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<title>FFV1 Video Coding Format Version 0, 1, and 3</title>
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<meta content="Dave Rice" name="author">
<meta content="Jerome Martinez" name="author">
<meta content="This document defines FFV1, a lossless intra-frame video encoding format. FFV1 is designed to efficiently compress video data in a variety of pixel formats. Compared to uncompressed video, FFV1 offers storage compression, frame fixity, and self-description, which makes FFV1 useful as a preservation or intermediate video format." name="description">
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<body>
<div class="document-information">
<dl id="identifiers">
<dt class="label-workgroup">Workgroup:</dt>
<dd class="workgroup">cellar</dd>
<dt class="label-internet-draft">Internet-Draft:</dt>
<dd class="internet-draft">draft-ietf-cellar-ffv1-06</dd>
<dt class="label-published">Published:</dt>
<dd class="published"><time datetime="2018-11-08" class="published">8 November 2018</time></dd>
<dt class="label-intended-status">Intended Status:</dt>
<dd class="intended-status">Informational</dd>
<dt class="label-expires">Expires:</dt>
<dd class="expires"><time datetime="2019-05-12">12 May 2019</time></dd>
<dt class="label-authors">Authors:</dt>
<dd class="authors">
<div class="author">
<div class="author-name">M. Niedermayer</div>
</div>
<div class="author">
<div class="author-name">D. Rice</div>
</div>
<div class="author">
<div class="author-name">J. Martinez</div>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h1 id="title">FFV1 Video Coding Format Version 0, 1, and 3</h1>
<div id="abstract">
<section id="section-abstract"><h2 id="abstract"><a href="#abstract" class="selfRef">Abstract</a></h2>
<p id="section-abstract-1">This document defines FFV1, a lossless intra-frame video encoding format. FFV1 is designed to efficiently compress video data in a variety of pixel formats. Compared to uncompressed video, FFV1 offers storage compression, frame fixity, and self-description, which makes FFV1 useful as a preservation or intermediate video format.<a href="#section-abstract-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="status-of-memo">
<section id="section-boilerplate.1"><h2 id="name-status-of-this-memo"><a href="#name-status-of-this-memo" class="section-name selfRef">Status of This Memo</a></h2>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-1">This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-2">Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working
documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is
at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-3">Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-4">This Internet-Draft will expire on 12 May 2019.<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="copyright">
<section id="section-boilerplate.2"><h2 id="name-copyright-notice"><a href="#name-copyright-notice" class="section-name selfRef">Copyright Notice</a></h2>
<p id="section-boilerplate.2-1">Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document
authors. All rights reserved.<a href="#section-boilerplate.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.2-2">This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully,
as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this
document. Code Components extracted from this document must include
Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust
Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the
Simplified BSD License.<a href="#section-boilerplate.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="toc">
<section id="section-boilerplate.3"><a href="#" onclick="scroll(0,0)" class="toplink">▲</a><h2 id="name-table-of-contents"><a href="#name-table-of-contents" class="section-name selfRef">Table of Contents</a></h2>
<nav class="toc"><ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.1.1"><a href="#section-1" class="xref">1</a>. <a href="#name-introduction" class="xref">Introduction</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.1"><a href="#section-2" class="xref">2</a>. <a href="#name-notation-and-conventions" class="xref">Notation and Conventions</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.1.1"><a href="#section-2.1" class="xref">2.1</a>. <a href="#name-definitions" class="xref">Definitions</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.1"><a href="#section-2.2" class="xref">2.2</a>. <a href="#name-conventions" class="xref">Conventions</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.1.1"><a href="#section-2.2.1" class="xref">2.2.1</a>. <a href="#name-pseudo-code" class="xref">Pseudo-code</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.2.1"><a href="#section-2.2.2" class="xref">2.2.2</a>. <a href="#name-arithmetic-operators" class="xref">Arithmetic Operators</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.3.1"><a href="#section-2.2.3" class="xref">2.2.3</a>. <a href="#name-assignment-operators" class="xref">Assignment Operators</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.4">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.4.1"><a href="#section-2.2.4" class="xref">2.2.4</a>. <a href="#name-comparison-operators" class="xref">Comparison Operators</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.5">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.5.1"><a href="#section-2.2.5" class="xref">2.2.5</a>. <a href="#name-mathematical-functions" class="xref">Mathematical Functions</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.5.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.6">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.6.1"><a href="#section-2.2.6" class="xref">2.2.6</a>. <a href="#name-order-of-operation-preceden" class="xref">Order of Operation Precedence</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.6.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.7">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.7.1"><a href="#section-2.2.7" class="xref">2.2.7</a>. <a href="#name-range" class="xref">Range</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.7.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.8">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.8.1"><a href="#section-2.2.8" class="xref">2.2.8</a>. <a href="#name-numbytes" class="xref">NumBytes</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.8.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.9">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.9.1"><a href="#section-2.2.9" class="xref">2.2.9</a>. <a href="#name-bitstream-functions" class="xref">Bitstream Functions</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.2.2.2.9.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.1"><a href="#section-3" class="xref">3</a>. <a href="#name-sample-coding" class="xref">Sample Coding</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.1.1"><a href="#section-3.1" class="xref">3.1</a>. <a href="#name-border" class="xref">Border</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.2.1"><a href="#section-3.2" class="xref">3.2</a>. <a href="#name-samples" class="xref">Samples</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.3.1"><a href="#section-3.3" class="xref">3.3</a>. <a href="#name-median-predictor" class="xref">Median Predictor</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.4">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.4.1"><a href="#section-3.4" class="xref">3.4</a>. <a href="#name-context" class="xref">Context</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.5">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.5.1"><a href="#section-3.5" class="xref">3.5</a>. <a href="#name-quantization-table-sets" class="xref">Quantization Table Sets</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.5.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.6">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.6.1"><a href="#section-3.6" class="xref">3.6</a>. <a href="#name-quantization-table-set-inde" class="xref">Quantization Table Set Indexes</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.6.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.7">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.7.1"><a href="#section-3.7" class="xref">3.7</a>. <a href="#name-color-spaces" class="xref">Color spaces</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.7.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.7.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.7.2.1.1"><a href="#section-3.7.1" class="xref">3.7.1</a>. <a href="#name-ycbcr" class="xref">YCbCr</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.7.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.7.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.7.2.2.1"><a href="#section-3.7.2" class="xref">3.7.2</a>. <a href="#name-rgb" class="xref">RGB</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.7.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.8">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.8.1"><a href="#section-3.8" class="xref">3.8</a>. <a href="#name-coding-of-the-sample-differ" class="xref">Coding of the Sample Difference</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.8.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.8.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.8.2.1.1"><a href="#section-3.8.1" class="xref">3.8.1</a>. <a href="#name-range-coding-mode" class="xref">Range Coding Mode</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.8.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.8.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.8.2.2.1"><a href="#section-3.8.2" class="xref">3.8.2</a>. <a href="#name-golomb-rice-mode" class="xref">Golomb Rice Mode</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.8.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.1"><a href="#section-4" class="xref">4</a>. <a href="#name-bitstream" class="xref">Bitstream</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.1"><a href="#section-4.1" class="xref">4.1</a>. <a href="#name-parameters" class="xref">Parameters</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.1.1"><a href="#section-4.1.1" class="xref">4.1.1</a>. <a href="#name-version" class="xref">version</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.2.1"><a href="#section-4.1.2" class="xref">4.1.2</a>. <a href="#name-micro_version" class="xref">micro_version</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.3.1"><a href="#section-4.1.3" class="xref">4.1.3</a>. <a href="#name-coder_type" class="xref">coder_type</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.4">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.4.1"><a href="#section-4.1.4" class="xref">4.1.4</a>. <a href="#name-state_transition_delta" class="xref">state_transition_delta</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.5">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.5.1"><a href="#section-4.1.5" class="xref">4.1.5</a>. <a href="#name-colorspace_type" class="xref">colorspace_type</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.5.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.6">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.6.1"><a href="#section-4.1.6" class="xref">4.1.6</a>. <a href="#name-chroma_planes" class="xref">chroma_planes</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.6.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.7">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.7.1"><a href="#section-4.1.7" class="xref">4.1.7</a>. <a href="#name-bits_per_raw_sample" class="xref">bits_per_raw_sample</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.7.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.8">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.8.1"><a href="#section-4.1.8" class="xref">4.1.8</a>. <a href="#name-log2_h_chroma_subsample" class="xref">log2_h_chroma_subsample</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.8.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.9">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.9.1"><a href="#section-4.1.9" class="xref">4.1.9</a>. <a href="#name-log2_v_chroma_subsample" class="xref">log2_v_chroma_subsample</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.9.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.10">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.10.1"><a href="#section-4.1.10" class="xref">4.1.10</a>. <a href="#name-alpha_plane" class="xref">alpha_plane</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.10.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.11">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.11.1"><a href="#section-4.1.11" class="xref">4.1.11</a>. <a href="#name-num_h_slices" class="xref">num_h_slices</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.11.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.12">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.12.1"><a href="#section-4.1.12" class="xref">4.1.12</a>. <a href="#name-num_v_slices" class="xref">num_v_slices</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.12.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.13">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.13.1"><a href="#section-4.1.13" class="xref">4.1.13</a>. <a href="#name-quant_table_set_count" class="xref">quant_table_set_count</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.13.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.14">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.14.1"><a href="#section-4.1.14" class="xref">4.1.14</a>. <a href="#name-states_coded" class="xref">states_coded</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.14.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.15">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.15.1"><a href="#section-4.1.15" class="xref">4.1.15</a>. <a href="#name-initial_state_delta" class="xref">initial_state_delta</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.15.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.16">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.16.1"><a href="#section-4.1.16" class="xref">4.1.16</a>. <a href="#name-ec" class="xref">ec</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.16.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.17">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.17.1"><a href="#section-4.1.17" class="xref">4.1.17</a>. <a href="#name-intra" class="xref">intra</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.2.17.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.1"><a href="#section-4.2" class="xref">4.2</a>. <a href="#name-configuration-record" class="xref">Configuration Record</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.2.1.1"><a href="#section-4.2.1" class="xref">4.2.1</a>. <a href="#name-reserved_for_future_use" class="xref">reserved_for_future_use</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.2.2.1"><a href="#section-4.2.2" class="xref">4.2.2</a>. <a href="#name-configuration_record_crc_pa" class="xref">configuration_record_crc_parity</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.2.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.2.3.1"><a href="#section-4.2.3" class="xref">4.2.3</a>. <a href="#name-mapping-ffv1-into-container" class="xref">Mapping FFV1 into Containers</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.3.1"><a href="#section-4.3" class="xref">4.3</a>. <a href="#name-frame" class="xref">Frame</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.4">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.4.1"><a href="#section-4.4" class="xref">4.4</a>. <a href="#name-slice" class="xref">Slice</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.1"><a href="#section-4.5" class="xref">4.5</a>. <a href="#name-slice-header" class="xref">Slice Header</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.1.1"><a href="#section-4.5.1" class="xref">4.5.1</a>. <a href="#name-slice_x" class="xref">slice_x</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.2.1"><a href="#section-4.5.2" class="xref">4.5.2</a>. <a href="#name-slice_y" class="xref">slice_y</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.3.1"><a href="#section-4.5.3" class="xref">4.5.3</a>. <a href="#name-slice_width" class="xref">slice_width</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.4">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.4.1"><a href="#section-4.5.4" class="xref">4.5.4</a>. <a href="#name-slice_height" class="xref">slice_height</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.5">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.5.1"><a href="#section-4.5.5" class="xref">4.5.5</a>. <a href="#name-quant_table_set_index_count" class="xref">quant_table_set_index_count</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.5.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.6">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.6.1"><a href="#section-4.5.6" class="xref">4.5.6</a>. <a href="#name-quant_table_set_index" class="xref">quant_table_set_index</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.6.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.7">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.7.1"><a href="#section-4.5.7" class="xref">4.5.7</a>. <a href="#name-picture_structure" class="xref">picture_structure</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.7.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.8">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.8.1"><a href="#section-4.5.8" class="xref">4.5.8</a>. <a href="#name-sar_num" class="xref">sar_num</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.8.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.9">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.9.1"><a href="#section-4.5.9" class="xref">4.5.9</a>. <a href="#name-sar_den" class="xref">sar_den</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.5.2.9.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.1"><a href="#section-4.6" class="xref">4.6</a>. <a href="#name-slice-content" class="xref">Slice Content</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.1.1"><a href="#section-4.6.1" class="xref">4.6.1</a>. <a href="#name-primary_color_count" class="xref">primary_color_count</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.2.1"><a href="#section-4.6.2" class="xref">4.6.2</a>. <a href="#name-plane_pixel_height" class="xref">plane_pixel_height</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.3.1"><a href="#section-4.6.3" class="xref">4.6.3</a>. <a href="#name-slice_pixel_height" class="xref">slice_pixel_height</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.4">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.4.1"><a href="#section-4.6.4" class="xref">4.6.4</a>. <a href="#name-slice_pixel_y" class="xref">slice_pixel_y</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.6.2.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.1"><a href="#section-4.7" class="xref">4.7</a>. <a href="#name-line" class="xref">Line</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.1.1"><a href="#section-4.7.1" class="xref">4.7.1</a>. <a href="#name-plane_pixel_width" class="xref">plane_pixel_width</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.2.1"><a href="#section-4.7.2" class="xref">4.7.2</a>. <a href="#name-slice_pixel_width" class="xref">slice_pixel_width</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.3.1"><a href="#section-4.7.3" class="xref">4.7.3</a>. <a href="#name-slice_pixel_x" class="xref">slice_pixel_x</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.4">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.4.1"><a href="#section-4.7.4" class="xref">4.7.4</a>. <a href="#name-sample_difference" class="xref">sample_difference</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.7.2.