
return x,y
def setMouseHandler(self, func):
self._mouseCallback = func
def _onClick(self, e):
self.mouseX = e.x
self.mouseY = e.y
if self._mouseCallback:
self._mouseCallback(Point(e.x, e.y))
class Transform:
"""Internal class for 2-D coordinate transformations"""
def __init__(self, w, h, xlow, ylow, xhigh, yhigh):
# w, h are width and height of window
# (xlow,ylow) coordinates of lower-left [raw (0,h-1)]
# (xhigh,yhigh) coordinates of upper-right [raw (w-1,0)]
xspan = (xhigh-xlow)
yspan = (yhigh-ylow)
self.xbase = xlow
self.ybase = yhigh
self.xscale = xspan/float(w-1)
self.yscale = yspan/float(h-1)
def screen(self,x,y):
# Returns x,y in screen (actually window) coordinates
xs = (x-self.xbase) / self.xscale
ys = (self.ybase-y) / self.yscale
return int(xs+0.5),int(ys+0.5)
def world(self,xs,ys):
# Returns xs,ys in world coordinates
x = xs*self.xscale + self.xbase
y = self.ybase - ys*self.yscale
return x,y
# Default values for various item configuration options. Only a subset of
# keys may be present in the configuration dictionary for a given item
DEFAULT_CONFIG = {"fill":"",
"outline":"black",
"width":"1",
"arrow":"none",
"text":"",
"justify":"center",
"font": ("helvetica", 12, "normal")}
class GraphicsObject:
"""Generic base class for all of the drawable objects"""
# A subclass of GraphicsObject should override _draw and
# and _move methods.
def __init__(self, options):
# options is a list of strings indicating which options are
# legal for this object.
# When an object is drawn, canvas is set to the CanvasFrame(canvas)
# object where it is drawn and id is the TK identifier of the
# drawn shape.
self.canvas_frame = None
self.id = None
# config is the dictionary of configuration options for the widget.
config = {}
for option in options:
config[option] = DEFAULT_CONFIG[option]
self.config = config
def setFill(self, color):
"""Set interior color to color"""
self._reconfig("fill", color)
def setOutline(self, color):
"""Set outline color to color"""
self._reconfig("outline", color)
def setWidth(self, width):
"""Set line weight to width"""
self._reconfig("width", width)
def draw(self, canvas_frame):
"""Draw the object in CanvasFrame, which should be a CanvasFrame
object. A GraphicsObject may only be drawn into one
window. Raises an error if attempt made to draw an object that
is already visible."""
if self.canvas_frame and not self.canvas_frame.isClosed(): raise GraphicsError, OBJ_ALREADY_DRAWN
if canvas_frame.isClosed(): raise GraphicsError, "Can't draw to closed window"
self.canvas_frame = canvas_frame
self.id = self._draw(canvas_frame, self.config)
def undraw(self):
"""Undraw the object (i.e. hide it). Returns silently if the
object is not currently drawn."""
if not self.canvas_frame: return
if not self.canvas_frame.isClosed():
self.canvas_frame.canvas.delete(self.id)
self.canvas_frame = None
self.id = None
def move(self, dx, dy):
"""move object dx units in x direction and dy units in y
direction"""
self._move(dx,dy)
canvas_frame = self.canvas_frame
if canvas_frame and not canvas_frame.isClosed():
trans = canvas_frame.trans
if trans:
x = dx/ trans.xscale
y = -dy / trans.yscale
else:
x = dx
y = dy
self.canvas_frame.canvas.move(self.id, x, y)
def _reconfig(self, option, setting):
# Internal method for changing configuration of the object
# Raises an error if the option does not exist in the config
# dictionary for this object
if not self.config.has_key(option):
raise GraphicsError, UNSUPPORTED_METHOD
options = self.config
options[option] = setting
if self.canvas_frame and not self.canvas_frame.isClosed():
self.canvas_frame.canvas.itemconfig(self.id, options)
def _draw(self, canvas_frame, options):
"""draws appropriate figure on canvas with options provided
Returns Tk id of item drawn"""
pass # must override in subclass
def _move(self, dx, dy):
"""updates internal state of object to move it dx,dy units"""
pass # must override in subclass
class Point(GraphicsObject):
def __init__(self, x, y):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, ["outline", "fill"])
self.setFill = self.setOutline
self.x = x
self.y = y
def _draw(self, canvas_frame, options):
x,y = canvas_frame.toScreen(self.x,self.y)
return canvas_frame.canvas.create_rectangle(x,y,x+1,y+1,options)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.x = self.x + dx
self.y = self.y + dy
def clone(self):
other = Point(self.x,self.y)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other
def getX(self): return self.x
def getY(self): return self.y
class _BBox(GraphicsObject):
