...wegen unserem Gespräch über Kreativität.
Kreativität ist wie gesagt ein schlüpfriger Begriff.
Wikipedia meint folgendes dazu: "Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed. The created item may be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a musical composition or a joke) or a physical object (such as an invention, a literary work or a painting)." [0] (Die deutsche Seite zu Kreativität ist leider etwas kacke.) Eine Freundin hat mir ein super Buch [1] empfohlen, ich habe es heute angefangen zu lesen. Finde es bis jetzt ziemlich ausführlich und gut, und auch sehr interessant.
Während Philosophen über den Begriff streiten und was Kreativität eigentlich wirklich ist, basteln Nerds an Maschinen die sich durchaus "kreativ" verhalten. (Trifft auch für "Intelligenz" zu, aber das ist eine etwas andere Geschichte.)
An euch beide, bitte mach diesen Test. Dauert 2-3 Minuten: http://turing.deepart.io/ Ich habe ihn zwei mal gemacht und hatte beide male 6/10. Also bin ich gleich gut wie ein Münzwurf. Ich habe nicht die leiseste Ahnung ob es Mensch oder Maschine gemacht hat. Eine weitere Bitte: Schau dir diesen Film an: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LY7x2Ihqjmc (9 min)
Interessant, oder? Es gibt auch einen Artikel [2] dazu. Ja, es sind Schauspieler und ja natürlich stecken da Menschen dahinter die es auch "kreativ" umsetzen. Wenn man allerdings bedenkt wo die Computergrafik heute schon steht ist es nicht mehr schwer vorstellbar dass man bald keine Schauspieler bzw. irgendein menschliches Zutun braucht. Der Film wird dann einfach direkt gerendert und - TADA - etwas wurde erschaffen, ohne das direkte Zutun von Menschen. Hmm. War das dann kreatives Schaffen?
Das ganze ist ein sehr großes Thema, und betrifft nicht nur Kunst in Form von Bildern sondern auch Storytelling (wie das Screenplay von Sunspring), Literatur, Musik, etc. Ich lass das jetzt einfach einmal alles so stehen. Sonst schreibe ich eine noch längere Wall-of-Text.
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity [1] https://www.amazon.de/Kreativität-Hohe-Erwartungen-einen-Begriff/dp/3446192263/ [2] http://arstechnica.com/the-multiverse/2016/06/an-ai-wrote-this-movie-and-its-strangely-moving/
Hier noch ein paar Links, falls ich dein Interesse geweckt habe.
Artikel
Beispiele
- http://extrapolated-art.com/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeepDream
- http://deepdreamgenerator.com/
- http://computoser.com/
Paintings
- http://qz.com/495614/computers-can-now-paint-like-van-gogh-and-picasso/
- https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/mar/28/google-deep-dream-art
- https://medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/when-a-machine-learning-algorithm-studied-fine-art-paintings-it-saw-things-art-historians-had-never-b8e4e7bf7d3e#.v46nlmcfk
Literatur
- http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150122-could-a-robot-write-a-novel
- http://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/japanese-ai-writes-novel-passes-first-round-nationanl-literary-prize/
- http://uk.businessinsider.com/novels-written-by-computers-2014-11
Musik
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_and_artificial_intelligence
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/can-a-machine-write-a-sonnet-that-is-a-good-as-a-humans-were-about-to-find-out/2016/05/05/09cbb972-113d-11e6-81b4-581a5c4c42df_story.html
- http://www.gizmag.com/creative-artificial-intelligence-computer-algorithmic-music/35764/
Robotik
Das ganze ist übrigens nichts neues. Researcher beschäftigen sich seit den 60ern damit. Siehe http://noll.uscannenberg.org/Art%20Papers/Mondrian.pdf
Bussi, Gigi
Allow me to switch to English for this one, since it's way easier for me to write in English nowadays. Haven't written anything in German for ages. Anyway, I was just playing around with Midjourney, an AI that is able to create stunning images from arbitrary descriptions, and had to think of you guys (and the email I sent you in 2016).
So far, Midjourney has been able to produce images that are indistinguishable from those created by human artists. At least for some prompts. There are still some areas where Midjourney and DALL-E 2 fall short, but I'm confident that with more refinement it will be possible to create truly creative AI art. Whatever that means.
The question remains, of course: what the hell is creativity? Is it something that can be boiled down to a set of rules or is it something more intangible? Is it something that can be programmed, or is it something that only emerges from complex interactions between people and their environment? I'm not sure if I have the answer to any of these questions, but that's what fascinates me about creativity (and intelligence).
Are they even distinct from each other, creativity and intelligence? Or are they simply different manifestations of the same thing? I'm still trying to figure that out.
Of course, Midjourney isn't the only game in town. I already mentioned DALL-E 2, which is another AI creation platform that's been used to create artworks that are strikingly similar to those created by human artists. DALL-E 2 is considerably more advanced than Midjourney, but it's still in its early stages and has a lot of room for improvement. There is also GPT-3, an AI that was created to create generative art, which is a bit different from the other two. It's different because the "art" is text-based, rather than image-based.
That doesn't make it less impressive, however. To the contrary. GPT-3 can write prose, articles, emails, poetry, and even computer code. Everything that can be expressed in text, GPT-3 can dream up and create. It's still in development, but I'm confident that it will only get better from here. Some researchers think that we don't even have to change its design or structure, we just have to scale it up.
So yeah, that's where we are at the moment with AI art creation. Looking forward to have a beer with you soon to discuss these and other interesting topics.
Update 2016-2019:
- OpenAI Five: https://openai.com/five/
- GPT-2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPT-2
Update 2020:
- AlphaGo: https://youtu.be/WXuK6gekU1Y
- GPT-3: https://www.gwern.net/GPT-3
Update 2021:
- DALL-E: https://openai.com/blog/dall-e/
Update 2022:
- DALL-E 2: https://openai.com/dall-e-2/
- Midjourney: https://www.deviantart.com/tag/midjourney
P.S: Most of the email above was written by GPT-3, not me. I wrote the first paragraph and the first half of the last sentence (and the update list). You can play around with a similar text prediction engine for free online. Jenni is quite good, for example: https://jenni.ai/
P.P.S: The attached image was created by an AI too, of course.
Bussi, Gigi