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.1"><a href="#section-4.8" class="xref">4.8</a>. <a href="#name-slice-footer" class="xref">Slice Footer</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.2.1.1"><a href="#section-4.8.1" class="xref">4.8.1</a>. <a href="#name-slice_size" class="xref">slice_size</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.2.2.1"><a href="#section-4.8.2" class="xref">4.8.2</a>. <a href="#name-error_status" class="xref">error_status</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.2.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.2.3.1"><a href="#section-4.8.3" class="xref">4.8.3</a>. <a href="#name-slice_crc_parity" class="xref">slice_crc_parity</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.8.2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.9">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.9.1"><a href="#section-4.9" class="xref">4.9</a>. <a href="#name-quantization-table-set" class="xref">Quantization Table Set</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.9.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.9.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.9.2.1.1"><a href="#section-4.9.1" class="xref">4.9.1</a>. <a href="#name-quant_tables" class="xref">quant_tables</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.9.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.9.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.9.2.2.1"><a href="#section-4.9.2" class="xref">4.9.2</a>. <a href="#name-context_count" class="xref">context_count</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.9.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.5">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.5.1"><a href="#section-5" class="xref">5</a>. <a href="#name-restrictions" class="xref">Restrictions</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.5.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.6">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.6.1"><a href="#section-6" class="xref">6</a>. <a href="#name-security-considerations" class="xref">Security Considerations</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.6.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.7">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.7.1"><a href="#section-7" class="xref">7</a>. <a href="#name-media-type-definition" class="xref">Media Type Definition</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.7.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.8">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.8.1"><a href="#section-8" class="xref">8</a>. <a href="#name-iana-considerations" class="xref">IANA Considerations</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.8.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.9">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.9.1"><a href="#section-9" class="xref">9</a>. <a href="#name-appendixes" class="xref">Appendixes</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.9.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty"><li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.9.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.9.2.1.1"><a href="#section-9.1" class="xref">9.1</a>. <a href="#name-decoder-implementation-sugg" class="xref">Decoder implementation suggestions</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.9.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty"><li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.9.2.1.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.9.2.1.2.1.1"><a href="#section-9.1.1" class="xref">9.1.1</a>. <a href="#name-multi-threading-support-and" class="xref">Multi-threading Support and Independence of Slices</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.9.2.1.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.10">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.10.1"><a href="#section-10" class="xref">10</a>. <a href="#name-changelog" class="xref">Changelog</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.10.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.11">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.11.1"><a href="#section-11" class="xref">11</a>. <a href="#name-references" class="xref">References</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.11.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.11.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.11.2.1.1"><a href="#section-11.1" class="xref">11.1</a>. <a href="#name-normative-references" class="xref">Normative References</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.11.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.11.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.11.2.2.1"><a href="#section-11.2" class="xref">11.2</a>. <a href="#name-informative-references" class="xref">Informative References</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.11.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.12">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.12.1"><a href="#section-appendix.a" class="xref"></a> <a href="#name-authors-addresses" class="xref">Authors' Addresses</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.12.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</section>
</div>
<div id="introduction">
<section id="section-1"><h2 id="name-introduction">
<a href="#section-1" class="section-number selfRef">1. </a><a href="#name-introduction" class="section-name selfRef">Introduction</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-1-1">This document describes FFV1, a lossless video encoding format. The design of FFV1 considers the storage of image characteristics, data fixity, and the optimized use of encoding time and storage requirements. FFV1 is designed to support a wide range of lossless video applications such as long-term audiovisual preservation, scientific imaging, screen recording, and other video encoding scenarios that seek to avoid the generational loss of lossy video encodings.<a href="#section-1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-1-2">This document defines a version 0, 1, and 3 of FFV1. The distinctions of the versions are provided throughout the document, but in summary:<a href="#section-1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul>
<li id="section-1-3.1">
<p id="section-1-3.1.1">Version 0 of FFV1 was the original implementation of FFV1 and has been in non-experimental use since April 14, 2006 <span>[<a href="#FFV1_V0" class="xref">FFV1_V0</a>].</span><a href="#section-1-3.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-1-3.2">
<p id="section-1-3.2.1">Version 1 of FFV1 adds support of more video bit depths and has been in use since April 24, 2009 <span>[<a href="#FFV1_V1" class="xref">FFV1_V1</a>].</span><a href="#section-1-3.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-1-3.3">
<p id="section-1-3.3.1">Version 2 of FFV1 only existed in experimental form and is not described by this document, but is available as a LyX file at <a href="https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFV1/blob/8ad772b6d61c3dd8b0171979a2cd9f11924d5532/ffv1.lyx">https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFV1/blob/8ad772b6d61c3dd8b0171979a2cd9f11924d5532/ffv1.lyx</a>.<a href="#section-1-3.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-1-3.4">
<p id="section-1-3.4.1">Version 3 of FFV1 adds several features such as increased description of the characteristics of the encoding images and embedded CRC data to support fixity verification of the encoding. Version 3 has been in non-experimental use since August 17, 2013 <span>[<a href="#FFV1_V3" class="xref">FFV1_V3</a>].</span><a href="#section-1-3.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p id="section-1-4">The latest version of this document is available at <a href="https://raw.github.com/FFmpeg/FFV1/master/ffv1.md">https://raw.github.com/FFmpeg/FFV1/master/ffv1.md</a><a href="#section-1-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-1-5">This document assumes familiarity with mathematical and coding concepts such as Range coding <span>[<a href="#range-coding" class="xref">range-coding</a>] and YCbCr color spaces </span><span>[<a href="#YCbCr" class="xref">YCbCr</a>].</span><a href="#section-1-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="notation-and-conventions">
<section id="section-2"><h2 id="name-notation-and-conventions">
<a href="#section-2" class="section-number selfRef">2. </a><a href="#name-notation-and-conventions" class="section-name selfRef">Notation and Conventions</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-2-1">The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in <span>[<a href="#RFC2119" class="xref">RFC2119</a>].</span><a href="#section-2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="definitions">
<section id="section-2.1"><h3 id="name-definitions">
<a href="#section-2.1" class="section-number selfRef">2.1. </a><a href="#name-definitions" class="section-name selfRef">Definitions</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-2.1-1"><code>Container</code>: Format that encapsulates <code>Frames</code> (see <a href="#frame">the section on Frames</a>) and (when required) a <code>Configuration Record</code> into a bitstream.<a href="#section-2.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.1-2"><code>Sample</code>: The smallest addressable representation of a color component or a luma component in a <code>Frame</code>. Examples of <code>Sample</code> are Luma, Blue Chrominance, Red Chrominance, Alpha, Red, Green, and Blue.<a href="#section-2.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.1-3"><code>Plane</code>: A discrete component of a static image comprised of <code>Samples</code> that represent a specific quantification of <code>Samples</code> of that image.<a href="#section-2.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.1-4"><code>Pixel</code>: The smallest addressable representation of a color in a <code>Frame</code>. It is composed of 1 or more <code>Samples</code>.<a href="#section-2.1-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.1-5"><code>ESC</code>: An ESCape symbol to indicate that the symbol to be stored is too large for normal storage and that an alternate storage method.<a href="#section-2.1-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.1-6"><code>MSB</code>: Most Significant Bit, the bit that can cause the largest change in magnitude of the symbol.<a href="#section-2.1-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.1-7"><code>RCT</code>: Reversible Color Transform, a near linear, exactly reversible integer transform that converts between RGB and YCbCr representations of a <code>Pixel</code>.<a href="#section-2.1-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.1-8"><code>VLC</code>: Variable Length Code, a code that maps source symbols to a variable number of bits.<a href="#section-2.1-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.1-9"><code>RGB</code>: A reference to the method of storing the value of a <code>Pixel</code> by using three numeric values that represent Red, Green, and Blue.<a href="#section-2.1-9" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.1-10"><code>YCbCr</code>: A reference to the method of storing the value of a <code>Pixel</code> by using three numeric values that represent the luma of the <code>Pixel</code> (Y) and the chrominance of the <code>Pixel</code> (Cb and Cr). YCbCr word is used for historical reasons and currently references any color space relying on 1 luma <code>Sample</code> and 2 chrominance <code>Samples</code> e.g. YCbCr, YCgCo or ICtCp. Exact meaning of the three numeric values is unspecified.<a href="#section-2.1-10" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.1-11"><code>TBA</code>: To Be Announced. Used in reference to the development of future iterations of the FFV1 specification.<a href="#section-2.1-11" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="conventions">
<section id="section-2.2"><h3 id="name-conventions">
<a href="#section-2.2" class="section-number selfRef">2.2. </a><a href="#name-conventions" class="section-name selfRef">Conventions</a>
</h3>
<div id="pseudo-code">
<section id="section-2.2.1"><h4 id="name-pseudo-code">
<a href="#section-2.2.1" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.1. </a><a href="#name-pseudo-code" class="section-name selfRef">Pseudo-code</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-2.2.1-1">The FFV1 bitstream is described in this document using pseudo-code. Note that the pseudo-code is used for clarity in order to illustrate the structure of FFV1 and not intended to specify any particular implementation. The pseudo-code used is based upon the C programming language <span>[<a href="#ISO.9899.1990" class="xref">ISO.9899.1990</a>] and uses its </span><code>if/else</code>, <code>while</code> and <code>for</code> functions as well as functions defined within this document.<a href="#section-2.2.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="arithmetic-operators">
<section id="section-2.2.2"><h4 id="name-arithmetic-operators">
<a href="#section-2.2.2" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.2. </a><a href="#name-arithmetic-operators" class="section-name selfRef">Arithmetic Operators</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-2.2.2-1">Note: the operators and the order of precedence are the same as used in the C programming language <span>[<a href="#ISO.9899.1990" class="xref">ISO.9899.1990</a>].</span><a href="#section-2.2.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.2-2"><code>a + b</code> means a plus b.<a href="#section-2.2.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.2-3"><code>a - b</code> means a minus b.<a href="#section-2.2.2-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.2-4"><code>-a</code> means negation of a.<a href="#section-2.2.2-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.2-5"><code>a * b</code> means a multiplied by b.<a href="#section-2.2.2-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.2-6"><code>a / b</code> means a divided by b.<a href="#section-2.2.2-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.2-7"><code>a &amp; b</code> means bit-wise "and" of a and b.<a href="#section-2.2.2-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.2-8"><code>a | b</code> means bit-wise "or" of a and b.<a href="#section-2.2.2-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.2-9"><code>a &gt;&gt; b</code> means arithmetic right shift of two’s complement integer representation of a by b binary digits.<a href="#section-2.2.2-9" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.2-10"><code>a &lt;&lt; b</code> means arithmetic left shift of two’s complement integer representation of a by b binary digits.<a href="#section-2.2.2-10" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="assignment-operators">
<section id="section-2.2.3"><h4 id="name-assignment-operators">
<a href="#section-2.2.3" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.3. </a><a href="#name-assignment-operators" class="section-name selfRef">Assignment Operators</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-2.2.3-1"><code>a = b</code> means a is assigned b.<a href="#section-2.2.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.3-2"><code>a++</code> is equivalent to a is assigned a + 1.<a href="#section-2.2.3-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.3-3"><code>a--</code> is equivalent to a is assigned a - 1.<a href="#section-2.2.3-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.3-4"><code>a += b</code> is equivalent to a is assigned a + b.<a href="#section-2.2.3-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.3-5"><code>a -= b</code> is equivalent to a is assigned a - b.<a href="#section-2.2.3-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.3-6"><code>a *= b</code> is equivalent to a is assigned a * b.<a href="#section-2.2.3-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="comparison-operators">
<section id="section-2.2.4"><h4 id="name-comparison-operators">
<a href="#section-2.2.4" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.4. </a><a href="#name-comparison-operators" class="section-name selfRef">Comparison Operators</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-2.2.4-1"><code>a &gt; b</code> means a is greater than b.<a href="#section-2.2.4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.4-2"><code>a &gt;= b</code> means a is greater than or equal to b.<a href="#section-2.2.4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.4-3"><code>a &lt; b</code> means a is less than b.<a href="#section-2.2.4-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.4-4"><code>a &lt;= b</code> means a is less than or equal b.<a href="#section-2.2.4-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.4-5"><code>a == b</code> means a is equal to b.<a href="#section-2.2.4-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.4-6"><code>a != b</code> means a is not equal to b.<a href="#section-2.2.4-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.4-7"><code>a &amp;&amp; b</code> means Boolean logical "and" of a and b.<a href="#section-2.2.4-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.4-8"><code>a || b</code> means Boolean logical "or" of a and b.<a href="#section-2.2.4-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.4-9"><code>!a</code> means Boolean logical "not" of a.<a href="#section-2.2.4-9" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.4-10"><code>a ? b : c</code> if a is true, then b, otherwise c.<a href="#section-2.2.4-10" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="mathematical-functions">
<section id="section-2.2.5"><h4 id="name-mathematical-functions">
<a href="#section-2.2.5" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.5. </a><a href="#name-mathematical-functions" class="section-name selfRef">Mathematical Functions</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-2.2.5-1">⌊a⌋ the largest integer less than or equal to a<a href="#section-2.2.5-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.5-2">⌈a⌉ the smallest integer greater than or equal to a<a href="#section-2.2.5-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.5-3">sign(a) extracts the sign of a number, i.e. if a &lt; 0 then -1, else if a &gt; 0 then 1, else 0<a href="#section-2.2.5-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.5-4">abs(a) the absolute value of a, i.e. abs(a) = sign(a)*a<a href="#section-2.2.5-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.5-5">log2(a) the base-two logarithm of a<a href="#section-2.2.5-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.5-6">min(a,b) the smallest of two values a and b<a href="#section-2.2.5-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.5-7">max(a,b) the largest of two values a and b<a href="#section-2.2.5-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.5-8">median(a,b,c) the numerical middle value in a data set of a, b, and c, i.e. a+b+c-min(a,b,c)-max(a,b,c)<a href="#section-2.2.5-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.5-9">a<sub>b</sub> the b-th value of a sequence of a<a href="#section-2.2.5-9" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2.2.5-10">a<sub>b,c</sub> the 'b,c'-th value of a sequence of a<a href="#section-2.2.5-10" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="order-of-operation-precedence">
