Sample Algorithm for clamping or limiting values.

clamping-value-limiting.ino

float prevValue = 0.0; // Previous filtered value
float filteredValue;
float maxChange = 10.0; // Maximum allowed change in value between readings

void loop() {
  float rawValue = analogRead(A0); // Read the raw analog input

  // Calculate the change in value from the previous reading
  float valueChange = abs(rawValue - prevValue);

  // If the change is greater than the maximum allowed, clamp the value
  if (valueChange > maxChange) {
    filteredValue = prevValue + (rawValue - prevValue) / valueChange * maxChange;
  } else {
    filteredValue = rawValue;
  }

  prevValue = filteredValue;

  // Print the filtered value
  Serial.println(filteredValue);

  delay(10); // Delay to control the sampling rate
}