dentarg/nm.txt

## nm.txt
NM(1)                        General Commands Manual                       NM(1)


NAME
       nm - display name list (symbol table)

SYNOPSIS
       llvm-nm [ -agnoprumxjlPA ] [ - ] [ -t format ] [[ -arch arch_flag ]...] [
       file ... ] [ -s segname sectname ]

       nm-classic [ -agnoprumxjlfPA [ s segname sectname ]] [ - ] [ -t format ]
       [[ -arch arch_flag ]...] [ file ... ]

DESCRIPTION
       As of Xcode 8.0 the default nm(1) tool is llvm-nm(1).  For the most part
       nm(1) and llvm-nm(1) have the same options; notable exceptions include
       -f, -s, and -L as described below. This document explains options common
       between the two commands as well as some historically relevant options
       supported by nm-classic(1).  More help on options for llvm-nm(1) is
       provided when running it with the --help option.

       nm displays the name list (symbol table of nlist structures) of each
       object file in the argument list.  In some cases, as with an object that
       has had strip(1) with its -T option used on the object, that can be
       different than the dyld information.  For that information use
       dyldinfo(1).

       If an argument is an archive, a listing for each object file in the
       archive will be produced.  File can be of the form libx.a(x.o), in which
       case only symbols from that member of the object file are listed.  (The
       parentheses have to be quoted to get by the shell.)  If no file is given,
       the symbols in a.out are listed.

       Each symbol name is preceded by its value (blanks if undefined).  Unless
       the -m option is specified, this value is followed by one of the
       following characters, representing the symbol type: U (undefined), A
       (absolute), T (text section symbol), D (data section symbol), B (bss
       section symbol), C (common symbol), - (for debugger symbol table entries;
       see -a below), S (symbol in a section other than those above), or I
       (indirect symbol).  If the symbol is local (non-external), the symbol's
       type is instead represented by the corresponding lowercase letter.  A
       lower case u in a dynamic shared library indicates a undefined reference
       to a private external in another module in the same library.

       If the symbol is a Objective-C method, the symbol name is
       ±[Class_name(category_name) method:name:], where `+' is for class
       methods, `-' is for instance methods, and (category_name) is present only
       when the method is in a category.

       The output is sorted alphabetically by default.

       Options are:

       -a     Display all symbol table entries, including those inserted for use
              by debuggers.

       -g     Display only global (external) symbols.

       -n     Sort numerically rather than alphabetically.

       -o     Prepend file or archive element name to each output line, rather
              than only once.

       -p     Don't sort; display in symbol-table order.

       -r     Sort in reverse order.

       -u     Display only undefined symbols.

       -U     Don't display undefined symbols.

       -m     Display the N_SECT type symbols (Mach-O symbols) as (segment_name,
              section_name) followed by either external or non-external and then
              the symbol name.  Undefined, common, absolute and indirect symbols
              get displayed as (undefined), (common), (absolute), and
              (indirect), respectively. Other symbol details are displayed in a
              human-friendly manner, such as "[no dead strip]".  nm will display
              the referenced symbol for indirect symbols and will display the
              name of the library expected to provide an undefined symbol. See
              nlist(3) and <mach-o/nlist.h> for more information on the nlist
              structure.

       -x     Display the symbol table entry's fields in hexadecimal, along with
              the name as a string.

       -j     Just display the symbol names (no value or type).

       -s segname sectname
              List only those symbols in the section (segname,sectname).  For
              llvm-nm(1) this option must be last on the command line, and after
              the files.

       -l     List a pseudo symbol .section_start if no symbol has as its value
              the starting address of the section.  (This is used with the -s
              option above.)

       -arch arch_type
              Specifies the architecture, arch_type, of the file for nm(1) to
              operate on when the file is a universal file (see arch(3) for the
              currently known arch_types).  The arch_type can be "all" to
              operate on all architectures in the file.  The default is to
              display the symbols from only the host architecture, if the file
              contains it; otherwise, symbols for all architectures in the file
              are displayed.

       -f  format
              For llvm-nm(1) this specifies the output format.  Where format can
              be bsd, sysv, posix or darwin.

       -f     For nm-classic(1) this displays the symbol table of a dynamic
              library flat (as one file not separate modules).  This is obsolete
              and not supported with llvm-nm(1).

       -A     Write the pathname or library name of an object on each line.

       -P     Write information in a portable output format.