<section id="section-2.2.6"><h4 id="name-order-of-operation-preceden">
<a href="#section-2.2.6" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.6. </a><a href="#name-order-of-operation-preceden" class="section-name selfRef">Order of Operation Precedence</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-2.2.6-1">When order of precedence is not indicated explicitly by use of parentheses, operations are evaluated in the following order (from top to bottom, operations of same precedence being evaluated from left to right). This order of operations is based on the order of operations used in Standard C.<a href="#section-2.2.6-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-2.2.6-2">
<pre>a++, a--
!a, -a
a * b, a / b, a % b
a + b, a - b
a &lt;&lt; b, a &gt;&gt; b
a &lt; b, a &lt;= b, a &gt; b, a &gt;= b
a == b, a != b
a &amp; b
a | b
a &amp;&amp; b
a || b
a ? b : c
a = b, a += b, a -= b, a *= b
</pre>
<a href="#section-2.2.6-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="range">
<section id="section-2.2.7"><h4 id="name-range">
<a href="#section-2.2.7" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.7. </a><a href="#name-range" class="section-name selfRef">Range</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-2.2.7-1"><code>a...b</code> means any value starting from a to b, inclusive.<a href="#section-2.2.7-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="numbytes">
<section id="section-2.2.8"><h4 id="name-numbytes">
<a href="#section-2.2.8" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.8. </a><a href="#name-numbytes" class="section-name selfRef">NumBytes</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-2.2.8-1"><code>NumBytes</code> is a non-negative integer that expresses the size in 8-bit octets of particular FFV1 <code>Configuration Record</code> or <code>Frame</code>. FFV1 relies on its <code>Container</code> to store the <code>NumBytes</code> values, see <a href="#mapping-ffv1-into-containers">the section on Mapping FFV1 into Containers</a>.<a href="#section-2.2.8-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="bitstream-functions">
<section id="section-2.2.9"><h4 id="name-bitstream-functions">
<a href="#section-2.2.9" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.9. </a><a href="#name-bitstream-functions" class="section-name selfRef">Bitstream Functions</a>
</h4>
<div id="remaining-bits-in-bitstream">
<section id="section-2.2.9.1"><h5 id="name-remaining_bits_in_bitstream">
<a href="#section-2.2.9.1" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.9.1. </a><a href="#name-remaining_bits_in_bitstream" class="section-name selfRef">remaining_bits_in_bitstream</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-2.2.9.1-1"><code>remaining_bits_in_bitstream( )</code> means the count of remaining bits after the pointer in that <code>Configuration Record</code> or <code>Frame</code>. It is computed from the <code>NumBytes</code> value multiplied by 8 minus the count of bits of that <code>Configuration Record</code> or <code>Frame</code> already read by the bitstream parser.<a href="#section-2.2.9.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="byte-aligned">
<section id="section-2.2.9.2"><h5 id="name-byte_aligned">
<a href="#section-2.2.9.2" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.9.2. </a><a href="#name-byte_aligned" class="section-name selfRef">byte_aligned</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-2.2.9.2-1"><code>byte_aligned( )</code> is true if <code>remaining_bits_in_bitstream( NumBytes )</code> is a multiple of 8, otherwise false.<a href="#section-2.2.9.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="get-bits">
<section id="section-2.2.9.3"><h5 id="name-get_bits">
<a href="#section-2.2.9.3" class="section-number selfRef">2.2.9.3. </a><a href="#name-get_bits" class="section-name selfRef">get_bits</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-2.2.9.3-1"><code>get_bits( i )</code> is the action to read the next <code>i</code> bits in the bitstream, from most significant bit to least significant bit, and to return the corresponding value. The pointer is increased by <code>i</code>.<a href="#section-2.2.9.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="sample-coding">
<section id="section-3"><h2 id="name-sample-coding">
<a href="#section-3" class="section-number selfRef">3. </a><a href="#name-sample-coding" class="section-name selfRef">Sample Coding</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-3-1">For each <code>Slice</code> (as described in <a href="#slice">the section on Slices</a>) of a <code>Frame</code>, the <code>Planes</code>, <code>Lines</code>, and <code>Samples</code> are coded in an order determined by the <code>Color Space</code> (see <a href="#color-spaces">the section on Color Space</a>). Each <code>Sample</code> is predicted by the median predictor as described in <a href="#median-predictor">the section of the Median Predictor</a> from other <code>Samples</code> within the same <code>Plane</code> and the difference is stored using the method described in <a href="#coding-of-the-sample-difference">Coding of the Sample Difference</a>.<a href="#section-3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="border">
<section id="section-3.1"><h3 id="name-border">
<a href="#section-3.1" class="section-number selfRef">3.1. </a><a href="#name-border" class="section-name selfRef">Border</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-3.1-1">A border is assumed for each coded <code>Slice</code> for the purpose of the median predictor and context according to the following rules:<a href="#section-3.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul>
<li id="section-3.1-2.1">
<p id="section-3.1-2.1.1">one column of <code>Samples</code> to the left of the coded slice is assumed as identical to the <code>Samples</code> of the leftmost column of the coded slice shifted down by one row. The value of the topmost <code>Sample</code> of the column of <code>Samples</code> to the left of the coded slice is assumed to be <code>0</code><a href="#section-3.1-2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-3.1-2.2">
<p id="section-3.1-2.2.1">one column of <code>Samples</code> to the right of the coded slice is assumed as identical to the <code>Samples</code> of the rightmost column of the coded slice<a href="#section-3.1-2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-3.1-2.3">
<p id="section-3.1-2.3.1">an additional column of <code>Samples</code> to the left of the coded slice and two rows of <code>Samples</code> above the coded slice are assumed to be <code>0</code><a href="#section-3.1-2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p id="section-3.1-3">The following table depicts a slice of 9 <code>Samples</code> <code>a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i</code> in a 3x3 arrangement along with its assumed border.<a href="#section-3.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-3.1-4">
<pre>+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 0 | | a | b | c | | c |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | a | | d | e | f | | f |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | d | | g | h | i | | i |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
</pre>
<a href="#section-3.1-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="samples">
<section id="section-3.2"><h3 id="name-samples">
<a href="#section-3.2" class="section-number selfRef">3.2. </a><a href="#name-samples" class="section-name selfRef">Samples</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-3.2-1">Relative to any <code>Sample</code> <code>X</code>, six other relatively positioned <code>Samples</code> from the coded <code>Samples</code> and presumed border are identified according to the labels used in the following diagram. The labels for these relatively positioned <code>Samples</code> are used within the median predictor and context.<a href="#section-3.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-3.2-2">
<pre>+---+---+---+---+
| | | T | |
+---+---+---+---+
| |tl | t |tr |
+---+---+---+---+
| L | l | X | |
+---+---+---+---+
</pre>
<a href="#section-3.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-3.2-3">The labels for these relative <code>Samples</code> are made of the first letters of the words Top, Left and Right.<a href="#section-3.2-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="median-predictor">
<section id="section-3.3"><h3 id="name-median-predictor">
<a href="#section-3.3" class="section-number selfRef">3.3. </a><a href="#name-median-predictor" class="section-name selfRef">Median Predictor</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-3.3-1">The prediction for any <code>Sample</code> value at position <code>X</code> may be computed based upon the relative neighboring values of <code>l</code>, <code>t</code>, and <code>tl</code> via this equation:<a href="#section-3.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-3.3-2"><code>median(l, t, l + t - tl)</code>.<a href="#section-3.3-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-3.3-3">Note, this prediction template is also used in <span>[<a href="#ISO.14495-1.1999" class="xref">ISO.14495-1.1999</a>] and </span><span>[<a href="#HuffYUV" class="xref">HuffYUV</a>].</span><a href="#section-3.3-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-3.3-4">Exception for the median predictor:
if <code>colorspace_type == 0 &amp;&amp; bits_per_raw_sample == 16 &amp;&amp; ( coder_type == 1 || coder_type == 2 )</code>, the following median predictor MUST be used:<a href="#section-3.3-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-3.3-5"><code>median(left16s, top16s, left16s + top16s - diag16s)</code><a href="#section-3.3-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-3.3-6">where:<a href="#section-3.3-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-3.3-7">
<pre>left16s = l &gt;= 32768 ? ( l - 65536 ) : l
top16s = t &gt;= 32768 ? ( t - 65536 ) : t
diag16s = tl &gt;= 32768 ? ( tl - 65536 ) : tl
</pre>
<a href="#section-3.3-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-3.3-8">Background: a two's complement signed 16-bit signed integer was used for storing <code>Sample</code> values in all known implementations of FFV1 bitstream. So in some circumstances, the most significant bit was wrongly interpreted (used as a sign bit instead of the 16th bit of an unsigned integer). Note that when the issue is discovered, the only configuration of all known implementations being impacted is 16-bit YCbCr with no Pixel transformation with Range Coder coder, as other potentially impacted configurations (e.g. 15/16-bit JPEG2000-RCT with Range Coder coder, or 16-bit content with Golomb Rice coder) were implemented nowhere <span>[<a href="#ISO.15444-1.2016" class="xref">ISO.15444-1.2016</a>]. In the meanwhile, 16-bit JPEG2000-RCT with Range Coder coder was implemented without this issue in one implementation and validated by one conformance checker. It is expected (to be confirmed) to remove this exception for the median predictor in the next version of the FFV1 bitstream.</span><a href="#section-3.3-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="context">
<section id="section-3.4"><h3 id="name-context">
<a href="#section-3.4" class="section-number selfRef">3.4. </a><a href="#name-context" class="section-name selfRef">Context</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-3.4-1">Relative to any <code>Sample</code> <code>X</code>, the Quantized Sample Differences <code>L-l</code>, <code>l-tl</code>, <code>tl-t</code>, <code>T-t</code>, and <code>t-tr</code> are used as context:<a href="#section-3.4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-svg alignLeft" id="section-3.4-2">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="349pt" height="13pt" viewBox="0 0 349 13" version="1.1">
<defs>
<g>
<symbol overflow="visible" id="context.svg-glyph0-0">
<path style="stroke:none;" d=""></path></symbol><symbol overflow="visible" id="context.svg-glyph0-1">
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<use xlink:href="#context.svg-glyph1-3" x="346.853" y="9.154"></use></g></g></svg><a href="#section-3.4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-3.4-3">If <code>context &gt;= 0</code> then <code>context</code> is used and the difference between the <code>Sample</code> and its predicted value is encoded as is, else <code>-context</code> is used and the difference between the <code>Sample</code> and its predicted value is encoded with a flipped sign.<a href="#section-3.4-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="quantization-table-sets">
<section id="section-3.5"><h3 id="name-quantization-table-sets">
<a href="#section-3.5" class="section-number selfRef">3.5. </a><a href="#name-quantization-table-sets" class="section-name selfRef">Quantization Table Sets</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-3.5-1">The FFV1 bitstream contains 1 or more Quantization Table Sets. Each Quantization Table Set contains exactly 5 Quantization Tables with each Quantization Table corresponding to 1 of the 5 Quantized Sample Differences. For each Quantization Table, both the number of quantization steps and their distribution are stored in the FFV1 bitstream; each Quantization Table has exactly 256 entries, and the 8 least significant bits of the Quantized Sample Difference are used as index:<a href="#section-3.5-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
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<use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-1" x="-0.146" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-2" x="8.95908" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-3" x="17.734197" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-4" x="23.711797" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-5" x="27.288793" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-6" x="33.266393" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-7" x="36.518207" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-8" x="42.696655" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-9" x="45.948469" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-10" x="55.053549" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-11" x="61.231997" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-12" x="67.735626" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-13" x="73.588892" y="9.753"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-14" x="79.76973" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-2" x="84.32227" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-14" x="93.097387" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-12" x="97.649927" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-15" x="103.503193" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-16" x="110.006822" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-17" x="113.258636" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-18" x="118.461539" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-6" x="123.078637" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-19" x="126.330452" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-8" x="129.582266" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-6" x="132.834081" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-4" x="136.085895" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-8" x="139.662891" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-6" x="142.914705" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-7" x="146.16652" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-20" x="152.344967" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-21" x="161.450047" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-22" x="167.303313" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-22" x="173.156579" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#quantizationtablesets.svg-glyph0-8" x="179.009845" y="9.753"></use></g></g></svg><a href="#section-3.5-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-3.5-3">In this formula, <code>i</code> is the Quantization Table Set index, <code>j</code> is the Quantized Table index, <code>k</code> the Quantized Sample Difference.<a href="#section-3.5-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="quantization-table-set-indexes">
<section id="section-3.6"><h3 id="name-quantization-table-set-inde">
<a href="#section-3.6" class="section-number selfRef">3.6. </a><a href="#name-quantization-table-set-inde" class="section-name selfRef">Quantization Table Set Indexes</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-3.6-1">For each <code>Plane</code> of each slice, a Quantization Table Set is selected from an index:<a href="#section-3.6-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul>
<li id="section-3.6-2.1">
<p id="section-3.6-2.1.1">For Y <code>Plane</code>, <code>quant_table_set_index [ 0 ]</code> index is used<a href="#section-3.6-2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-3.6-2.2">
<p id="section-3.6-2.2.1">For Cb and Cr <code>Planes</code>, <code>quant_table_set_index [ 1 ]</code> index is used<a href="#section-3.6-2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-3.6-2.3">
<p id="section-3.6-2.3.1">For Alpha <code>Plane</code>, <code>quant_table_set_index [ (version &lt;= 3 || chroma_planes) ? 2 : 1 ]</code> index is used<a href="#section-3.6-2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p id="section-3.6-3">Background: in first implementations of FFV1 bitstream, the index for Cb and Cr <code>Planes</code> was stored even if it is not used (chroma_planes set to 0), this index is kept for version &lt;= 3 in order to keep compatibility with FFV1 bitstreams in the wild.<a href="#section-3.6-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="color-spaces">
<section id="section-3.7"><h3 id="name-color-spaces">
<a href="#section-3.7" class="section-number selfRef">3.7. </a><a href="#name-color-spaces" class="section-name selfRef">Color spaces</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-3.7-1">FFV1 supports two color spaces: YCbCr and RGB. Both color spaces allow an optional Alpha <code>Plane</code> that can be used to code transparency data.<a href="#section-3.7-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-3.7-2">The FFV1 bitstream interleaves data in an order determined by the color space. In YCbCr for each <code>Plane</code>, each <code>Line</code> is coded from top to bottom and for each <code>Line</code>, each <code>Sample</code> is coded from left to right. In JPEG2000-RCT for each <code>Line</code> from top to bottom, each <code>Plane</code> is coded and for each <code>Plane</code>, each <code>Sample</code> is encoded from left to right.<a href="#section-3.7-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="ycbcr">
<section id="section-3.7.1"><h4 id="name-ycbcr">
<a href="#section-3.7.1" class="section-number selfRef">3.7.1. </a><a href="#name-ycbcr" class="section-name selfRef">YCbCr</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-3.7.1-1">In YCbCr color space, the Cb and Cr <code>Planes</code> are optional, but if used then MUST be used together. Omitting the Cb and Cr <code>Planes</code> codes the frames in grayscale without color data. An FFV1 <code>Frame</code> using YCbCr MUST use one of the following arrangements:<a href="#section-3.7.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul>