# Internal base class for objects represented by bounding box
# (opposite corners) Line segment is a degenerate case.
def __init__(self, p1, p2, options=["outline","width","fill"]):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, options)
self.p1 = p1.clone()
self.p2 = p2.clone()
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.p1.x = self.p1.x + dx
self.p1.y = self.p1.y + dy
self.p2.x = self.p2.x + dx
self.p2.y = self.p2.y + dy
def getP1(self): return self.p1.clone()
def getP2(self): return self.p2.clone()
def getCenter(self):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
return Point((p1.x+p2.x)/2.0, (p1.y+p2.y)/2.0)
class Rectangle(_BBox):
def __init__(self, p1, p2):
_BBox.__init__(self, p1, p2)
def _draw(self, canvas_frame, options):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
x1,y1 = canvas_frame.toScreen(p1.x,p1.y)
x2,y2 = canvas_frame.toScreen(p2.x,p2.y)
return canvas_frame.canvas.create_rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2,options)
def clone(self):
other = Rectangle(self.p1, self.p2)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other
class Oval(_BBox):
def __init__(self, p1, p2):
_BBox.__init__(self, p1, p2)
def clone(self):
other = Oval(self.p1, self.p2)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other
def _draw(self, canvas_frame, options):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
x1,y1 = canvas_frame.toScreen(p1.x,p1.y)
x2,y2 = canvas_frame.toScreen(p2.x,p2.y)
return canvas_frame.canvas.create_oval(x1,y1,x2,y2,options)
class Circle(Oval):
def __init__(self, center, radius):
p1 = Point(center.x-radius, center.y-radius)
p2 = Point(center.x+radius, center.y+radius)
Oval.__init__(self, p1, p2)
self.radius = radius
def clone(self):
other = Circle(self.getCenter(), self.radius)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other
def getRadius(self):
return self.radius
class Line(_BBox):
def __init__(self, p1, p2):
_BBox.__init__(self, p1, p2, ["arrow","fill","width"])
self.setFill(DEFAULT_CONFIG['outline'])
self.setOutline = self.setFill
def clone(self):
other = Line(self.p1, self.p2)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other
def _draw(self, canvas_frame, options):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
x1,y1 = canvas_frame.toScreen(p1.x,p1.y)
x2,y2 = canvas_frame.toScreen(p2.x,p2.y)
return canvas_frame.canvas.create_line(x1,y1,x2,y2,options)
def setArrow(self, option):
if not option in ["first","last","both","none"]:
raise GraphicsError, BAD_OPTION
self._reconfig("arrow", option)
class Polygon(GraphicsObject):
def __init__(self, *points):
# if points passed as a list, extract it
if len(points) == 1 and type(points[0] == type([])):
points = points[0]
self.points = map(Point.clone, points)
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, ["outline", "width", "fill"])
def clone(self):
other = apply(Polygon, self.points)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other
def getPoints(self):
return map(Point.clone, self.points)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
for p in self.points:
p.move(dx,dy)
def _draw(self, canvas_frame, options):
args = [canvas_frame.canvas]
for p in self.points:
x,y = canvas_frame.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
args.append(x)
args.append(y)
args.append(options)
return apply(tk.Canvas.create_polygon, args)
class Text(GraphicsObject):
def __init__(self, p, text):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, ["justify","fill","text","font"])
self.setText(text)
self.anchor = p.clone()
self.setFill(DEFAULT_CONFIG['outline'])
self.setOutline = self.setFill
def _draw(self, canvas_frame, options):
p = self.anchor
x,y = canvas_frame.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
return canvas_frame.canvas.create_text(x,y,options)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.anchor.move(dx,dy)
def clone(self):
other = Text(self.anchor, self.config['text'])
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other
def setText(self,text):
self._reconfig("text", text)
def getText(self):
return self.config["text"]
def getAnchor(self):
return self.anchor.clone()
def setFace(self, face):
if face in ['helvetica','arial','courier','times roman']:
f,s,b = self.config['font']
self._reconfig("font",(face,s,b))
else:
raise GraphicsError, BAD_OPTION
def setSize(self, size):
if 5 <= size <= 72:
f,s,b = self.config['font']
self._reconfig("font", (f,size,b))
else:
raise GraphicsError, BAD_OPTION
def setStyle(self, style):
