ls-like example app using stat (tested on Linux only)

stat_example.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>

typedef enum {
    O_USER_MODE = S_IRWXU,
    O_GROUP_MODE = S_IRWXG,
    O_OTHERS_MODE = S_IRWXO
} retrieve_type;

typedef enum {
    O_READ = S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH,
    O_WRITE = S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH,
    O_EXEC = S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH
} perm_type;

char f_type(const struct stat *const s) {
    if (S_ISREG(s->st_mode)) return '-';
    if (S_ISDIR(s->st_mode)) return 'd';
    if (S_ISCHR(s->st_mode)) return 'c';
    if (S_ISBLK(s->st_mode)) return 'b';
    if (S_ISFIFO(s->st_mode)) return 'f';
    if (S_ISLNK(s->st_mode)) return 'l';
    if (S_ISSOCK(s->st_mode)) return 's';
    return '?';
}

char f_mode(const struct stat *const s, retrieve_type rtype, perm_type ptype) {
    mode_t mode = s->st_mode;
    char c = (ptype == O_READ) ? 'r' : ((ptype == O_WRITE) ? 'w' : ((ptype == O_EXEC) ? 'x' : '?'));
    if (mode & rtype & ptype) return c;
    return '-';
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    char *fnames[argc+1];
    bzero(fnames, sizeof(fnames));
    struct stat stt;
    int stt_r = 0;

    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
        stt_r = 0;
        bzero(&stt, sizeof(struct stat));

        //printf("Checking file %s:\n", argv[i]);
        stt_r = stat(argv[i], &stt);
        if (stt_r == -1) {
            char errmsg[301 + PATH_MAX];
            snprintf(errmsg, 300+PATH_MAX, "%s: Cannot stat file, errno=%d. Details", argv[1], errno);
            errmsg[300+PATH_MAX] = 0;
            perror(errmsg);
            continue;
        }
        printf("%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c\t%d %d\t%zu\t%s\n",
               f_type(&stt),
               f_mode(&stt, O_USER_MODE, O_READ),
               f_mode(&stt, O_USER_MODE, O_WRITE),
               f_mode(&stt, O_USER_MODE, O_EXEC),
               f_mode(&stt, O_GROUP_MODE, O_READ),
               f_mode(&stt, O_GROUP_MODE, O_WRITE),
               f_mode(&stt, O_GROUP_MODE, O_EXEC),
               f_mode(&stt, O_OTHERS_MODE, O_READ),
               f_mode(&stt, O_OTHERS_MODE, O_WRITE),
               f_mode(&stt, O_OTHERS_MODE, O_EXEC),
               stt.st_uid, stt.st_gid, stt.st_size, argv[i]
        );
    }

    return 0;
}