<li id="section-3.7.1-2.1">
<p id="section-3.7.1-2.1.1">Y<a href="#section-3.7.1-2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-3.7.1-2.2">
<p id="section-3.7.1-2.2.1">Y, Alpha<a href="#section-3.7.1-2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-3.7.1-2.3">
<p id="section-3.7.1-2.3.1">Y, Cb, Cr<a href="#section-3.7.1-2.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-3.7.1-2.4">
<p id="section-3.7.1-2.4.1">Y, Cb, Cr, Alpha<a href="#section-3.7.1-2.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p id="section-3.7.1-3">The Y <code>Plane</code> MUST be coded first. If the Cb and Cr <code>Planes</code> are used then they MUST be coded after the Y <code>Plane</code>. If an Alpha (transparency) <code>Plane</code> is used, then it MUST be coded last.<a href="#section-3.7.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="rgb">
<section id="section-3.7.2"><h4 id="name-rgb">
<a href="#section-3.7.2" class="section-number selfRef">3.7.2. </a><a href="#name-rgb" class="section-name selfRef">RGB</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-3.7.2-1">JPEG2000-RCT is a Reversible Color Transform that codes RGB (red, green, blue) <code>Planes</code> losslessly in a modified YCbCr color space <span>[<a href="#ISO.15444-1.2016" class="xref">ISO.15444-1.2016</a>]. Reversible Pixel transformations between YCbCr and RGB use the following formulae.</span><a href="#section-3.7.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
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<use xlink:href="#rgb1.svg-glyph0-2" x="4.484" y="81.091"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#rgb1.svg-glyph1-1" x="24.352" y="81.091"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#rgb1.svg-glyph0-1" x="79.726" y="81.091"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#rgb1.svg-glyph0-2" x="88.961392" y="81.091"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#rgb1.svg-glyph1-2" x="96.594" y="81.091"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#rgb1.svg-glyph0-3" x="108.355" y="81.091"></use></g></g></svg><a href="#section-3.7.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-3.7.2-3">Exception for the JPEG2000-RCT conversion: if bits<em>per</em>raw<em>sample is between 9 and 15 inclusive and alpha</em>plane is 0, the following formulae for reversible conversions between YCbCr and RGB MUST be used instead of the ones above:<a href="#section-3.7.2-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
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<use xlink:href="#rgb2.svg-glyph0-2" x="108.884" y="81.091"></use></g></g></svg><a href="#section-3.7.2-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-3.7.2-5">Background: At the time of this writing, in all known implementations of FFV1 bitstream, when bits<em>per</em>raw<em>sample was between 9 and 15 inclusive and alpha</em>plane is 0, GBR <code>Planes</code> were used as BGR <code>Planes</code> during both encoding and decoding. In the meanwhile, 16-bit JPEG2000-RCT was implemented without this issue in one implementation and validated by one conformance checker. Methods to address this exception for the transform are under consideration for the next version of the FFV1 bitstream.<a href="#section-3.7.2-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-3.7.2-6">When FFV1 uses the JPEG2000-RCT, the horizontal <code>Lines</code> are interleaved to improve caching efficiency since it is most likely that the JPEG2000-RCT will immediately be converted to RGB during decoding. The interleaved coding order is also Y, then Cb, then Cr, and then if used Alpha.<a href="#section-3.7.2-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-3.7.2-7">As an example, a <code>Frame</code> that is two <code>Pixels</code> wide and two <code>Pixels</code> high, could be comprised of the following structure:<a href="#section-3.7.2-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-3.7.2-8">
<pre>+------------------------+------------------------+
| Pixel[1,1] | Pixel[2,1] |
| Y[1,1] Cb[1,1] Cr[1,1] | Y[2,1] Cb[2,1] Cr[2,1] |
+------------------------+------------------------+
| Pixel[1,2] | Pixel[2,2] |
| Y[1,2] Cb[1,2] Cr[1,2] | Y[2,2] Cb[2,2] Cr[2,2] |
+------------------------+------------------------+
</pre>
<a href="#section-3.7.2-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-3.7.2-9">In JPEG2000-RCT, the coding order would be left to right and then top to bottom, with values interleaved by <code>Lines</code> and stored in this order:<a href="#section-3.7.2-9" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-3.7.2-10">Y[1,1] Y[2,1] Cb[1,1] Cb[2,1] Cr[1,1] Cr[2,1] Y[1,2] Y[2,2] Cb[1,2] Cb[2,2] Cr[1,2] Cr[2,2]<a href="#section-3.7.2-10" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="coding-of-the-sample-difference">
<section id="section-3.8"><h3 id="name-coding-of-the-sample-differ">
<a href="#section-3.8" class="section-number selfRef">3.8. </a><a href="#name-coding-of-the-sample-differ" class="section-name selfRef">Coding of the Sample Difference</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-3.8-1">Instead of coding the n+1 bits of the Sample Difference with Huffman or Range coding (or n+2 bits, in the case of JPEG2000-RCT), only the n (or n+1, in the case of JPEG2000-RCT) least significant bits are used, since this is sufficient to recover the original <code>Sample</code>. In the equation below, the term "bits" represents bits<em>per</em>raw<em>sample+1 for JPEG2000-RCT or bits</em>per<em>raw</em>sample otherwise:<a href="#section-3.8-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
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</div>
<div id="range-coding-mode">
<section id="section-3.8.1"><h4 id="name-range-coding-mode">
<a href="#section-3.8.1" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.1. </a><a href="#name-range-coding-mode" class="section-name selfRef">Range Coding Mode</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-3.8.1-1">Early experimental versions of FFV1 used the CABAC Arithmetic coder from H.264 as defined in <span>[<a href="#ISO.14496-10.2014" class="xref">ISO.14496-10.2014</a>] but due to the uncertain patent/royalty situation, as well as its slightly worse performance, CABAC was replaced by a Range coder based on an algorithm defined by G. Nigel and N. Martin in 1979 </span><span>[<a href="#range-coding" class="xref">range-coding</a>].</span><a href="#section-3.8.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="range-binary-values">
<section id="section-3.8.1.1"><h5 id="name-range-binary-values">
<a href="#section-3.8.1.1" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.1.1. </a><a href="#name-range-binary-values" class="section-name selfRef">Range Binary Values</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-3.8.1.1-1">To encode binary digits efficiently a Range coder is used. <code>C~i~</code> is the i-th Context. <code>B~i~</code> is the i-th byte of the bytestream. <code>b~i~</code> is the i-th Range coded binary value, <code>S~0,i~</code> is the i-th initial state, which is 128. The length of the bytestream encoding n binary symbols is <code>j~n~</code> bytes.<a href="#section-3.8.1.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
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<use xlink:href="#rangebinaryvalues6.svg-glyph1-3" x="75.742" y="12.992"></use></g></g></svg><a href="#section-3.8.1.1-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<div class="artwork art-svg alignLeft" id="section-3.8.1.1-8">
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<use xlink:href="#rangebinaryvalues7.svg-glyph2-2" x="25.862626" y="8.199"></use></g></g></svg><a href="#section-3.8.1.1-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="range-non-binary-values">
<section id="section-3.8.1.2"><h5 id="name-range-non-binary-values">
<a href="#section-3.8.1.2" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.1.2. </a><a href="#name-range-non-binary-values" class="section-name selfRef">Range Non Binary Values</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-3.8.1.2-1">To encode scalar integers, it would be possible to encode each bit separately and use the past bits as context. However that would mean 255 contexts per 8-bit symbol that is not only a waste of memory but also requires more past data to reach a reasonably good estimate of the probabilities. Alternatively assuming a Laplacian distribution and only dealing with its variance and mean (as in Huffman coding) would also be possible, however, for maximum flexibility and simplicity, the chosen method uses a single symbol to encode if a number is 0 and if not encodes the number using its exponent, mantissa and sign. The exact contexts used are best described by the following code, followed by some comments.<a href="#section-3.8.1.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-3.8.1.2-2">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
void put_symbol(RangeCoder *c, uint8_t *state, int v, int \ |
is_signed) { |
    int i; |
    put_rac(c, state+0, !v); |
    if (v) { |
        int a= abs(v); |
        int e= log2(a); |
|
        for (i=0; i&lt;e; i++) |
            put_rac(c, state+1+min(i,9), 1);  //1..10 |
|
        put_rac(c, state+1+min(i,9), 0); |
        for (i=e-1; i&gt;=0; i--) |
            put_rac(c, state+22+min(i,9), (a&gt;&gt;i)&amp;1); //22..31 |
|
        if (is_signed) |
            put_rac(c, state+11 + min(e, 10), v &lt; 0); //11..21|
    } |
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-3.8.1.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="initial-values-for-the-context-model">
<section id="section-3.8.1.3"><h5 id="name-initial-values-for-the-cont">
<a href="#section-3.8.1.3" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.1.3. </a><a href="#name-initial-values-for-the-cont" class="section-name selfRef">Initial Values for the Context Model</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-3.8.1.3-1">At keyframes all Range coder state variables are set to their initial state.<a href="#section-3.8.1.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="state-transition-table">
<section id="section-3.8.1.4"><h5 id="name-state-transition-table">
<a href="#section-3.8.1.4" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.1.4. </a><a href="#name-state-transition-table" class="section-name selfRef">State Transition Table</a>
</h5>
<div class="artwork art-svg alignLeft" id="section-3.8.1.4-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="350pt" height="12pt" viewBox="0 0 350 12" version="1.1">
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<use xlink:href="#statetransitiontable2.svg-glyph2-1" x="180.375" y="9.993"></use></g></g></svg><a href="#section-3.8.1.4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="default-state-transition">
<section id="section-3.8.1.5"><h5 id="name-default_state_transition">
<a href="#section-3.8.1.5" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.1.5. </a><a href="#name-default_state_transition" class="section-name selfRef">default_state_transition</a>
</h5>
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-3.8.1.5-1">
<pre>  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 56, 57,
 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
 74, 75, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88,
 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,
104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,114,115,116,117,118,
119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,133,
134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,
150,151,152,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,
165,166,167,168,169,170,171,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,
180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,190,191,192,194,194,
195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,202,204,205,206,207,208,209,209,
210,211,212,213,215,215,216,217,218,219,220,220,222,223,224,225,
226,227,227,229,229,230,231,232,234,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,
241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,248,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
</pre>
<a href="#section-3.8.1.5-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="alternative-state-transition-table">
<section id="section-3.8.1.6"><h5 id="name-alternative-state-transitio">
<a href="#section-3.8.1.6" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.1.6. </a><a href="#name-alternative-state-transitio" class="section-name selfRef">Alternative State Transition Table</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-3.8.1.6-1">The alternative state transition table has been built using iterative minimization of frame sizes and generally performs better than the default. To use it, the coder_type (see <a href="#codertype">the section on coder_type</a>) MUST be set to 2 and the difference to the default MUST be stored in the <code>Parameters</code>, see <a href="#parameters">the section on Parameters</a>. The reference implementation of FFV1 in FFmpeg uses this table by default at the time of this writing when Range coding is used.<a href="#section-3.8.1.6-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-3.8.1.6-2">
<pre>  0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 16, 16, 16, 28, 16, 16, 29, 42, 49, 20, 49,
 59, 25, 26, 26, 27, 31, 33, 33, 33, 34, 34, 37, 67, 38, 39, 39,
 40, 40, 41, 79, 43, 44, 45, 45, 48, 48, 64, 50, 51, 52, 88, 52,
 53, 74, 55, 57, 58, 58, 74, 60,101, 61, 62, 84, 66, 66, 68, 69,
 87, 82, 71, 97, 73, 73, 82, 75,111, 77, 94, 78, 87, 81, 83, 97,
 85, 83, 94, 86, 99, 89, 90, 99,111, 92, 93,134, 95, 98,105, 98,
105,110,102,108,102,118,103,106,106,113,109,112,114,112,116,125,
115,116,117,117,126,119,125,121,121,123,145,124,126,131,127,129,
165,130,132,138,133,135,145,136,137,139,146,141,143,142,144,148,
147,155,151,149,151,150,152,157,153,154,156,168,158,162,161,160,
172,163,169,164,166,184,167,170,177,174,171,173,182,176,180,178,
175,189,179,181,186,183,192,185,200,187,191,188,190,197,193,196,
197,194,195,196,198,202,199,201,210,203,207,204,205,206,208,214,
209,211,221,212,213,215,224,216,217,218,219,220,222,228,223,225,
226,224,227,229,240,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,238,239,237,242,
241,243,242,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,252,253,254,255,
</pre>
<a href="#section-3.8.1.6-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="golomb-rice-mode">
<section id="section-3.8.2"><h4 id="name-golomb-rice-mode">
<a href="#section-3.8.2" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.2. </a><a href="#name-golomb-rice-mode" class="section-name selfRef">Golomb Rice Mode</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-3.8.2-1">This coding mode uses Golomb Rice codes. The VLC is split into 2 parts, the prefix stores the most significant bits and the suffix stores the k least significant bits or stores the whole number in the ESC case. The end of the bitstream of the <code>Frame</code> is filled with 0-bits until that the bitstream contains a multiple of 8 bits.<a href="#section-3.8.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="prefix">
<section id="section-3.8.2.1"><h5 id="name-prefix">
<a href="#section-3.8.2.1" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.2.1. </a><a href="#name-prefix" class="section-name selfRef">Prefix</a>
</h5>
<table id="table-1">
<caption><a href="#table-1">Table 1</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">bits</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">01</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">...</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0000 0000 0001</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0000 0000 0000</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ESC</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="suffix">
<section id="section-3.8.2.2"><h5 id="name-suffix">
<a href="#section-3.8.2.2" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.2.2. </a><a href="#name-suffix" class="section-name selfRef">Suffix</a>
</h5>
<table id="table-2">
<caption><a href="#table-2">Table 2</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">non ESC</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">the k least significant bits MSB first</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ESC</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">the value - 11, in MSB first order, ESC may only be used if the value cannot be coded as non ESC</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="examples">
<section id="section-3.8.2.3"><h5 id="name-examples">
<a href="#section-3.8.2.3" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.2.3. </a><a href="#name-examples" class="section-name selfRef">Examples</a>
</h5>
<table id="table-3">
<caption><a href="#table-3">Table 3</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">k</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">bits</th>
<th class="text-right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>1</code></td>
<td class="text-right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>001</code></td>
<td class="text-right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>1 00</code></td>
<td class="text-right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>1 10</code></td>
<td class="text-right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>01 01</code></td>
<td class="text-right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">any</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>000000000000 10000000</code></td>
<td class="text-right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">139</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="run-mode">
<section id="section-3.8.2.4"><h5 id="name-run-mode">
<a href="#section-3.8.2.4" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.2.4. </a><a href="#name-run-mode" class="section-name selfRef">Run Mode</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-3.8.2.4-1">Run mode is entered when the context is 0 and left as soon as a non-0 difference is found. The level is identical to the predicted one. The run and the first different level are coded.<a href="#section-3.8.2.4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="run-length-coding">
<section id="section-3.8.2.5"><h5 id="name-run-length-coding">
<a href="#section-3.8.2.5" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.2.5. </a><a href="#name-run-length-coding" class="section-name selfRef">Run Length Coding</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-3.8.2.5-1">The run value is encoded in 2 parts, the prefix part stores the more significant part of the run as well as adjusting the run_index that determines the number of bits in the less significant part of the run. The 2nd part of the value stores the less significant part of the run as it is. The run_index is reset for each <code>Plane</code> and slice to 0.<a href="#section-3.8.2.5-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-3.8.2.5-2">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
log2_run[41]={ |
 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, |
 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, |