       -t format
              For the -P output, write the numeric value in the specified
              format. The format shall be dependent on the single character used
              as the format option-argument:

       d      The value shall be written in decimal (default).

       o      The value shall be written in octal.

       x      The value shall be written in hexadecimal.

       -L     Display the symbols in the bitcode files in the (__LLVM,__bundle)
              section if present instead of the object's symbol table. For
              nm-classic(1) this is the default if the object has no symbol
              table and an (__LLVM,__bundle) section exists. This option is not
              supported by llvm-nm(1) where displaying llvm bitcode symbols is
              the default behavior.

SEE ALSO
       ar(1), ar(5), Mach-O(5), stab(5), nlist(3), dyldinfo(1)

BUGS
       Displaying Mach-O symbols with -m is too verbose.  Without the -m,
       symbols in the Objective-C sections get displayed as an `s'.


Apple, Inc.                     December 13, 2018                          NM(1)

## otool.txt
OTOOL-CLASSIC(1)             General Commands Manual            OTOOL-CLASSIC(1)


NAME
       otool-classic - object file displaying tool

SYNOPSIS
       otool-classic [ option ...  ] [ file ...  ]

DESCRIPTION
       The otool-classic command displays specified parts of object files or
       libraries. It is the preferred tool for inspecting Mach-O binaries,
       especially for binaries that are bad, corrupted, or fuzzed. It is also
       useful in situations when inspecting files with new or "bleeding-edge"
       Mach-O file format changes.

       For historical reasons, the LLVM-based llvm-objdump(1) tool does support
       displaying Mach-O information in an "otool-compatibility" mode. For more
       information on using llvm-objdump(1) in this way, see the llvm-otool(1)
       command-line shim. Note that llvm-objdump(1) is incapable of displaying
       information in all Mach-O files.

       If the -m option is not used the file arguments may be of the form
       libx.a(foo.o), to request information about only that object file and not
       the entire library.   (Typically this argument must be quoted,
       ``libx.a(foo.o)'', to get it past the shell.)  Otool-classic understands
       both Mach-O (Mach object) files and universal file formats.
       Otool-classic can display the specified information in either its raw
       (numeric) form (without the -v flag), or in a symbolic form using macro
       names of constants, etc. (with the -v or -V flag).

       At least one of the following options must be specified:

       -a     Display the archive header, if the file is an archive.

       -S     Display the contents of the `__.SYMDEF' file, if the file is an
              archive.

       -f     Display the universal headers.

       -h     Display the Mach header.

       -l     Display the load commands.

       -L     Display the names and version numbers of the shared libraries that
              the object file uses, as well as the shared library ID if the file
              is a shared library.

       -D     Display just the install name of a shared library.  See
              install_name_tool(1) for more info.

       -s segname sectname
              Display the contents of the section (segname,sectname).  If the -v
              flag is specified, the section is displayed as its type, unless
              the type is zero (the section header flags).  Also the sections
              (__OBJC,__protocol), (__OBJC,__string_object) and
              (__OBJC,__runtime_setup) are displayed symbolically if the -v flag
              is specified. For unknown section types, if the -V flag is
              specified, the contents of the section are displayed in a
              canonical hex+ASCII display, where a column of hexadecimal values
              print along side a column of ASCII characters.

       -t     Display the contents of the (__TEXT,__text) section.  With the -v
              flag, this disassembles the text.  With the -V flag, it also
              symbolically disassembles the operands.

       -x     Display the contents of every __text section found in the file.
              This is useful when looking at the Mach kernel and other files
              with __text sections in more than one segment, or where the __text
              section is somewhere other than __TEXT. When used with the -v
              flag, this disassembles the text. When used with the -V flag, it
              also symbolically disassembles the operands.

       -d     Display the contents of the (__DATA,__data) section.

       -o     Display the contents of the __OBJC segment used by the Objective-C
              run-time system.

       -r     Display the relocation entries.

       -c     Display the argument strings (argv[] and envp[]) from a core file.

       -I     Display the indirect symbol table.

       -T     Display the table of contents for a dynamically linked shared
              library.

       -R     Display the reference table of a dynamically linked shared
              library.

       -M     Display the module table of a dynamically linked shared library.

       -H     Display the two-level namespace hints table.

       -G     Display the data in code table.

       -C     Display the linker optimization hints (-v for verbose mode can
              also be added).

       -P     Print the info plist section, (__TEXT,__info_plist), as strings.

       -dyld_info
              Print bind and rebase information used by dyld to resolve external
              references in a final linked binary.