if style in ['bold','normal','italic', 'bold italic']:
f,s,b = self.config['font']
self._reconfig("font", (f,s,style))
else:
raise GraphicsError, BAD_OPTION
def setTextColor(self, color):
#self.config['fg'] = color;
self.setFill(color)
class Entry(GraphicsObject):
def __init__(self, canvas_frame, p, width):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, [])
self.anchor = p.clone()
#print self.anchor
self.width = width
self.text = tk.StringVar(canvas_frame.parent)
self.text.set("")
self.fill = "gray"
self.color = "black"
self.font = DEFAULT_CONFIG['font']
self.entry = None
def _draw(self, canvas_frame, options):
p = self.anchor
x,y = canvas_frame.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
frm = tk.Frame(canvas_frame.parent)
self.entry = tk.Entry(frm,
width=self.width,
textvariable=self.text,
bg = self.fill,
fg = self.color,
font=self.font)
self.entry.pack()
#self.setFill(self.fill)
return canvas_frame.canvas.create_window(x,y,window=frm)
def getText(self):
return self.text.get()
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.anchor.move(dx,dy)
def getAnchor(self):
return self.anchor.clone()
def clone(self):
other = Entry(self.anchor, self.width)
return self.__clone_help, other()
def __clone_help(self, other):
other.config = self.config.copy()
other.text = tk.StringVar()
other.text.set(self.text.get())
other.fill = self.fill
return other
def setText(self, t):
self.text.set(t)
def setFill(self, color):
self.fill = color
if self.entry:
self.entry.config(bg=color)
def _setFontComponent(self, which, value):
font = list(self.font)
font[which] = value
self.font = tuple(font)
if self.entry:
self.entry.config(font=self.font)
def setFace(self, face):
if face in ['helvetica','arial','courier','times roman']:
self._setFontComponent(0, face)
else:
raise GraphicsError, BAD_OPTION
def setSize(self, size):
if 5 <= size <= 36:
self._setFontComponent(1,size)
else:
raise GraphicsError, BAD_OPTION
def setStyle(self, style):
if style in ['bold','normal','italic', 'bold italic']:
self._setFontComponent(2,style)
else:
raise GraphicsError, BAD_OPTION
def setTextColor(self, color):
self.color=color
if self.entry:
self.entry.config(fg=color)
class Image(GraphicsObject):
idCount = 0
imageCache = {} # tk photoimages go here to avoid GC while drawn
def __init__(self, p, pixmap):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, [])
self.anchor = p.clone()
self.imageId = Image.idCount
Image.idCount = Image.idCount + 1
if type(pixmap) == type(""):
self.img = tk.PhotoImage(file=pixmap, master=_root)
else:
self.img = pixmap.image
def _draw(self, canvas_frame, options):
p = self.anchor
x,y = canvas_frame.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
self.imageCache[self.imageId] = self.img # save a reference
return canvas_frame.canvas.create_image(x,y,image=self.img)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.anchor.move(dx,dy)
def undraw(self):
del self.imageCache[self.imageId] # allow gc of tk photoimage
GraphicsObject.undraw(self)
def getAnchor(self):
return self.anchor.clone()
def clone(self):
imgCopy = Pixmap(self.img.copy())
other = Image(self.anchor, imgCopy)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other
class Pixmap:
"""Pixmap represents an image as a 2D array of color values.
A Pixmap can be made from a file (gif or ppm):
pic = Pixmap("myPicture.gif")
or initialized to a given size (initially transparent):
pic = Pixmap(512, 512)
"""
def __init__(self, *args):
if len(args) == 1: # a file name or pixmap
if type(args[0]) == type(""):
self.image = tk.PhotoImage( file=args[0], master=_root)
else:
self.image = args[0]
else: # arguments are width and height
width, height = args
self.image = tk.PhotoImage( master=_root,
width=width, height=height)
def getWidth(self):
"""Returns the width of the image in pixels"""
return self.image.width()
def getHeight(self):
"""Returns the height of the image in pixels"""
return self.image.height()
def getPixel(self, x, y):
"""Returns a list [r,g,b] with the RGB color values for pixel (x,y)
r,g,b are in range(256)
"""
value = self.image.get( x,y)
if type(value) == int:
return [value, value, value]
else:
return map(int, value.split())
def setPixel(self, x, y, (r,g,b)):
"""Sets pixel (x,y) to the color given by RGB values r, g, and b.
r,g,b should be in range(256)
"""
self.image.put( "{%s}"%color_rgb(r,g,b), (x, y))
def clone(self):
"""Returns a copy of this Pixmap"""
return Pixmap(self.image.copy())
def save(self, filename):
"""Saves the pixmap image to filename.