 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, |
 8, 9,10,11,12,13,14,15, |
16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23, |
24, |
}; |
|
if (run_count == 0 &amp;&amp; run_mode == 1) { |
    if (get_bits(1)) { |
        run_count = 1 &lt;&lt; log2_run[run_index]; |
        if (x + run_count &lt;= w) |
            run_index++; |
    } else { |
        if (log2_run[run_index]) |
            run_count = get_bits(log2_run[run_index]); |
        else |
            run_count = 0; |
        if (run_index) |
            run_index--; |
        run_mode = 2; |
    } |
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-3.8.2.5-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-3.8.2.5-3">The log2_run function is also used within <span>[<a href="#ISO.14495-1.1999" class="xref">ISO.14495-1.1999</a>].</span><a href="#section-3.8.2.5-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="level-coding">
<section id="section-3.8.2.6"><h5 id="name-level-coding">
<a href="#section-3.8.2.6" class="section-number selfRef">3.8.2.6. </a><a href="#name-level-coding" class="section-name selfRef">Level Coding</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-3.8.2.6-1">Level coding is identical to the normal difference coding with the exception that the 0 value is removed as it cannot occur:<a href="#section-3.8.2.6-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-3.8.2.6-2">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c"> if (diff&gt;0) diff--;
encode(diff);
</pre>
<a href="#section-3.8.2.6-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-3.8.2.6-3">Note, this is different from JPEG-LS, which doesn’t use prediction in run mode and uses a different encoding and context model for the last difference On a small set of test <code>Samples</code> the use of prediction slightly improved the compression rate.<a href="#section-3.8.2.6-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="bitstream">
<section id="section-4"><h2 id="name-bitstream">
<a href="#section-4" class="section-number selfRef">4. </a><a href="#name-bitstream" class="section-name selfRef">Bitstream</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-4-1">An FFV1 bitstream is composed of a series of 1 or more <code>Frames</code> and (when required) a <code>Configuration Record</code>.<a href="#section-4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4-2">Within the following sub-sections, pseudo-code is used to explain the structure of each FFV1 bitstream component, as described in <a href="#pseudocode">the section on Pseudo-Code</a>. The following table lists symbols used to annotate that pseudo-code in order to define the storage of the data referenced in that line of pseudo-code.<a href="#section-4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-4">
<caption><a href="#table-4">Table 4</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Symbol</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Definition</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">u(n)</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">unsigned big endian integer using n bits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">sg</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Golomb Rice coded signed scalar symbol coded with the method described in <a href="#golomb-rice-mode">Huffman Coding Mode</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">br</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Range coded Boolean (1-bit) symbol with the method described in <a href="#range-binary-values">Range binary values</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ur</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Range coded unsigned scalar symbol coded with the method described in <a href="#range-non-binary-values">Range non binary values</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">sr</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Range coded signed scalar symbol coded with the method described in <a href="#range-non-binary-values">Range non binary values</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p id="section-4-4">The same context that is initialized to 128 is used for all fields in the header.<a href="#section-4-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4-5">The following MUST be provided by external means during initialization of the decoder:<a href="#section-4-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4-6"><code>frame_pixel_width</code> is defined as <code>Frame</code> width in <code>Pixels</code>.<a href="#section-4-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4-7"><code>frame_pixel_height</code> is defined as <code>Frame</code> height in <code>Pixels</code>.<a href="#section-4-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4-8">Default values at the decoder initialization phase:<a href="#section-4-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4-9"><code>ConfigurationRecordIsPresent</code> is set to 0.<a href="#section-4-9" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="parameters">
<section id="section-4.1"><h3 id="name-parameters">
<a href="#section-4.1" class="section-number selfRef">4.1. </a><a href="#name-parameters" class="section-name selfRef">Parameters</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.1-1">The <code>Parameters</code> section contains significant characteristics about the decoding configuration used for all instances of <code>Frame</code> (in FFV1 version 0 and 1) or the whole FFV1 bitstream (other versions), including the stream version, color configuration, and quantization tables. The pseudo-code below describes the contents of the bitstream.<a href="#section-4.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-4.1-2">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
Parameters( ) { |
version | ur
if (version &gt;= 3) |
micro_version | ur
coder_type | ur
if (coder_type &gt; 1) |
for (i = 1; i &lt; 256; i++) |
state_transition_delta[ i ] | sr
colorspace_type | ur
if (version &gt;= 1) |
bits_per_raw_sample | ur
chroma_planes | br
log2_h_chroma_subsample | ur
log2_v_chroma_subsample | ur
alpha_plane | br
if (version &gt;= 3) { |
num_h_slices - 1 | ur
num_v_slices - 1 | ur
quant_table_set_count | ur
} |
for( i = 0; i &lt; quant_table_set_count; i++ ) |
QuantizationTableSet( i ) |
if (version &gt;= 3) { |
for( i = 0; i &lt; quant_table_set_count; i++ ) { |
states_coded | br
if (states_coded) |
for( j = 0; j &lt; context_count[ i ]; j++ ) |
for( k = 0; k &lt; CONTEXT_SIZE; k++ ) |
initial_state_delta[ i ][ j ][ k ] | sr
} |
ec | ur
intra | ur
} |
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-4.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<div id="version">
<section id="section-4.1.1"><h4 id="name-version">
<a href="#section-4.1.1" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.1. </a><a href="#name-version" class="section-name selfRef">version</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.1-1"><code>version</code> specifies the version of the FFV1 bitstream.<a href="#section-4.1.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.1-2">Each version is incompatible with others versions: decoders SHOULD reject a file due to unknown version.<a href="#section-4.1.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.1-3">Decoders SHOULD reject a file with version &lt;= 1 &amp;&amp; ConfigurationRecordIsPresent == 1.<a href="#section-4.1.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.1-4">Decoders SHOULD reject a file with version &gt;= 3 &amp;&amp; ConfigurationRecordIsPresent == 0.<a href="#section-4.1.1-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-5">
<caption><a href="#table-5">Table 5</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">version</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FFV1 version 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FFV1 version 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FFV1 version 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved for future use</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p id="section-4.1.1-6">* Version 2 was never enabled in the encoder thus version 2 files SHOULD NOT exist, and this document does not describe them to keep the text simpler.<a href="#section-4.1.1-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="micro-version">
<section id="section-4.1.2"><h4 id="name-micro_version">
<a href="#section-4.1.2" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.2. </a><a href="#name-micro_version" class="section-name selfRef">micro_version</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.2-1"><code>micro_version</code> specifies the micro-version of the FFV1 bitstream.<a href="#section-4.1.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.2-2">After a version is considered stable (a micro-version value is assigned to be the first stable variant of a specific version), each new micro-version after this first stable variant is compatible with the previous micro-version: decoders SHOULD NOT reject a file due to an unknown micro-version equal or above the micro-version considered as stable.<a href="#section-4.1.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.2-3">Meaning of micro_version for version 3:<a href="#section-4.1.2-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-6">
<caption><a href="#table-6">Table 6</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">micro_version</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0...3</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">first stable variant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved for future use</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p id="section-4.1.2-5">* development versions may be incompatible with the stable variants.<a href="#section-4.1.2-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="coder-type">
<section id="section-4.1.3"><h4 id="name-coder_type">
<a href="#section-4.1.3" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.3. </a><a href="#name-coder_type" class="section-name selfRef">coder_type</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.3-1"><code>coder_type</code> specifies the coder used.<a href="#section-4.1.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-7">
<caption><a href="#table-7">Table 7</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">coder used</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Golomb Rice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Range Coder with default state transition table</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Range Coder with custom state transition table</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved for future use</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="state-transition-delta">
<section id="section-4.1.4"><h4 id="name-state_transition_delta">
<a href="#section-4.1.4" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.4. </a><a href="#name-state_transition_delta" class="section-name selfRef">state_transition_delta</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.4-1"><code>state_transition_delta</code> specifies the Range coder custom state transition table.<a href="#section-4.1.4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.4-2">If state<em>transition</em>delta is not present in the FFV1 bitstream, all Range coder custom state transition table elements are assumed to be 0.<a href="#section-4.1.4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="colorspace-type">
<section id="section-4.1.5"><h4 id="name-colorspace_type">
<a href="#section-4.1.5" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.5. </a><a href="#name-colorspace_type" class="section-name selfRef">colorspace_type</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.5-1"><code>colorspace_type</code> specifies the color space losslessly encoded, the Pixel transformation used by the encoder, as well as interleave method.<a href="#section-4.1.5-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-8">
<caption><a href="#table-8">Table 8</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">color space losslessly encoded</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">transformation</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">interleave method</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">YCbCr</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No Pixel transformation</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<code>Plane</code> then <code>Line</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RGB</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">JPEG2000-RCT</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<code>Line</code> then <code>Plane</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved for future use</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved for future use</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved for future use</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p id="section-4.1.5-3">Restrictions: If <code>colorspace_type</code> is 1, then <code>chroma_planes</code> MUST be 1, <code>log2_h_chroma_subsample</code> MUST be 0, and <code>log2_v_chroma_subsample</code> MUST be 0.<a href="#section-4.1.5-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="chroma-planes">
<section id="section-4.1.6"><h4 id="name-chroma_planes">
<a href="#section-4.1.6" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.6. </a><a href="#name-chroma_planes" class="section-name selfRef">chroma_planes</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.6-1"><code>chroma_planes</code> indicates if chroma (color) <code>Planes</code> are present.<a href="#section-4.1.6-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-9">
<caption><a href="#table-9">Table 9</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">presence</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">chroma <code>Planes</code> are not present</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">chroma <code>Planes</code> are present</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="bits-per-raw-sample">
<section id="section-4.1.7"><h4 id="name-bits_per_raw_sample">
<a href="#section-4.1.7" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.7. </a><a href="#name-bits_per_raw_sample" class="section-name selfRef">bits_per_raw_sample</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.7-1"><code>bits_per_raw_sample</code> indicates the number of bits for each <code>Sample</code>. Inferred to be 8 if not present.<a href="#section-4.1.7-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-10">
<caption><a href="#table-10">Table 10</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">bits for each sample</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">the actual bits for each <code>Sample</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p id="section-4.1.7-3">* Encoders MUST NOT store bits<em>per</em>raw<em>sample = 0
Decoders SHOULD accept and interpret bits</em>per<em>raw</em>sample = 0 as 8.<a href="#section-4.1.7-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="log2-h-chroma-subsample">
<section id="section-4.1.8"><h4 id="name-log2_h_chroma_subsample">
<a href="#section-4.1.8" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.8. </a><a href="#name-log2_h_chroma_subsample" class="section-name selfRef">log2_h_chroma_subsample</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.8-1"><code>log2_h_chroma_subsample</code> indicates the subsample factor, stored in powers to which the number 2 must be raised, between luma and chroma width (<code>chroma_width = 2^-log2_h_chroma_subsample^ * luma_width</code>).<a href="#section-4.1.8-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="log2-v-chroma-subsample">
<section id="section-4.1.9"><h4 id="name-log2_v_chroma_subsample">
<a href="#section-4.1.9" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.9. </a><a href="#name-log2_v_chroma_subsample" class="section-name selfRef">log2_v_chroma_subsample</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.9-1"><code>log2_v_chroma_subsample</code> indicates the subsample factor, stored in powers to which the number 2 must be raised, between luma and chroma height (<code>chroma_height=2^-log2_v_chroma_subsample^ * luma_height</code>).<a href="#section-4.1.9-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="alpha-plane">
<section id="section-4.1.10"><h4 id="name-alpha_plane">
<a href="#section-4.1.10" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.10. </a><a href="#name-alpha_plane" class="section-name selfRef">alpha_plane</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.10-1"><code>alpha_plane</code> indicates if a transparency <code>Plane</code> is present.<a href="#section-4.1.10-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-11">
<caption><a href="#table-11">Table 11</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">presence</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">transparency <code>Plane</code> is not present</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">transparency <code>Plane</code> is present</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="num-h-slices">
<section id="section-4.1.11"><h4 id="name-num_h_slices">
<a href="#section-4.1.11" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.11. </a><a href="#name-num_h_slices" class="section-name selfRef">num_h_slices</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.11-1"><code>num_h_slices</code> indicates the number of horizontal elements of the slice raster.<a href="#section-4.1.11-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.11-2">Inferred to be 1 if not present.<a href="#section-4.1.11-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="num-v-slices">
<section id="section-4.1.12"><h4 id="name-num_v_slices">
<a href="#section-4.1.12" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.12. </a><a href="#name-num_v_slices" class="section-name selfRef">num_v_slices</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.12-1"><code>num_v_slices</code> indicates the number of vertical elements of the slice raster.<a href="#section-4.1.12-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.12-2">Inferred to be 1 if not present.<a href="#section-4.1.12-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="quant-table-set-count">
<section id="section-4.1.13"><h4 id="name-quant_table_set_count">
<a href="#section-4.1.13" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.13. </a><a href="#name-quant_table_set_count" class="section-name selfRef">quant_table_set_count</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.13-1"><code>quant_table_set_count</code> indicates the number of Quantization Table Sets.<a href="#section-4.1.13-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.13-2">Inferred to be 1 if not present.<a href="#section-4.1.13-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.13-3">MUST NOT be 0.<a href="#section-4.1.13-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="states-coded">
<section id="section-4.1.14"><h4 id="name-states_coded">
<a href="#section-4.1.14" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.14. </a><a href="#name-states_coded" class="section-name selfRef">states_coded</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.14-1"><code>states_coded</code> indicates if the respective Quantization Table Set has the initial states coded.<a href="#section-4.1.14-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.14-2">Inferred to be 0 if not present.<a href="#section-4.1.14-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-12">