       -dyld_opcodes
              Print raw dyld bind and rebase opcodes present in a final linked
              binary. These opcodes are stored in a region pointed to by
              LC_DYLD_INFO* load commands.

       -show-latency
              When doing disassembly print latency annotations for instructions.

       -chained_fixups
              Print raw chained fixup data present in a final linked binary
              built with chained fixups. The chained fixup data are stored
              either in a region pointed to by the LC_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS load
              command or in a (__TEXT,__chain_starts) section. This data
              includes the fixup chain's starting location on each page by
              segment and symbol information for each bind. Use the -dyld_info
              option to see the individual links in each chain.

       The following options may also be given:

       -j     When doing disassembly print the opcode bytes of the instructions.

       -m     The object file names are not assumed to be in the archive(member)
              syntax, which allows file names containing parenthesis.

       -p name
              Used with the -t and -v or -V options to start the disassembly
              from symbol name and continue to the end of the (__TEXT,__text)
              section. This option can also be used with the -x option to begin
              disassembly from symbol name in any segment where a __text section
              is found.

       -q     Use the llvm disassembler when doing disassembly; this is
              available for the x86 and arm architectures.  This is the default.

       -Q     Use otool-classic(1)'s disassembler when doing disassembly.

       -v     Display verbosely (symbolically) when possible.

       -V     Display the disassembled operands symbolically (this implies the
              -v option).  This is useful with the -s, -t, and -x options.

       -X     Don't print leading addresses or headers with disassembly of
              sections.

       -addr_slide=arg
              When disassembling a binary using the -s, -t, or -o options, add
              an arbitrary slide to each pointer value when it is displayed.
              This is useful for matching otool output with that from a running
              process.

       -arch arch_type
              Specifies the architecture, arch_type, of the file for
              otool-classic(1) to operate on when the file is a universal file
              (aka a file with multiple architectures).  (See arch(3) for the
              currently known arch_types.)  The arch_type can be "all" to
              operate on all architectures in the file.  The default is to
              display only the host architecture, if the file contains it;
              otherwise, all architectures in the file are shown.

       -function_offsets
              When doing disassembly print the decimal offset from the last
              label printed.

       -mcpu=arg
              When doing disassembly using the llvm disassembler use the cpu
              arg.

       --version
              Print the otool-classic(1) version information.

SEE ALSO
       dyld(1), install_name_tool(1), libtool(1), lipo(1), llvm-otool(1), and
       vtool(1)
	NM(1) General Commands Manual NM(1)



	NAME
	nm - display name list (symbol table)

	SYNOPSIS
	llvm-nm [ -agnoprumxjlPA ] [ - ] [ -t format ] [[ -arch arch_flag ]...] [
	file ... ] [ -s segname sectname ]

	nm-classic [ -agnoprumxjlfPA [ s segname sectname ]] [ - ] [ -t format ]
	[[ -arch arch_flag ]...] [ file ... ]

	DESCRIPTION
	As of Xcode 8.0 the default nm(1) tool is llvm-nm(1). For the most part
	nm(1) and llvm-nm(1) have the same options; notable exceptions include
	-f, -s, and -L as described below. This document explains options common
	between the two commands as well as some historically relevant options
	supported by nm-classic(1). More help on options for llvm-nm(1) is
	provided when running it with the --help option.

	nm displays the name list (symbol table of nlist structures) of each
	object file in the argument list. In some cases, as with an object that
	has had strip(1) with its -T option used on the object, that can be
	different than the dyld information. For that information use
	dyldinfo(1).

	If an argument is an archive, a listing for each object file in the
	archive will be produced. File can be of the form libx.a(x.o), in which
	case only symbols from that member of the object file are listed. (The
	parentheses have to be quoted to get by the shell.) If no file is given,
	the symbols in a.out are listed.

	Each symbol name is preceded by its value (blanks if undefined). Unless
	the -m option is specified, this value is followed by one of the
	following characters, representing the symbol type: U (undefined), A
	(absolute), T (text section symbol), D (data section symbol), B (bss
	section symbol), C (common symbol), - (for debugger symbol table entries;
	see -a below), S (symbol in a section other than those above), or I
	(indirect symbol). If the symbol is local (non-external), the symbol's
	type is instead represented by the corresponding lowercase letter. A
	lower case u in a dynamic shared library indicates a undefined reference
	to a private external in another module in the same library.

	If the symbol is a Objective-C method, the symbol name is
	±[Class_name(category_name) method:name:], where `+' is for class
	methods, `-' is for instance methods, and (category_name) is present only
	when the method is in a category.

