Waldemar Januszczak created a remarkable four-part series, The Impressionists: Painting and Revolution (available on YouTube), where he explores the unexpected role of technology in making Impressionism possible. He draws attention to innovations like ferrules (the metal bands that allowed brushes to be flat), portable metal paint tubes, lightweight easels, and steam trains—all of which enabled artists to paint on location and respond directly to light and atmosphere.
Later, in New Deal–era America, art instructors developed stepwise frameworks for visual education that echo what the Impressionists practiced intuitively. One such teacher, Victor D’Amico, wrote Experiments in Creative Art Teaching, which I believe includes this kind of framework—though my copy is in storage, so I can't confirm the exact sequence. These teachers shifted the focus from rendering photographic likeness to developing visual awareness—learning to see atmosphere, rhythm, form, and mood.
There’s a clear evolution here: as mechanized