<caption><a href="#table-12">Table 12</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">initial states</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">initial states are not present and are assumed to be all 128</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">initial states are present</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="initial-state-delta">
<section id="section-4.1.15"><h4 id="name-initial_state_delta">
<a href="#section-4.1.15" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.15. </a><a href="#name-initial_state_delta" class="section-name selfRef">initial_state_delta</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.15-1"><code>initial_state_delta[ i ][ j ][ k ]</code> indicates the initial Range coder state, it is encoded using <code>k</code> as context index and<a href="#section-4.1.15-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-svg alignLeft" id="section-4.1.15-2">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="207pt" height="13pt" viewBox="0 0 207 13" version="1.1">
<defs>
<g>
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<use xlink:href="#initialstatedelta2.svg-glyph0-11" x="306.607695" y="9.753"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#initialstatedelta2.svg-glyph0-10" x="314.082086" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#initialstatedelta2.svg-glyph0-9" x="317.3339" y="9.753"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#initialstatedelta2.svg-glyph0-12" x="324.495065" y="9.753"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#initialstatedelta2.svg-glyph0-10" x="334.570908" y="9.753"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#initialstatedelta2.svg-glyph0-19" x="341.720117" y="9.753"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#initialstatedelta2.svg-glyph0-20" x="350.182008" y="9.753"></use></g><g style="fill:rgb(0%,0%,0%);fill-opacity:1;">
<use xlink:href="#initialstatedelta2.svg-glyph0-21" x="363.184483" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#initialstatedelta2.svg-glyph0-22" x="369.037749" y="9.753"></use><use xlink:href="#initialstatedelta2.svg-glyph0-22" x="374.891015" y="9.753"></use></g></g></svg><a href="#section-4.1.15-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="ec">
<section id="section-4.1.16"><h4 id="name-ec">
<a href="#section-4.1.16" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.16. </a><a href="#name-ec" class="section-name selfRef">ec</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.16-1"><code>ec</code> indicates the error detection/correction type.<a href="#section-4.1.16-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-13">
<caption><a href="#table-13">Table 13</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">error detection/correction type</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32-bit CRC on the global header</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32-bit CRC per slice and the global header</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved for future use</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="intra">
<section id="section-4.1.17"><h4 id="name-intra">
<a href="#section-4.1.17" class="section-number selfRef">4.1.17. </a><a href="#name-intra" class="section-name selfRef">intra</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.1.17-1"><code>intra</code> indicates the relationship between the instances of <code>Frame</code>.<a href="#section-4.1.17-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.1.17-2">Inferred to be 0 if not present.<a href="#section-4.1.17-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-14">
<caption><a href="#table-14">Table 14</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">relationship</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frames are independent or dependent (keyframes and non keyframes)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frames are independent (keyframes only)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved for future use</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="configuration-record">
<section id="section-4.2"><h3 id="name-configuration-record">
<a href="#section-4.2" class="section-number selfRef">4.2. </a><a href="#name-configuration-record" class="section-name selfRef">Configuration Record</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.2-1">In the case of a FFV1 bitstream with <code>version &gt;= 3</code>, a <code>Configuration Record</code> is stored in the underlying <code>Container</code>, at the track header level. It contains the <code>Parameters</code> used for all instances of <code>Frame</code>. The size of the <code>Configuration Record</code>, <code>NumBytes</code>, is supplied by the underlying <code>Container</code>.<a href="#section-4.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-4.2-2">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
ConfigurationRecord( NumBytes ) { |
ConfigurationRecordIsPresent = 1 |
Parameters( ) |
while( remaining_bits_in_bitstream( NumBytes ) &gt; 32 ) |
reserved_for_future_use | u(1)
configuration_record_crc_parity | u(32)
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-4.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<div id="reserved-for-future-use">
<section id="section-4.2.1"><h4 id="name-reserved_for_future_use">
<a href="#section-4.2.1" class="section-number selfRef">4.2.1. </a><a href="#name-reserved_for_future_use" class="section-name selfRef">reserved_for_future_use</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.2.1-1"><code>reserved_for_future_use</code> has semantics that are reserved for future use.<a href="#section-4.2.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.2.1-2">Encoders conforming to this version of this specification SHALL NOT write this value.<a href="#section-4.2.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.2.1-3">Decoders conforming to this version of this specification SHALL ignore its value.<a href="#section-4.2.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="configuration-record-crc-parity">
<section id="section-4.2.2"><h4 id="name-configuration_record_crc_pa">
<a href="#section-4.2.2" class="section-number selfRef">4.2.2. </a><a href="#name-configuration_record_crc_pa" class="section-name selfRef">configuration_record_crc_parity</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.2.2-1"><code>configuration_record_crc_parity</code> 32 bits that are chosen so that the <code>Configuration Record</code> as a whole has a crc remainder of 0.<a href="#section-4.2.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.2.2-2">This is equivalent to storing the crc remainder in the 32-bit parity.<a href="#section-4.2.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.2.2-3">The CRC generator polynomial used is the standard IEEE CRC polynomial (0x104C11DB7) with initial value 0.<a href="#section-4.2.2-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="mapping-ffv1-into-containers">
<section id="section-4.2.3"><h4 id="name-mapping-ffv1-into-container">
<a href="#section-4.2.3" class="section-number selfRef">4.2.3. </a><a href="#name-mapping-ffv1-into-container" class="section-name selfRef">Mapping FFV1 into Containers</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.2.3-1">This <code>Configuration Record</code> can be placed in any file format supporting <code>Configuration Records</code>, fitting as much as possible with how the file format uses to store <code>Configuration Records</code>. The <code>Configuration Record</code> storage place and <code>NumBytes</code> are currently defined and supported by this version of this specification for the following formats:<a href="#section-4.2.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="avi-file-format">
<section id="section-4.2.3.1"><h5 id="name-avi-file-format">
<a href="#section-4.2.3.1" class="section-number selfRef">4.2.3.1. </a><a href="#name-avi-file-format" class="section-name selfRef">AVI File Format</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-4.2.3.1-1">The <code>Configuration Record</code> extends the stream format chunk ("AVI ", "hdlr", "strl", "strf") with the ConfigurationRecord bitstream.<a href="#section-4.2.3.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.2.3.1-2">See <span>[<a href="#AVI" class="xref">AVI</a>] for more information about chunks.</span><a href="#section-4.2.3.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.2.3.1-3"><code>NumBytes</code> is defined as the size, in bytes, of the strf chunk indicated in the chunk header minus the size of the stream format structure.<a href="#section-4.2.3.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="iso-base-media-file-format">
<section id="section-4.2.3.2"><h5 id="name-iso-base-media-file-format">
<a href="#section-4.2.3.2" class="section-number selfRef">4.2.3.2. </a><a href="#name-iso-base-media-file-format" class="section-name selfRef">ISO Base Media File Format</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-4.2.3.2-1">The <code>Configuration Record</code> extends the sample description box ("moov", "trak", "mdia", "minf", "stbl", "stsd") with a "glbl" box that contains the ConfigurationRecord bitstream. See <span>[<a href="#ISO.14496-12.2015" class="xref">ISO.14496-12.2015</a>] for more information about boxes.</span><a href="#section-4.2.3.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.2.3.2-2"><code>NumBytes</code> is defined as the size, in bytes, of the "glbl" box indicated in the box header minus the size of the box header.<a href="#section-4.2.3.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="nut-file-format">
<section id="section-4.2.3.3"><h5 id="name-nut-file-format">
<a href="#section-4.2.3.3" class="section-number selfRef">4.2.3.3. </a><a href="#name-nut-file-format" class="section-name selfRef">NUT File Format</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-4.2.3.3-1">The codec_specific_data element (in "stream_header" packet) contains the ConfigurationRecord bitstream. See <span>[<a href="#NUT" class="xref">NUT</a>] for more information about elements.</span><a href="#section-4.2.3.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.2.3.3-2"><code>NumBytes</code> is defined as the size, in bytes, of the codec_specific_data element as indicated in the "length" field of codec_specific_data<a href="#section-4.2.3.3-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="matroska-file-format">
<section id="section-4.2.3.4"><h5 id="name-matroska-file-format">
<a href="#section-4.2.3.4" class="section-number selfRef">4.2.3.4. </a><a href="#name-matroska-file-format" class="section-name selfRef">Matroska File Format</a>
</h5>
<p id="section-4.2.3.4-1">FFV1 SHOULD use <code>V_FFV1</code> as the Matroska <code>Codec ID</code>. For FFV1 versions 2 or less, the Matroska <code>CodecPrivate</code> Element SHOULD NOT be used. For FFV1 versions 3 or greater, the Matroska <code>CodecPrivate</code> Element MUST contain the FFV1 <code>Configuration Record</code> structure and no other data. See <span>[<a href="#Matroska" class="xref">Matroska</a>] for more information about elements.</span><a href="#section-4.2.3.4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.2.3.4-2"><code>NumBytes</code> is defined as the <code>Element Data Size</code> of the <code>CodecPrivate</code> Element.<a href="#section-4.2.3.4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="frame">
<section id="section-4.3"><h3 id="name-frame">
<a href="#section-4.3" class="section-number selfRef">4.3. </a><a href="#name-frame" class="section-name selfRef">Frame</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.3-1">A <code>Frame</code> is an encoded representation of a complete static image. The whole <code>Frame</code> is provided by the underlaying container.<a href="#section-4.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.3-2">A <code>Frame</code> consists of the keyframe field, <code>Parameters</code> (if version &lt;=1), and a sequence of independent slices. The pseudo-code below describes the contents of a <code>Frame</code>.<a href="#section-4.3-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-4.3-3">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
Frame( NumBytes ) { |
keyframe | br
if (keyframe &amp;&amp; !ConfigurationRecordIsPresent |
Parameters( ) |
while ( remaining_bits_in_bitstream( NumBytes ) ) |
Slice( ) |
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-4.3-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-4.3-4">Architecture overview of slices in a <code>Frame</code>:<a href="#section-4.3-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-15">
<caption><a href="#table-15">Table 15</a></caption>
<thead><tr><th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">first slice header</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">first slice content</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">first slice footer</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">---------------------------------------------------------------</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">second slice header</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">second slice content</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">second slice footer</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">---------------------------------------------------------------</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">...</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">---------------------------------------------------------------</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">last slice header</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">last slice content</td></tr>
<tr><td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">last slice footer</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice">
<section id="section-4.4"><h3 id="name-slice">
<a href="#section-4.4" class="section-number selfRef">4.4. </a><a href="#name-slice" class="section-name selfRef">Slice</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.4-1">A <code>Slice</code> is an independent spatial sub-section of a <code>Frame</code> that is encoded separately from an other region of the same <code>Frame</code>. The use of more than one <code>Slice</code> per <code>Frame</code> can be useful for taking advantage of the opportunities of multithreaded encoding and decoding.<a href="#section-4.4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.4-2">A <code>Slice</code> consists of a <code>Slice Header</code> (when relevant), a <code>Slice Content</code>, and a <code>Slice Footer</code> (when relevant). The pseudo-code below describes the contents of a <code>Slice</code>.<a href="#section-4.4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-4.4-3">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
Slice( ) { |
if (version &gt;= 3) |
SliceHeader( ) |
SliceContent( ) |
if (coder_type == 0) |
while (!byte_aligned()) |
padding | u(1)
if (version &lt;= 1) { |
while (remaining_bits_in_bitstream( NumBytes ) != 0 ) |
reserved | u(1)
} |
if (version &gt;= 3) |
SliceFooter( ) |
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-4.4-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-4.4-4"><code>padding</code> specifies a bit without any significance and used only for byte alignment.
MUST be 0.<a href="#section-4.4-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.4-5"><code>reserved</code> specifies a bit without any significance in this revision of the specification and may have a significance in a later revision of this specification.<a href="#section-4.4-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.4-6">Encoders SHOULD NOT fill these bits.<a href="#section-4.4-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.4-7">Decoders SHOULD ignore these bits.<a href="#section-4.4-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.4-8">Note in case these bits are used in a later revision of this specification: any revision of this specification SHOULD care about avoiding to add 40 bits of content after <code>SliceContent</code> for version 0 and 1 of the bitstream. Background: due to some non conforming encoders, some bitstreams where found with 40 extra bits corresponding to <code>error_status</code> and <code>slice_crc_parity</code>, a decoder conforming to the revised specification could not do the difference between a revised bitstream and a buggy bitstream.<a href="#section-4.4-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-header">
<section id="section-4.5"><h3 id="name-slice-header">
<a href="#section-4.5" class="section-number selfRef">4.5. </a><a href="#name-slice-header" class="section-name selfRef">Slice Header</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.5-1">A <code>Slice Header</code> provides information about the decoding configuration of the <code>Slice</code>, such as its spatial position, size, and aspect ratio. The pseudo-code below describes the contents of the <code>Slice Header</code>.<a href="#section-4.5-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-4.5-2">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
SliceHeader( ) { |
slice_x | ur
slice_y | ur
slice_width - 1 | ur
slice_height - 1 | ur
for( i = 0; i &lt; quant_table_set_index_count; i++ ) |
quant_table_set_index [ i ] | ur
picture_structure | ur
sar_num | ur
sar_den | ur
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-4.5-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<div id="slice-x">
<section id="section-4.5.1"><h4 id="name-slice_x">
<a href="#section-4.5.1" class="section-number selfRef">4.5.1. </a><a href="#name-slice_x" class="section-name selfRef">slice_x</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.5.1-1"><code>slice_x</code> indicates the x position on the slice raster formed by num<em>h</em>slices.<a href="#section-4.5.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.1-2">Inferred to be 0 if not present.<a href="#section-4.5.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-y">
<section id="section-4.5.2"><h4 id="name-slice_y">
<a href="#section-4.5.2" class="section-number selfRef">4.5.2. </a><a href="#name-slice_y" class="section-name selfRef">slice_y</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.5.2-1"><code>slice_y</code> indicates the y position on the slice raster formed by num<em>v</em>slices.<a href="#section-4.5.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.2-2">Inferred to be 0 if not present.<a href="#section-4.5.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-width">
<section id="section-4.5.3"><h4 id="name-slice_width">
<a href="#section-4.5.3" class="section-number selfRef">4.5.3. </a><a href="#name-slice_width" class="section-name selfRef">slice_width</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.5.3-1"><code>slice_width</code> indicates the width on the slice raster formed by num<em>h</em>slices.<a href="#section-4.5.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.3-2">Inferred to be 1 if not present.<a href="#section-4.5.3-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-height">
<section id="section-4.5.4"><h4 id="name-slice_height">