	The output is sorted alphabetically by default.

	Options are:

	-a Display all symbol table entries, including those inserted for use
	by debuggers.

	-g Display only global (external) symbols.

	-n Sort numerically rather than alphabetically.

	-o Prepend file or archive element name to each output line, rather
	than only once.

	-p Don't sort; display in symbol-table order.

	-r Sort in reverse order.

	-u Display only undefined symbols.

	-U Don't display undefined symbols.

	-m Display the N_SECT type symbols (Mach-O symbols) as (segment_name,
	section_name) followed by either external or non-external and then
	the symbol name. Undefined, common, absolute and indirect symbols
	get displayed as (undefined), (common), (absolute), and
	(indirect), respectively. Other symbol details are displayed in a
	human-friendly manner, such as "[no dead strip]". nm will display
	the referenced symbol for indirect symbols and will display the
	name of the library expected to provide an undefined symbol. See
	nlist(3) and <mach-o/nlist.h> for more information on the nlist
	structure.

	-x Display the symbol table entry's fields in hexadecimal, along with
	the name as a string.

	-j Just display the symbol names (no value or type).

	-s segname sectname
	List only those symbols in the section (segname,sectname). For
	llvm-nm(1) this option must be last on the command line, and after
	the files.

	-l List a pseudo symbol .section_start if no symbol has as its value
	the starting address of the section. (This is used with the -s
	option above.)

	-arch arch_type
	Specifies the architecture, arch_type, of the file for nm(1) to
	operate on when the file is a universal file (see arch(3) for the
	currently known arch_types). The arch_type can be "all" to
	operate on all architectures in the file. The default is to
	display the symbols from only the host architecture, if the file
	contains it; otherwise, symbols for all architectures in the file
	are displayed.

	-f format
	For llvm-nm(1) this specifies the output format. Where format can
	be bsd, sysv, posix or darwin.

	-f For nm-classic(1) this displays the symbol table of a dynamic
	library flat (as one file not separate modules). This is obsolete
	and not supported with llvm-nm(1).

	-A Write the pathname or library name of an object on each line.

	-P Write information in a portable output format.

	-t format
	For the -P output, write the numeric value in the specified
	format. The format shall be dependent on the single character used
	as the format option-argument:

	d The value shall be written in decimal (default).

	o The value shall be written in octal.

	x The value shall be written in hexadecimal.

	-L Display the symbols in the bitcode files in the (__LLVM,__bundle)
	section if present instead of the object's symbol table. For
	nm-classic(1) this is the default if the object has no symbol
	table and an (__LLVM,__bundle) section exists. This option is not
	supported by llvm-nm(1) where displaying llvm bitcode symbols is
	the default behavior.

	SEE ALSO
	ar(1), ar(5), Mach-O(5), stab(5), nlist(3), dyldinfo(1)

	BUGS
	Displaying Mach-O symbols with -m is too verbose. Without the -m,
	symbols in the Objective-C sections get displayed as an `s'.



	Apple, Inc. December 13, 2018 NM(1)
	OTOOL-CLASSIC(1) General Commands Manual OTOOL-CLASSIC(1)



	NAME
	otool-classic - object file displaying tool

	SYNOPSIS
	otool-classic [ option ... ] [ file ... ]

	DESCRIPTION
	The otool-classic command displays specified parts of object files or
	libraries. It is the preferred tool for inspecting Mach-O binaries,
	especially for binaries that are bad, corrupted, or fuzzed. It is also
	useful in situations when inspecting files with new or "bleeding-edge"
	Mach-O file format changes.

	For historical reasons, the LLVM-based llvm-objdump(1) tool does support
	displaying Mach-O information in an "otool-compatibility" mode. For more
	information on using llvm-objdump(1) in this way, see the llvm-otool(1)
	command-line shim. Note that llvm-objdump(1) is incapable of displaying
	information in all Mach-O files.

	If the -m option is not used the file arguments may be of the form
	libx.a(foo.o), to request information about only that object file and not
	the entire library. (Typically this argument must be quoted,
	``libx.a(foo.o)'', to get it past the shell.) Otool-classic understands
	both Mach-O (Mach object) files and universal file formats.
	Otool-classic can display the specified information in either its raw
	(numeric) form (without the -v flag), or in a symbolic form using macro
	names of constants, etc. (with the -v or -V flag).

	At least one of the following options must be specified:

	-a Display the archive header, if the file is an archive.

	-S Display the contents of the `__.SYMDEF' file, if the file is an
	archive.

