test.ts

import {Component, Injectable, NgModule} from '@angular/core';

 /*
  * Some service to test dependency injection. Not relevant to read.
  */

@Injectable({providedIn: 'root'})
export class SomeService {}

 /*
  * Base component from CDK.
  */

@Component({
    template: 'Cdk Base Template',
})
 export class CdkBaseComponent {
    constructor (myService: SomeService) {
        console.log(myService);
    }
 }

 /*
  * Component that extends base component from CDK.
  */
 
 @Component({
    template: 'Enhanced Component Template',
 })
 export class EnhancedComponent extends CdkBaseComponent {
    somePublicProperty = "my_default_value"
 }

 /*
  * Module definitons to simulate issue.
  */

 @NgModule({
    declarations: [CdkBaseComponent],
    exports: [CdkBaseComponent],
 })
export class CdkModule {}

 @NgModule({
    declarations: [EnhancedComponent],
    exports: [EnhancedComponent],
    imports: [CdkModule],
 })
 export class Module {}

tsconfig-test.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es2015",
    "outDir": "./out",
    "baseUrl": ".",
    "rootDir": ".",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    "types": []
  },
  "files": [
    "test.ts",
  ],
  "angularCompilerOptions": {
    "annotateForClosureCompiler": true,
  }
}