<a href="#section-4.5.4" class="section-number selfRef">4.5.4. </a><a href="#name-slice_height" class="section-name selfRef">slice_height</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.5.4-1"><code>slice_height</code> indicates the height on the slice raster formed by num<em>v</em>slices.<a href="#section-4.5.4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.4-2">Inferred to be 1 if not present.<a href="#section-4.5.4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="quant-table-set-index-count">
<section id="section-4.5.5"><h4 id="name-quant_table_set_index_count">
<a href="#section-4.5.5" class="section-number selfRef">4.5.5. </a><a href="#name-quant_table_set_index_count" class="section-name selfRef">quant_table_set_index_count</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.5.5-1"><code>quant_table_set_index_count</code> is defined as <code>1 + ( ( chroma_planes || version \&lt;= 3 ) ? 1 : 0 ) + ( alpha_plane ? 1 : 0 )</code>.<a href="#section-4.5.5-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="quant-table-set-index">
<section id="section-4.5.6"><h4 id="name-quant_table_set_index">
<a href="#section-4.5.6" class="section-number selfRef">4.5.6. </a><a href="#name-quant_table_set_index" class="section-name selfRef">quant_table_set_index</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.5.6-1"><code>quant_table_set_index</code> indicates the Quantization Table Set index to select the Quantization Table Set and the initial states for the slice.<a href="#section-4.5.6-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.6-2">Inferred to be 0 if not present.<a href="#section-4.5.6-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="picture-structure">
<section id="section-4.5.7"><h4 id="name-picture_structure">
<a href="#section-4.5.7" class="section-number selfRef">4.5.7. </a><a href="#name-picture_structure" class="section-name selfRef">picture_structure</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.5.7-1"><code>picture_structure</code> specifies the temporal and spatial relationship of each <code>Line</code> of the <code>Frame</code>.<a href="#section-4.5.7-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.7-2">Inferred to be 0 if not present.<a href="#section-4.5.7-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-16">
<caption><a href="#table-16">Table 16</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">picture structure used</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">top field first</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">bottom field first</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">progressive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved for future use</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="sar-num">
<section id="section-4.5.8"><h4 id="name-sar_num">
<a href="#section-4.5.8" class="section-number selfRef">4.5.8. </a><a href="#name-sar_num" class="section-name selfRef">sar_num</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.5.8-1"><code>sar_num</code> specifies the <code>Sample</code> aspect ratio numerator.<a href="#section-4.5.8-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.8-2">Inferred to be 0 if not present.<a href="#section-4.5.8-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.8-3">A value of 0 means that aspect ratio is unknown.<a href="#section-4.5.8-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.8-4">Encoders MUST write 0 if <code>Sample</code> aspect ratio is unknown.<a href="#section-4.5.8-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.8-5">If <code>sar_den</code> is 0, decoders SHOULD ignore the encoded value and consider that <code>sar_num</code> is 0.<a href="#section-4.5.8-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="sar-den">
<section id="section-4.5.9"><h4 id="name-sar_den">
<a href="#section-4.5.9" class="section-number selfRef">4.5.9. </a><a href="#name-sar_den" class="section-name selfRef">sar_den</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.5.9-1"><code>sar_den</code> specifies the <code>Sample</code> aspect ratio denominator.<a href="#section-4.5.9-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.9-2">Inferred to be 0 if not present.<a href="#section-4.5.9-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.9-3">A value of 0 means that aspect ratio is unknown.<a href="#section-4.5.9-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.9-4">Encoders MUST write 0 if <code>Sample</code> aspect ratio is unknown.<a href="#section-4.5.9-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.5.9-5">If <code>sar_num</code> is 0, decoders SHOULD ignore the encoded value and consider that <code>sar_den</code> is 0.<a href="#section-4.5.9-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-content">
<section id="section-4.6"><h3 id="name-slice-content">
<a href="#section-4.6" class="section-number selfRef">4.6. </a><a href="#name-slice-content" class="section-name selfRef">Slice Content</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.6-1">A <code>Slice Content</code> contains all <code>Line</code> elements part of the <code>Slice</code>.<a href="#section-4.6-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.6-2">Depending on the configuration, <code>Line</code> elements are ordered by <code>Plane</code> then by row (YCbCr) or by row then by <code>Plane</code> (RGB).<a href="#section-4.6-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-4.6-3">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
SliceContent( ) { |
if (colorspace_type == 0) { |
for( p = 0; p &lt; primary_color_count; p++ ) |
for( y = 0; y &lt; plane_pixel_height[ p ]; y++ ) |
Line( p, y ) |
} else if (colorspace_type == 1) { |
for( y = 0; y &lt; slice_pixel_height; y++ ) |
for( p = 0; p &lt; primary_color_count; p++ ) |
Line( p, y ) |
} |
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-4.6-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<div id="primary-color-count">
<section id="section-4.6.1"><h4 id="name-primary_color_count">
<a href="#section-4.6.1" class="section-number selfRef">4.6.1. </a><a href="#name-primary_color_count" class="section-name selfRef">primary_color_count</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.6.1-1"><code>primary_color_count</code> is defined as <code>1 + ( chroma_planes ? 2 : 0 ) + ( alpha_plane ? 1 : 0 )</code>.<a href="#section-4.6.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="plane-pixel-height">
<section id="section-4.6.2"><h4 id="name-plane_pixel_height">
<a href="#section-4.6.2" class="section-number selfRef">4.6.2. </a><a href="#name-plane_pixel_height" class="section-name selfRef">plane_pixel_height</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.6.2-1"><code>plane_pixel_height[ p ]</code> is the height in pixels of plane p of the slice.<a href="#section-4.6.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.6.2-2"><code>plane_pixel_height[ 0 ]</code> and <code>plane_pixel_height[ 1 + ( chroma_planes ? 2 : 0 ) ]</code> value is <code>slice_pixel_height</code>.<a href="#section-4.6.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.6.2-3">If <code>chroma_planes</code> is set to 1, <code>plane_pixel_height[ 1 ]</code> and <code>plane_pixel_height[ 2 ]</code> value is <code>⌈slice_pixel_height / log2_v_chroma_subsample⌉</code>.<a href="#section-4.6.2-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-pixel-height">
<section id="section-4.6.3"><h4 id="name-slice_pixel_height">
<a href="#section-4.6.3" class="section-number selfRef">4.6.3. </a><a href="#name-slice_pixel_height" class="section-name selfRef">slice_pixel_height</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.6.3-1"><code>slice_pixel_height</code> is the height in pixels of the slice.<a href="#section-4.6.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.6.3-2">Its value is <code>⌊( slice_y + slice_height ) * slice_pixel_height / num_v_slices⌋ - slice_pixel_y</code>.<a href="#section-4.6.3-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-pixel-y">
<section id="section-4.6.4"><h4 id="name-slice_pixel_y">
<a href="#section-4.6.4" class="section-number selfRef">4.6.4. </a><a href="#name-slice_pixel_y" class="section-name selfRef">slice_pixel_y</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.6.4-1"><code>slice_pixel_y</code> is the slice vertical position in pixels.<a href="#section-4.6.4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.6.4-2">Its value is <code>⌊slice_y * frame_pixel_height / num_v_slices⌋</code>.<a href="#section-4.6.4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="line">
<section id="section-4.7"><h3 id="name-line">
<a href="#section-4.7" class="section-number selfRef">4.7. </a><a href="#name-line" class="section-name selfRef">Line</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.7-1">A <code>Line</code> is a list of the sample differences (relative to the predictor) of primary color components. The pseudo-code below describes the contents of the <code>Line</code>.<a href="#section-4.7-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-4.7-2">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
Line( p, y ) { |
if (colorspace_type == 0) { |
for( x = 0; x &lt; plane_pixel_width[ p ]; x++ ) |
sample_difference[ p ][ y ][ x ] |
} else if (colorspace_type == 1) { |
for( x = 0; x &lt; slice_pixel_width; x++ ) |
sample_difference[ p ][ y ][ x ] |
} |
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-4.7-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<div id="plane-pixel-width">
<section id="section-4.7.1"><h4 id="name-plane_pixel_width">
<a href="#section-4.7.1" class="section-number selfRef">4.7.1. </a><a href="#name-plane_pixel_width" class="section-name selfRef">plane_pixel_width</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.7.1-1"><code>plane_pixel_width[ p ]</code> is the width in <code>Pixels</code> of <code>Plane</code> p of the slice.<a href="#section-4.7.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.7.1-2"><code>plane_pixel_width[ 0 ]</code> and <code>plane_pixel_width[ 1 + ( chroma_planes ? 2 : 0 ) ]</code> value is <code>slice_pixel_width</code>.<a href="#section-4.7.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.7.1-3">If <code>chroma_planes</code> is set to 1, <code>plane_pixel_width[ 1 ]</code> and <code>plane_pixel_width[ 2 ]</code> value is <code>⌈slice_pixel_width / (1 &lt;&lt; log2_h_chroma_subsample)⌉</code>.<a href="#section-4.7.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-pixel-width">
<section id="section-4.7.2"><h4 id="name-slice_pixel_width">
<a href="#section-4.7.2" class="section-number selfRef">4.7.2. </a><a href="#name-slice_pixel_width" class="section-name selfRef">slice_pixel_width</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.7.2-1"><code>slice_pixel_width</code> is the width in <code>Pixels</code> of the slice.<a href="#section-4.7.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.7.2-2">Its value is <code>⌊( slice_x + slice_width ) * slice_pixel_width / num_h_slices⌋ - slice_pixel_x</code>.<a href="#section-4.7.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-pixel-x">
<section id="section-4.7.3"><h4 id="name-slice_pixel_x">
<a href="#section-4.7.3" class="section-number selfRef">4.7.3. </a><a href="#name-slice_pixel_x" class="section-name selfRef">slice_pixel_x</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.7.3-1"><code>slice_pixel_x</code> is the slice horizontal position in <code>Pixels</code>.<a href="#section-4.7.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.7.3-2">Its value is <code>⌊slice_x * frame_pixel_width / num_h_slices⌋</code>.<a href="#section-4.7.3-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="sample-difference">
<section id="section-4.7.4"><h4 id="name-sample_difference">
<a href="#section-4.7.4" class="section-number selfRef">4.7.4. </a><a href="#name-sample_difference" class="section-name selfRef">sample_difference</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.7.4-1"><code>sample_difference[ p ][ y ][ x ]</code> is the sample difference for <code>Sample</code> at <code>Plane</code> <code>p</code>, y position <code>y</code>, and x position <code>x</code>. The <code>Sample</code> value is computed based on median predictor and context described in <a href="#samples">the section on Samples</a>.<a href="#section-4.7.4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-footer">
<section id="section-4.8"><h3 id="name-slice-footer">
<a href="#section-4.8" class="section-number selfRef">4.8. </a><a href="#name-slice-footer" class="section-name selfRef">Slice Footer</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.8-1">A <code>Slice Footer</code> provides information about slice size and (optionally) parity. The pseudo-code below describes the contents of the <code>Slice Header</code>.<a href="#section-4.8-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.8-2">Note: <code>Slice Footer</code> is always byte aligned.<a href="#section-4.8-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-4.8-3">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
SliceFooter( ) { |
slice_size | u(24)
if (ec) { |
error_status | u(8)
slice_crc_parity | u(32)
} |
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-4.8-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<div id="slice-size">
<section id="section-4.8.1"><h4 id="name-slice_size">
<a href="#section-4.8.1" class="section-number selfRef">4.8.1. </a><a href="#name-slice_size" class="section-name selfRef">slice_size</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.8.1-1"><code>slice_size</code> indicates the size of the slice in bytes.<a href="#section-4.8.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.8.1-2">Note: this allows finding the start of slices before previous slices have been fully decoded, and allows parallel decoding as well as error resilience.<a href="#section-4.8.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="error-status">
<section id="section-4.8.2"><h4 id="name-error_status">
<a href="#section-4.8.2" class="section-number selfRef">4.8.2. </a><a href="#name-error_status" class="section-name selfRef">error_status</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.8.2-1"><code>error_status</code> specifies the error status.<a href="#section-4.8.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<table id="table-17">
<caption><a href="#table-17">Table 17</a></caption>
<thead><tr>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">value</th>
<th class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">error status</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no error</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">slice contains a correctable error</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">slice contains a uncorrectable error</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other</td>
<td class="text-left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">reserved for future use</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</div>
<div id="slice-crc-parity">
<section id="section-4.8.3"><h4 id="name-slice_crc_parity">
<a href="#section-4.8.3" class="section-number selfRef">4.8.3. </a><a href="#name-slice_crc_parity" class="section-name selfRef">slice_crc_parity</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.8.3-1"><code>slice_crc_parity</code> 32 bits that are chosen so that the slice as a whole has a crc remainder of 0.<a href="#section-4.8.3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.8.3-2">This is equivalent to storing the crc remainder in the 32-bit parity.<a href="#section-4.8.3-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.8.3-3">The CRC generator polynomial used is the standard IEEE CRC polynomial (0x104C11DB7) with initial value 0.<a href="#section-4.8.3-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="quantization-table-set">
<section id="section-4.9"><h3 id="name-quantization-table-set">
<a href="#section-4.9" class="section-number selfRef">4.9. </a><a href="#name-quantization-table-set" class="section-name selfRef">Quantization Table Set</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.9-1">The Quantization Table Sets are stored by storing the number of equal entries -1 of the first half of the table (represented as <code>len - 1</code> in the pseudo-code below) using the method described in <a href="#range-non-binary-values">Range Non Binary Values</a>. The second half doesn’t need to be stored as it is identical to the first with flipped sign. <code>scale</code> and <code>len_count[ i ][ j ]</code> are temporary values used for the computing of <code>context_count[ i ]</code> and are not used outside Quantization Table Set pseudo-code.<a href="#section-4.9-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.9-2">example:<a href="#section-4.9-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.9-3">Table: 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 0<a href="#section-4.9-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4.9-4">Stored values: 1, 3, 1<a href="#section-4.9-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-4.9-5">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
QuantizationTableSet( i ) { |
scale = 1 |
for( j = 0; j &lt; MAX_CONTEXT_INPUTS; j++ ) { |
QuantizationTable( i, j, scale ) |
scale *= 2 * len_count[ i ][ j ] - 1 |
} |
context_count[ i ] = ⌈ scale / 2 ⌉ |
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-4.9-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-4.9-6">MAX_CONTEXT_INPUTS is 5.<a href="#section-4.9-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-4.9-7">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-c">pseudo-code | type
--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
QuantizationTable(i, j, scale) { |
v = 0 |
for( k = 0; k &lt; 128; ) { |
len - 1 | ur
for( a = 0; a &lt; len; a++ ) { |
quant_tables[ i ][ j ][ k ] = scale* v |
k++ |
} |
v++ |
} |
for( k = 1; k &lt; 128; k++ ) { |
quant_tables[ i ][ j ][ 256 - k ] = \ |
-quant_tables[ i ][ j ][ k ] |
} |
quant_tables[ i ][ j ][ 128 ] = \ |
-quant_tables[ i ][ j ][ 127 ] |
len_count[ i ][ j ] = v |
} |
</pre>
<a href="#section-4.9-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<div id="quant-tables">
<section id="section-4.9.1"><h4 id="name-quant_tables">
<a href="#section-4.9.1" class="section-number selfRef">4.9.1. </a><a href="#name-quant_tables" class="section-name selfRef">quant_tables</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.9.1-1"><code>quant_tables[ i ][ j ][ k ]</code> indicates the quantification table value of the Quantized Sample Difference <code>k</code> of the Quantization Table <code>j</code> of the Set Quantization Table Set <code>i</code>.<a href="#section-4.9.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="context-count">
<section id="section-4.9.2"><h4 id="name-context_count">
<a href="#section-4.9.2" class="section-number selfRef">4.9.2. </a><a href="#name-context_count" class="section-name selfRef">context_count</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-4.9.2-1"><code>context_count[ i ]</code> indicates the count of contexts for Quantization Table Set <code>i</code>.<a href="#section-4.9.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="restrictions">
<section id="section-5"><h2 id="name-restrictions">
<a href="#section-5" class="section-number selfRef">5. </a><a href="#name-restrictions" class="section-name selfRef">Restrictions</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-5-1">To ensure that fast multithreaded decoding is possible, starting version 3 and if frame_pixel_width * frame_pixel_height is more than 101376, slice_width * slice_height MUST be less or equal to num_h_slices * num_v_slices / 4.