	-f Display the universal headers.

	-h Display the Mach header.

	-l Display the load commands.

	-L Display the names and version numbers of the shared libraries that
	the object file uses, as well as the shared library ID if the file
	is a shared library.

	-D Display just the install name of a shared library. See
	install_name_tool(1) for more info.

	-s segname sectname
	Display the contents of the section (segname,sectname). If the -v
	flag is specified, the section is displayed as its type, unless
	the type is zero (the section header flags). Also the sections
	(__OBJC,__protocol), (__OBJC,__string_object) and
	(__OBJC,__runtime_setup) are displayed symbolically if the -v flag
	is specified. For unknown section types, if the -V flag is
	specified, the contents of the section are displayed in a
	canonical hex+ASCII display, where a column of hexadecimal values
	print along side a column of ASCII characters.

	-t Display the contents of the (__TEXT,__text) section. With the -v
	flag, this disassembles the text. With the -V flag, it also
	symbolically disassembles the operands.

	-x Display the contents of every __text section found in the file.
	This is useful when looking at the Mach kernel and other files
	with __text sections in more than one segment, or where the __text
	section is somewhere other than __TEXT. When used with the -v
	flag, this disassembles the text. When used with the -V flag, it
	also symbolically disassembles the operands.

	-d Display the contents of the (__DATA,__data) section.

	-o Display the contents of the __OBJC segment used by the Objective-C
	run-time system.

	-r Display the relocation entries.

	-c Display the argument strings (argv[] and envp[]) from a core file.

	-I Display the indirect symbol table.

	-T Display the table of contents for a dynamically linked shared
	library.

	-R Display the reference table of a dynamically linked shared
	library.

	-M Display the module table of a dynamically linked shared library.

	-H Display the two-level namespace hints table.

	-G Display the data in code table.

	-C Display the linker optimization hints (-v for verbose mode can
	also be added).

	-P Print the info plist section, (__TEXT,__info_plist), as strings.

	-dyld_info
	Print bind and rebase information used by dyld to resolve external
	references in a final linked binary.

	-dyld_opcodes
	Print raw dyld bind and rebase opcodes present in a final linked
	binary. These opcodes are stored in a region pointed to by
	LC_DYLD_INFO* load commands.

	-show-latency
	When doing disassembly print latency annotations for instructions.

	-chained_fixups
	Print raw chained fixup data present in a final linked binary
	built with chained fixups. The chained fixup data are stored
	either in a region pointed to by the LC_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS load
	command or in a (__TEXT,__chain_starts) section. This data
	includes the fixup chain's starting location on each page by
	segment and symbol information for each bind. Use the -dyld_info
	option to see the individual links in each chain.

	The following options may also be given:

	-j When doing disassembly print the opcode bytes of the instructions.

	-m The object file names are not assumed to be in the archive(member)
	syntax, which allows file names containing parenthesis.

	-p name
	Used with the -t and -v or -V options to start the disassembly
	from symbol name and continue to the end of the (__TEXT,__text)
	section. This option can also be used with the -x option to begin
	disassembly from symbol name in any segment where a __text section
	is found.

	-q Use the llvm disassembler when doing disassembly; this is
	available for the x86 and arm architectures. This is the default.

	-Q Use otool-classic(1)'s disassembler when doing disassembly.

	-v Display verbosely (symbolically) when possible.

	-V Display the disassembled operands symbolically (this implies the
	-v option). This is useful with the -s, -t, and -x options.

	-X Don't print leading addresses or headers with disassembly of
	sections.

	-addr_slide=arg
	When disassembling a binary using the -s, -t, or -o options, add
	an arbitrary slide to each pointer value when it is displayed.
	This is useful for matching otool output with that from a running
	process.

	-arch arch_type
	Specifies the architecture, arch_type, of the file for
	otool-classic(1) to operate on when the file is a universal file
	(aka a file with multiple architectures). (See arch(3) for the
	currently known arch_types.) The arch_type can be "all" to
	operate on all architectures in the file. The default is to
	display only the host architecture, if the file contains it;
	otherwise, all architectures in the file are shown.

	-function_offsets
	When doing disassembly print the decimal offset from the last
	label printed.

	-mcpu=arg
	When doing disassembly using the llvm disassembler use the cpu
	arg.

	--version
	Print the otool-classic(1) version information.

	SEE ALSO
	dyld(1), install_name_tool(1), libtool(1), lipo(1), llvm-otool(1), and
	vtool(1)