//Single line comments are removed when Sass is compiled to CSS.
/* Multi line comments are preserved. */
/* Variables ============================== */
/* You can store a CSS value (such as a color) in a variable. Use the '$' symbol to create a variable. */
$primary-color: #A3A4FF; $secondary-color: #51527F; $body-font: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
/* You can use the variables throughout your stylesheet. Now if you want to change a color, you only have to make the change once. */
body { background-color: $primary-color; color: $secondary-color; font-family: $body-font; }
/* This would compile to: */ body { background-color: #A3A4FF; color: #51527F; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; }
/* This is much more maintainable than having to change the color each time it appears throughout your stylesheet. */
/* Mixins ============================== */
/* If you find you are writing the same code for more than one element, you might want to store that code in a mixin.
Use the '@mixin' directive, plus a name for your mixin. */
@mixin center { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; left: 0; right: 0; }
/* You can use the mixin with '@include' and the mixin name. */
div { @include center; background-color: $primary-color; }
/* Which would compile to: */ div { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; left: 0; right: 0; background-color: #A3A4FF; }
/* You can use mixins to create a shorthand property. */
@mixin size($width, $height) { width: $width; height: $height; }
/* Which you can invoke by passing width and height arguments. */
.rectangle { @include size(100px, 60px); }
.square { @include size(40px, 40px); }
/* Compiles to: */ .rectangle { width: 100px; height: 60px; }
.square { width: 40px; height: 40px; }
/* Functions ============================== */
/* Sass provides functions that can be used to accomplish a variety of tasks. Consider the following */
/* Functions can be invoked by using their name and passing in the required arguments */ body { width: round(10.25px); }
.footer { background-color: fade_out(#000000, 0.25) }
/* Compiles to: */
body { width: 10px; }
.footer { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); }
/* You may also define your own functions. Functions are very similar to mixins. When trying to choose between a function or a mixin, remember that mixins are best for generating CSS while functions are better for logic that might be used throughout your Sass code. The examples in the Math Operators' section are ideal candidates for becoming a reusable function. */
/* This function will take a target size and the parent size and calculate and return the percentage */
@function calculate-percentage($target-size, $parent-size) { @return $target-size / $parent-size * 100%; }
$main-content: calculate-percentage(600px, 960px);
.main-content { width: $main-content; }
.sidebar { width: calculate-percentage(300px, 960px); }
/* Compiles to: */
.main-content { width: 62.5%; }
.sidebar { width: 31.25%; }
/* Extend (Inheritance) ============================== */
/* Extend is a way to share the properties of one selector with another. */
.display { @include size(5em, 5em); border: 5px solid $secondary-color; }
.display-success { @extend .display; border-color: #22df56; }
/* Compiles to: */ .display, .display-success { width: 5em; height: 5em; border: 5px solid #51527F; }
.display-success { border-color: #22df56; }
/* Extending a CSS statement is preferable to creating a mixin because of the way Sass groups together the classes that all share the same base styling. If this was done with a mixin, the width, height, and border would be duplicated for each statement that called the mixin. While it won't affect your workflow, it will add unnecessary bloat to the files created by the Sass compiler. */
/* Nesting ============================== */
/* Sass allows you to nest selectors within selectors */
ul { list-style-type: none; margin-top: 2em;
li {
background-color: #FF0000;
}
}
/* '&' will be replaced by the parent selector. / / You can also nest pseudo-classes. / / Keep in mind that over-nesting will make your code less maintainable. Best practices recommend going no more than 3 levels deep when nesting. For example: */
ul { list-style-type: none; margin-top: 2em;
li {
background-color: red;
&:hover {
background-color: blue;
}
a {
color: white;
}
}
}
/* Compiles to: */
ul { list-style-type: none; margin-top: 2em; }
ul li { background-color: red; }
ul li:hover { background-color: blue; }
ul li a { color: white; }
/* Partials and Imports ============================== */
/* Sass allows you to create partial files. This can help keep your Sass code modularized. Partial files should begin with an '_', e.g. _reset.css. Partials are not generated into CSS. */
/* Consider the following CSS which we'll put in a file called _reset.css */
html, body, ul, ol { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
/* Sass offers @import which can be used to import partials into a file. This differs from the traditional CSS @import statement which makes another HTTP request to fetch the imported file. Sass takes the imported file and combines it with the compiled code. */
@import 'reset';
body { font-size: 16px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif; }
/* Compiles to: */
html, body, ul, ol { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
body { font-size: 16px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif; }
/* Placeholder Selectors ============================== */
/* Placeholders are useful when creating a CSS statement to extend. If you wanted to create a CSS statement that was exclusively used with @extend, you can do so using a placeholder. Placeholders begin with a '%' instead of '.' or '#'. Placeholders will not appear in the compiled CSS. */
%content-window { font-size: 14px; padding: 10px; color: #000; border-radius: 4px; }
.message-window { @extend %content-window; background-color: #0000ff; }
/* Compiles to: */
.message-window { font-size: 14px; padding: 10px; color: #000; border-radius: 4px; }
.message-window { background-color: #0000ff; }
/* Math Operations ============================== */
/* Sass provides the following operators: +, -, *, /, and %. These can be useful for calculating values directly in your Sass files instead of using values that you've already calculated by hand. Below is an example of a setting up a simple two column design. */
$content-area: 960px; $main-content: 600px; $sidebar-content: 300px;
$main-size: $main-content / $content-area * 100%; $sidebar-size: $sidebar-content / $content-area * 100%; $gutter: 100% - ($main-size + $sidebar-size);
body { width: 100%; }
.main-content { width: $main-size; }
.sidebar { width: $sidebar-size; }
.gutter { width: $gutter; }
/* Compiles to: */
body { width: 100%; }
.main-content { width: 62.5%; }
.sidebar { width: 31.25%; }
.gutter { width: 6.25%; }