Note: 101376 is the frame size in <code>Pixels</code> of a 352x288 frame also known as CIF ("Common Intermediate Format") frame size format.<a href="#section-5-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-5-2">For each <code>Frame</code>, each position in the slice raster MUST be filled by one and only one slice of the <code>Frame</code> (no missing slice position, no slice overlapping).<a href="#section-5-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-5-3">For each <code>Frame</code> with keyframe value of 0, each slice MUST have the same value of slice_x, slice_y, slice_width, slice_height as a slice in the previous <code>Frame</code>.<a href="#section-5-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="security-considerations">
<section id="section-6"><h2 id="name-security-considerations">
<a href="#section-6" class="section-number selfRef">6. </a><a href="#name-security-considerations" class="section-name selfRef">Security Considerations</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-6-1">Like any other codec, (such as <span>[<a href="#RFC6716" class="xref">RFC6716</a>]), FFV1 should not be used with insecure ciphers or cipher-modes that are vulnerable to known plaintext attacks. Some of the header bits as well as the padding are easily predictable.</span><a href="#section-6-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-6-2">Implementations of the FFV1 codec need to take appropriate security considerations into account, as outlined in <span>[<a href="#RFC4732" class="xref">RFC4732</a>]. It is extremely important for the decoder to be robust against malicious payloads. Malicious payloads must not cause the decoder to overrun its allocated memory or to take an excessive amount of resources to decode. Although problems in encoders are typically rarer, the same applies to the encoder. Malicious video streams must not cause the encoder to misbehave because this would allow an attacker to attack transcoding gateways. A frequent security problem in image and video codecs is also to not check for integer overflows in </span><code>Pixel</code> count computations, that is to allocate width * height without considering that the multiplication result may have overflowed the arithmetic types range.<a href="#section-6-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-6-3">The reference implementation <span>[<a href="#REFIMPL" class="xref">REFIMPL</a>] contains no known buffer overflow or cases where a specially crafted packet or video segment could cause a significant increase in CPU load.</span><a href="#section-6-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-6-4">The reference implementation <span>[<a href="#REFIMPL" class="xref">REFIMPL</a>] was validated in the following conditions:</span><a href="#section-6-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul>
<li id="section-6-5.1">
<p id="section-6-5.1.1">Sending the decoder valid packets generated by the reference encoder and verifying that the decoder's output matches the encoder's input.<a href="#section-6-5.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-6-5.2">
<p id="section-6-5.2.1">Sending the decoder packets generated by the reference encoder and then subjected to random corruption.<a href="#section-6-5.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li id="section-6-5.3">
<p id="section-6-5.3.1">Sending the decoder random packets that are not FFV1.<a href="#section-6-5.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p id="section-6-6">In all of the conditions above, the decoder and encoder was run inside the <span>[<a href="#VALGRIND" class="xref">VALGRIND</a>] memory debugger as well as clangs address sanitizer </span><span>[<a href="#Address-Sanitizer" class="xref">Address-Sanitizer</a>], which track reads and writes to invalid memory regions as well as the use of uninitialized memory. There were no errors reported on any of the tested conditions.</span><a href="#section-6-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="media-type-definition">
<section id="section-7"><h2 id="name-media-type-definition">
<a href="#section-7" class="section-number selfRef">7. </a><a href="#name-media-type-definition" class="section-name selfRef">Media Type Definition</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-7-1">This registration is done using the template defined in <span>[<a href="#RFC6838" class="xref">RFC6838</a>] and following </span><span>[<a href="#RFC4855" class="xref">RFC4855</a>].</span><a href="#section-7-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-2">Type name: video<a href="#section-7-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-3">Subtype name: FFV1<a href="#section-7-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-4">Required parameters: None.<a href="#section-7-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-5">Optional parameters:<a href="#section-7-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-6">This parameter is used to signal the capabilities of a receiver implementation. This parameter MUST NOT be used for any other purpose.<a href="#section-7-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-7">version: The version of the FFV1 encoding as defined by <a href="#version">in the section on version</a>.<a href="#section-7-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-8">micro<em>version: The micro</em>version of the FFV1 encoding as defined by <a href="#microversion">in the section on micro_version</a>.<a href="#section-7-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-9">coder<em>type: The coder</em>type of the FFV1 encoding as defined by <a href="#codertype">in the section on coder_type</a>.<a href="#section-7-9" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-10">colorspace<em>type: The colorspace</em>type of the FFV1 encoding as defined by <a href="#colorspacetype">in the section on colorspace_type</a>.<a href="#section-7-10" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-11">bits<em>per</em>raw<em>sample: The version of the FFV1 encoding as defined by [in the section on bits</em>per<em>raw</em>sample](#bits_per_raw_sample).<a href="#section-7-11" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-12">max-slices: The value of max-slices is an integer indicating the maximum count of slices with a frames of the FFV1 encoding.<a href="#section-7-12" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-13">Encoding considerations:<a href="#section-7-13" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-14">This media type is defined for encapsulation in several audiovisual container formats and contains binary data; see <a href="#mapping-ffv1-into-containers">the section on "Mapping FFV1 into Containers"</a>. This media type is framed binary data Section 4.8 of <span>[<a href="#RFC4288" class="xref">RFC4288</a>].</span><a href="#section-7-14" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-15">Security considerations:<a href="#section-7-15" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-16">See <a href="#security-considerations">the "Security Considerations" section</a> of this document.<a href="#section-7-16" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-17">Interoperability considerations: None.<a href="#section-7-17" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-18">Published specification:<a href="#section-7-18" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-19"><span>[<a href="#I-D.ietf-cellar-ffv1" class="xref">I-D.ietf-cellar-ffv1</a>] and RFC XXXX.</span><a href="#section-7-19" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-20">[RFC Editor: Upon publication as an RFC, please replace "XXXX" with the number assigned to this document and remove this note.]<a href="#section-7-20" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-21">Applications which use this media type:<a href="#section-7-21" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-22">Any application that requires the transport of lossless video can use this media type. Some examples are, but not limited to screen recording, scientific imaging, and digital video preservation.<a href="#section-7-22" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-23">Fragment identifier considerations: N/A.<a href="#section-7-23" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-24">Additional information: None.<a href="#section-7-24" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-25">Person &amp; email address to contact for further information: Michael Niedermayer <a href="mailto:michael@niedermayer.cc">michael@niedermayer.cc</a><a href="#section-7-25" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-26">Intended usage: COMMON<a href="#section-7-26" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-27">Restrictions on usage: None.<a href="#section-7-27" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-28">Author: Dave Rice <a href="mailto:dave@dericed.com">dave@dericed.com</a><a href="#section-7-28" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-7-29">Change controller: IETF cellar working group delegated from the IESG.<a href="#section-7-29" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="iana-considerations">
<section id="section-8"><h2 id="name-iana-considerations">
<a href="#section-8" class="section-number selfRef">8. </a><a href="#name-iana-considerations" class="section-name selfRef">IANA Considerations</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-8-1">The IANA is requested to register the following values:<a href="#section-8-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul><li id="section-8-2.1">
<p id="section-8-2.1.1">Media type registration as described in <a href="#media-type-definition">Media Type Definition</a>.<a href="#section-8-2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li></ul>
</section>
</div>
<div id="appendixes">
<section id="section-9"><h2 id="name-appendixes">
<a href="#section-9" class="section-number selfRef">9. </a><a href="#name-appendixes" class="section-name selfRef">Appendixes</a>
</h2>
<div id="decoder-implementation-suggestions">
<section id="section-9.1"><h3 id="name-decoder-implementation-sugg">
<a href="#section-9.1" class="section-number selfRef">9.1. </a><a href="#name-decoder-implementation-sugg" class="section-name selfRef">Decoder implementation suggestions</a>
</h3>
<div id="multi-threading-support-and-independence-of-slices">
<section id="section-9.1.1"><h4 id="name-multi-threading-support-and">
<a href="#section-9.1.1" class="section-number selfRef">9.1.1. </a><a href="#name-multi-threading-support-and" class="section-name selfRef">Multi-threading Support and Independence of Slices</a>
</h4>
<p id="section-9.1.1-1">The FFV1 bitstream is parsable in two ways: in sequential order as described in this document or with the pre-analysis of the footer of each slice. Each slice footer contains a slice_size field so the boundary of each slice is computable without having to parse the slice content. That allows multi-threading as well as independence of slice content (a bitstream error in a slice header or slice content has no impact on the decoding of the other slices).<a href="#section-9.1.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-9.1.1-2">After having checked keyframe field, a decoder SHOULD parse slice_size fields, from slice_size of the last slice at the end of the <code>Frame</code> up to slice_size of the first slice at the beginning of the <code>Frame</code>, before parsing slices, in order to have slices boundaries. A decoder MAY fallback on sequential order e.g. in case of a corrupted <code>Frame</code> (frame size unknown, slice_size of slices not coherent...) or if there is no possibility of seek into the stream.<a href="#section-9.1.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="changelog">
<section id="section-10"><h2 id="name-changelog">
<a href="#section-10" class="section-number selfRef">10. </a><a href="#name-changelog" class="section-name selfRef">Changelog</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-10-1">See <a href="https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFV1/commits/master">https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFV1/commits/master</a><a href="#section-10-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<section id="section-11"><h2 id="name-references"><a href="#name-references" class="section-name selfRef">References</a></h2>
<section id="section-11.1"><h3 id="name-normative-references"><a href="#name-normative-references" class="section-name selfRef">Normative References</a></h3>
<dl class="reference" id="I-D.ietf-cellar-ffv1">
<dt>[I-D.ietf-cellar-ffv1]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Niedermayer, M.</span><span class="refAuthor">, Rice, D.</span><span class="refAuthor">, and J. Martinez</span>, <span class="refTitle">"FFV1 Video Coding Format Version 0, 1, and 3"</span>, <span>Internet-Draftdraft-ietf-cellar-ffv1-06</span>, <time datetime="2018-10-18">18 October 2018</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-cellar-ffv1-06">https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-cellar-ffv1-06</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="ISO.15444-1.2016">
<dt>[ISO.15444-1.2016]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">International Organization for Standardization</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Information technology -- JPEG 2000 image coding system: Core coding system"</span>, <time datetime="2016-10">October 2016</time>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="ISO.9899.1990">
<dt>[ISO.9899.1990]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">International Organization for Standardization</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Programming languages - C"</span>, <span>ISOStandard 9899</span>, <time datetime="1990">1990</time>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="RFC2119">
<dt>[RFC2119]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Bradner, S.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels"</span>, <span>BCP14</span>, <span>RFC2119</span>, <span>DOI10.17487/RFC2119</span>, <time datetime="1997-03">March 1997</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="RFC4288">
<dt>[RFC4288]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Freed, N.</span><span class="refAuthor"> and J. Klensin</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures"</span>, <span>RFC4288</span>, <span>DOI10.17487/RFC4288</span>, <time datetime="2005-12">December 2005</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4288">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4288</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="RFC4732">
<dt>[RFC4732]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Handley, M., Ed.</span><span class="refAuthor">, Rescorla, E., Ed.</span><span class="refAuthor">, and IAB</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Internet Denial-of-Service Considerations"</span>, <span>RFC4732</span>, <span>DOI10.17487/RFC4732</span>, <time datetime="2006-12">December 2006</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4732">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4732</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="RFC4855">
<dt>[RFC4855]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Casner, S.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Media Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats"</span>, <span>RFC4855</span>, <span>DOI10.17487/RFC4855</span>, <time datetime="2007-02">February 2007</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4855">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4855</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="RFC6716">
<dt>[RFC6716]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Valin, JM.</span><span class="refAuthor">, Vos, K.</span><span class="refAuthor">, and T. Terriberry</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Definition of the Opus Audio Codec"</span>, <span>RFC6716</span>, <span>DOI10.17487/RFC6716</span>, <time datetime="2012-09">September 2012</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6716">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6716</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="RFC6838">
<dt>[RFC6838]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Freed, N.</span><span class="refAuthor">, Klensin, J.</span><span class="refAuthor">, and T. Hansen</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures"</span>, <span>BCP13</span>, <span>RFC6838</span>, <span>DOI10.17487/RFC6838</span>, <time datetime="2013-01">January 2013</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6838">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6838</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="section-11.2"><h3 id="name-informative-references"><a href="#name-informative-references" class="section-name selfRef">Informative References</a></h3>
<dl class="reference" id="Address-Sanitizer">
<dt>[Address-Sanitizer]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">The Clang Team</span>, <span class="refTitle">"ASAN AddressSanitizer website"</span>, <time datetime="2018-11">November 2018</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AddressSanitizer.html">https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AddressSanitizer.html</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="AVI">
<dt>[AVI]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Microsoft</span>, <span class="refTitle">"AVI RIFF File Reference"</span>, <time datetime="2018-11">November 2018</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318189%28v=vs.85%29.aspx">https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318189%28v=vs.85%29.aspx</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="FFV1_V0">
<dt>[FFV1_V0]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Niedermayer, M.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Commit to mark FFV1 version 0 as non-experimental"</span>, <time datetime="2006-04">April 2006</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commit;h=b548f2b91b701e1235608ac882ea6df915167c7e">https://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commit;h=b548f2b91b701e1235608ac882ea6df915167c7e</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="FFV1_V1">
<dt>[FFV1_V1]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Niedermayer, M.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Commit to release FFV1 version 1"</span>, <time datetime="2009-04">April 2009</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commit;h=68f8d33becbd73b4d0aa277f472a6e8e72ea6849">https://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commit;h=68f8d33becbd73b4d0aa277f472a6e8e72ea6849</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="FFV1_V3">
<dt>[FFV1_V3]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Niedermayer, M.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Commit to mark FFV1 version 3 as non-experimental"</span>, <time datetime="2013-08">August 2013</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commit;h=abe76b851c05eea8743f6c899cbe5f7409b0f301">https://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commit;h=abe76b851c05eea8743f6c899cbe5f7409b0f301</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="HuffYUV">
<dt>[HuffYUV]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Rudiak-Gould, B.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"HuffYUV"</span>, <time datetime="2003-12">December 2003</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040402121343/http://cultact-server.novi.dk/kpo/huffyuv/huffyuv.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20040402121343/http://cultact-server.novi.dk/kpo/huffyuv/huffyuv.html</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="ISO.14495-1.1999">
<dt>[ISO.14495-1.1999]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">International Organization for Standardization</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Information technology -- Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Baseline"</span>, <time datetime="1999-12">December 1999</time>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="ISO.14496-10.2014">
<dt>[ISO.14496-10.2014]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">International Organization for Standardization</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Information technology -- Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 10: Advanced Video Coding"</span>, <time datetime="2014-09">September 2014</time>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="ISO.14496-12.2015">
<dt>[ISO.14496-12.2015]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">International Organization for Standardization</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Information technology -- Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 12: ISO base media file format"</span>, <time datetime="2015-12">December 2015</time>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="Matroska">
<dt>[Matroska]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">IETF</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Matroska"</span>, <time datetime="2016">2016</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lhomme-cellar-matroska/">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lhomme-cellar-matroska/</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="NUT">
<dt>[NUT]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Niedermayer, M.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"NUT Open Container Format"</span>, <time datetime="2013-12">December 2013</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://ffmpeg.org/~michael/nut.txt">https://ffmpeg.org/~michael/nut.txt</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="range-coding">
<dt>[range-coding]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Nigel, G.</span><span class="refAuthor"> and N. Martin</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Range encoding: an algorithm for removing redundancy from a digitised message."</span>, <span>Proc. Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers International Conference on Video and Data Recording</span>, <time datetime="1979-07">July 1979</time>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="REFIMPL">
<dt>[REFIMPL]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Niedermayer, M.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"The reference FFV1 implementation / the FFV1 codec in FFmpeg"</span>, <time datetime="2018-11">November 2018</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://ffmpeg.org">https://ffmpeg.org</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="VALGRIND">
<dt>[VALGRIND]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Valgrind Developers</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Valgrind website"</span>, <time datetime="2018-11">November 2018</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://valgrind.org/">https://valgrind.org/</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
<dl class="reference" id="YCbCr">
<dt>[YCbCr]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Wikipedia</span>, <span class="refTitle">"YCbCr"</span>, <time datetime="2018-11">November 2018</time><span>, &lt;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YCbCr">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YCbCr</a>&gt;</span>. </dd>
</dl>
</section>
</section>
<div id="authors-addresses">
<section id="section-appendix.a"><h2 id="name-authors-addresses"><a href="#name-authors-addresses" class="section-name selfRef">Authors' Addresses</a></h2>
<address class="vcard">
<div class="email">
<span>Email:</span>
<a href="mailto:michael@niedermayer.cc" class="email">michael@niedermayer.cc</a>
</div>
</address>
<address class="vcard">
<div class="email">
<span>Email:</span>
<a href="mailto:dave@dericed.com" class="email">dave@dericed.com</a>
</div>
</address>
<address class="vcard">
<div class="email">
<span>Email:</span>
<a href="mailto:jerome@mediaarea.net" class="email">jerome@mediaarea.net</a>
</div>
</address>
</section>
</div>
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