The format for the save image is determined from the filname extension.
"""
path, name = os.path.split(filename)
ext = name.split(".")[-1]
self.image.write( filename, format=ext)
def color_rgb(r,g,b):
"""r,g,b are intensities of red, green, and blue in range(256)
Returns color specifier string for the resulting color"""
return "#%02x%02x%02x" % (r,g,b)
class GraphWin(CanvasFrame):
def __init__(self, title, width=200, height=200):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.title(title)
CanvasFrame.__init__(self, self.root, width, height)
self.root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.__close_help)
self.root.config(bg = "dark gray")
def mainloop(self):
self.root.mainloop()
def __close_help(self):
"""Close the window"""
self.root.destroy()
class Window(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, title):
tk.Tk.__init__(self)
self.title(title)
self.config(bg = "dark gray")
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.__close_help)
def __close_help(self):
"""Close the window"""
self.destroy()
def test():
#win = CanvasFrame(_root)
win = GraphWin("Test")
win.setCoords(0,0,10,10)
t = Text(Point(5,5), "Centered Text")
t.draw(win)
p = Polygon(Point(1,1), Point(5,3), Point(2,7))
p.draw(win)
e = Entry(win, Point(5,6), 10)
e.draw(win)
win.getMouse()
p.setFill("red")
p.setOutline("blue")
p.setWidth(2)
s = ""
for pt in p.getPoints():
s = s + "(%0.1f,%0.1f) " % (pt.getX(), pt.getY())
t.setText(e.getText())
e.setFill("green")
e.setText("Spam!")
e.move(2,0)
win.getMouse()
p.move(2,3)
s = ""
for pt in p.getPoints():
s = s + "(%0.1f,%0.1f) " % (pt.getX(), pt.getY())
t.setText(s)
win.getMouse()
p.undraw()
e.undraw()
t.setStyle("bold")
win.getMouse()
t.setStyle("normal")
win.getMouse()
t.setStyle("italic")
win.getMouse()
t.setStyle("bold italic")
win.getMouse()
t.setSize(14)
win.getMouse()
t.setFace("arial")
t.setSize(20)
win.getMouse()
win.close()
win.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
test()
Raw
wheel.py
from graphics import *
class Wheel():
def __init__(self, center, wheel_radius, tire_radius):
self.tire_circle = Circle(center, tire_radius)
self.wheel_circle = Circle(center, wheel_radius)
def draw(self, win):
self.tire_circle.draw(win)
self.wheel_circle.draw(win)
def move(self, dx, dy):
self.tire_circle.move(dx, dy)
self.wheel_circle.move(dx, dy)
def set_color(self, wheel_color, tire_color):
self.tire_circle.setFill(tire_color)
self.wheel_circle.setFill(wheel_color)
def undraw(self):
self.tire_circle .undraw()
self.wheel_circle .undraw()
def get_size(self):
return self.tire_circle.getRadius()
def get_center(self):
return self.tire_circle.getCenter()
def animate(self, win, dx, dy, n):
if n>0:
self.move(dx,dy)
win > after(100,self.animate, win, dx, dy, n-1)
# Define a main function; if you want to display graphics, run main()
# after you load code into your interpreter
def main():
# create a window with width = 700 and height = 500
new_win = GraphWin('Wheel', 700, 500)
# What we'll need for the wheel...
wheel_center = Point(200, 200) # The wheel center is a Point at (200, 200)
tire_radius = 100 # The radius of the outer tire is 100
# Make a wheel object
new_wheel = Wheel(wheel_center, 0.6*tire_radius, tire_radius)
# Set its color
new_wheel.set_color('green', 'yellow')
# And finally, draw it
new_wheel.draw(new_win)
new_wheel.animate('wheel',700,500,100)
# Run the window loop (must be the *last* line in your code)
new_win.mainloop()
# Comment this call to main() when you import this code into
# your car.py file - otherwise the Wheel will pop up when you
# try to run your car code.
main()
Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment