defulmere/gist:b5684c70184260b6c22ad4b1e115afaf Secret

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    (deprecated, see https://community.opalstack.com/d/1291-howto-run-the-latest-ghost-with-a-private-mysql-instance-on-opalstack for current procedure)
As of v5.21, Ghost is no longer compatible with MariaDB and will not run with SQLite in production mode - it will only run with MySQL v8 or higher. Opalstack doesn't provide a managed MySQL service at this time so if you want to run the latest Ghost you'll need to run your own private MySQL instance as a custom app.
The guide that follows is a modified version of a procedure originally written by @nick. The main differences are:

The shell commands have been broken up into discrete numbered steps.
The various config files and scripts are created using heredocs.
Start and stop scripts are included for the MySQL app.
Node.js is installed in a subdirectory "node" of the Ghost app with all modules installed globally.
The Ghost instance is installed in a subdirectory "ghost" of the Ghost app.
Email configuration is included for Ghost.

The guide will set up 2 applications: a MySQL server running on a custom port and a Ghost instance. The various commands use the following placeholders which you'll need to replace with your own values:

GHOSTUSER: shell user name
GHOSTAPP: nginx proxy app 1
GHOSTPORT: the port assignment for GHOSTAPP
DBAPP: nginx proxy app 2
DBPORT: the port assignment for DBAPP
DBAPPROOTPWD: mysql root user password
GHOSTDBNAME: ghost database name
GHOSTDBUSER: ghost db user name
GHOSTDBUSERPWD: ghost db user password
YOURDOMAIN.COM: domain to use for the app
SMTPSERVER: your Opalstack SMTP server, either smtp.us.opalstack.com or smtp.de.opalstack.com.
MAILBOX: your Opalstack mailbox name
MAILBOXPWD: your Opalstack mailbox password

Pre-installation


Create a new shell user, e.g. GHOSTUSER
Create two NGINX proxy port apps GHOSTAPP and DBAPP, noting the assigned ports for each.
Add your site domain.
Create a site to serve GHOSTAPP on YOURDOMAIN.COM with Let's Encrypt SSL enabled.
Creata a mailbox and email address.
SSH to your server using shell user GHOSTUSER. The rest of the procedure is presented as commands run as your shell user.

Setup MySQL Instance


Create the MySQL config file:
 cd ~/apps/DBAPP
 mkdir -p {etc,var,tmp}
 cat << EOF > ~/apps/DBAPP/etc/my.cnf
 [client]
 port = DBPORT
 socket = /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/var/mysql.sock
 
 [mysqld]
 port = DBPORT
 socket = /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/var/mysql.sock
 tmpdir = /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/tmp
 datadir = /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/data
 innodb_log_group_home_dir = /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/data
 log_error = /home/GHOSTUSER/logs/apps/DBAPP/maria.log
 pid_file = /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/var/pid
 sql_mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
 
 [mysqld_safe]
 log-error = /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/maria.log
 pid-file = /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/var/pid
 EOF


Download and setup MySQL:
 cd ~/apps/DBAPP
 wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.33-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
 tar xzf mysql-8.0.33-el7-x86_64.tar.gz --strip-components=1
 ~/apps/DBAPP/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/etc/my.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=$USER --datadir=$PWD/data --tmpdir=$PWD/tmp


Start the MySQL instance:
 nohup $HOME/apps/DBAPP/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=$HOME/apps/DBAPP/etc/my.cnf --socket=$HOME/apps/DBAPP/var/mysql.sock > $HOME/logs/apps/DBAPP/nohup.out 2>&1 &


Login, set the root password, and create the Ghost DB+user:
 ~/apps/DBAPP/bin/mysql -P DBPORT -S $HOME/apps/DBAPP/var/mysql.sock -u root -e "ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'DBAPPROOTPWD';
 create database GHOSTDBNAME;
 create user 'GHOSTDBUSER'@'localhost' identified by 'DBAPPUSERPWD';
 grant usage on *.* to 'GHOSTDBUSER'@'localhost';
 grant all on GHOSTDBNAME.* to 'GHOSTDBUSER'@'localhost';
 FLUSH PRIVILEGES"


Create the start and stop scripts:
 cat << EOF > ~/apps/DBAPP/start
 #!/bin/bash
 trap '' HUP
 nohup /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/etc/my.cnf --socket=/home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/var/mysql.sock > /home/GHOSTUSER/logs/apps/DBAPP/nohup.out 2>&1 &
 EOF
 chmod +x ~/apps/DBAPP/start
 
 cat << EOF > ~/apps/DBAPP/stop
 #!/bin/bash
 /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/bin/mysqladmin -u root -P DBPORT -S /home/GHOSTUSER/apps/DBAPP/var/mysql.sock -p shutdown
 EOF
 chmod +x ~/apps/DBAPP/stop


Make a note of the following commands which you will use to start and stop the database server when needed:

Start: ~/apps/DBAPP/start
Stop: ~/apps/DBAPP/stop


Setup Ghost Instance


Get and build Nodejs v18.12.1 from source (this can take some time to complete):
 cd ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/
 mkdir node && cd node
 wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v18.12.1/node-v18.12.1.tar.gz
 tar zxf node-v18.12.1.tar.gz
 cd node-v18.12.1
 scl enable devtoolset-11 -- ./configure --prefix=$HOME/apps/GHOSTAPP/node
 scl enable devtoolset-11 -- make -j2
 scl enable devtoolset-11 -- make install


Export for Node PATH, update NPM and install some Ghost requirements via SCL:
 export PATH=$HOME/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/bin:$HOME/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/node_modules/.bin:$PATH
 scl enable devtoolset-10 -- npm install -g npm@9.8.1
 scl enable devtoolset-10 -- npm install -g @vscode/sqlite3
 scl enable devtoolset-10 -- npm install -g ghost-cli@latest


Install the Ghost instance:
 mkdir ./ghost && cd ./ghost
 ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/node_modules/.bin/ghost install local --port GHOSTPORT --log file --no-start


Replace the sqlite3 package:
 rm -r ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/ghost/current/node_modules/sqlite3
 cp -r ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/node_modules/@vscode/sqlite3 ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/ghost/current/node_modules/


Create the Ghost config file for production, disable default config files:
 cat << EOF > ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/ghost/config.production.json
 {
   "url": "https://YOURDOMAIN.COM",
   "server": {
     "host": "127.0.0.1",
     "port": GHOSTPORT },
   "database": {
     "client": "mysql",
     "connection": {
       "host": "127.0.0.1",
       "port": DBPORT,
       "user": "GHOSTDBUSER",
       "password": "GHOSTDBUSERPWD",
       "database": "GHOSTDBNAME"
     }
   },
   "paths": {
     "contentPath": "/home/GHOSTUSER/apps/GHOSTAPP/ghost/content/"
   },
   "logging": {
     "level": "info",
     "rotation": {
       "enabled": true
     },
     "transports": [
       "file",
       "stdout"
     ],
     "path": "/home/GHOSTUSER/logs/apps/GHOSTAPP/"
   },
  "mail": {
    "transport": "SMTP",
    "options": {
      "host": "SMTPSERVER",
      "port": 587,
      "secure": false,
      "auth": {
        "user": "MAILBOX",
        "pass": "MAILBOXPWD"
      }
    }
  }
 }
 EOF
 find ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/ghost/versions/*/core/shared/config/env/ -type f -name "*.json" -exec sh -c 'mv "$1" "${1%.json}.json-backup"' _ {} \;


Create start and stop scripts:
 cat << EOF > ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/start
 #!/bin/bash
 PATH=~/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/bin:\$PATH
 NODE_ENV=production ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/bin/ghost start -d ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/ghost --no-setup-linux-user
 EOF
 chmod +x ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/start

 cat << EOF > ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/stop
 #!/bin/bash
 PATH=~/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/bin:$PATH
 ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/bin/ghost stop -d ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/ghost --no-setup-linux-user
 EOF
 chmod +x ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/stop


Start Ghost:
 ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/start


Immediately visit your Ghost admin URL https://YOURDOMAIN.COM/ghost/ and create your admin user. If this process appears to hang then after about 15-20 seconds click the button again and you should be directed to a Ghost login page.


Create a cron job to keep the Ghost instance running:
 M=$((RANDOM % 10))
 (crontab -l 2>/dev/null; echo "0$M,1$M,2$M,3$M,4$M,5$M * * * * ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/start > /dev/null 2>&1") | crontab -


Make a note of the following commands which you will use to start and stop the Ghost instance when needed:

Start: ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/start
Stop: ~/apps/GHOSTAPP/stop


At this point the setup is complete and you can go to https://YOURDOMAIN.COM/ghost/ to make whatever site-specific configuration changes you want.
Updates and maintenance

To run the ghost command for updates and other maintenance tasks, first set your shell path by running the following command:
export PATH=$HOME/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/bin:$PATH

You'll then be able to run ghost for updates etc, for example:
export PATH=$HOME/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/bin:$PATH
cd $HOME/apps/GHOSTAPP/ghost
scl enable devtoolset-11 bash
ghost backup --no-setup-linux-user
ghost update --no-setup-linux-user

If you ever need to update Node (like if you are upgrading to Ghost 5.71.0+ since they dropped support for Node v16), you can do that like this. Note that this process can take a LONG time to complete. So set a couple hours aside to do this, and always confirm it completes without any errors.
cd ~/apps/GHOSTAPP
mv node node.old
mkdir node
wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v18.12.1/node-v18.12.1.tar.gz
tar zxf node-v18.12.1.tar.gz
cd node-v18.12.1
scl enable devtoolset-11 -- ./configure --prefix=$HOME/apps/GHOSTAPP/node
scl enable devtoolset-11 -- make -j2
scl enable devtoolset-11 -- make install

# Test that the binary is the appropriate version post install
export PATH=$HOME/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/bin:$PATH
node --version

Then be sure to rebuild the binary dependencies for the new version right after you do that. Just replace 5.XX.X with your current ghost version.
export PATH=$HOME/apps/GHOSTAPP/node/bin:$PATH
cd $HOME/apps/GHOSTAPP/ghost
scl enable devtoolset-11 bash
ghost update 5.XX.X --force --no-setup-linux-user

More ghost commands are documented at: https://ghost.org/docs/ghost-cli/. Note that you must include the --no-setup-linux-user option when running ghost commands.