Homicide in Mexico, the US and Canada

hispanics-vs-mexicans.r

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#####       Author: Diego Valle Jones
#####       Website: www.diegovalle.net
#####       Date Created: Tue Jul 13 11:02:59 2010
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#1. -Compare homicide rates according Vital Statistics in the US (Hispanics) and in Mexico
#2.- Homicides in the three North American coutries

#Sources:
#INEGI Estadísticas Vitales for Mexico - http://github.com/diegovalle/Homicide-MX-Drug-War
#Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2006. CDC WONDER On-line Database, compiled from Compressed Mortality File 1999-2006 Series 20 No. 2L, 2009. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd10.html on Jul 8, 2010 1:17:04 PM

library(ggplot2)
library(directlabels)
library(Cairo)

########################################################
#US Hispanics and Mexicans
#All Hispanics refers to Hispanics of all races
#Hispanics refers to White Hispanics. This is probably a better
#comparison since it excludes Black Hispanics (ie Puerto Ricans, etc)
#and we want to compare the rate with Mexico
########################################################

rates <- data.frame(year = c(1999:2006),
                    Mexico = c(12.45741755, 10.81080455, 10.23511614,
                            9.929701873, 9.801023152, 9.060029951,
                            9.555843656, 9.916635234),
                    #All.Hispanics = c(8.4, 8.3, 9, 8.1, 8.4, 7.9,
                                       #8.2, 8),
                    Hispanics = c(8.9, 8.7, 9.4, 8.4, 8.8, 8.2, 8.6,
                                  8.2))
mrates <- melt(rates, id = "year")
p <- ggplot(mrates, aes(year, value, group = variable,
                        color = variable)) +
    geom_line(size=1) +
    ylab("homicide rate") +
    opts(title = "US Hispanic and Mexican homicide rates before the drug war(1999-2006)") +
    scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 13)) +
    scale_colour_manual(values = c("#00BA38", "#619CFF"))
get.pos <-
  dl.indep(unique(transform(d,x = 1999.5, y = y[1]+.3)))
Cairo(file = "hispanics-vs-mexicans.png", width = 640, height = 480)
print(direct.label(p, "get.pos"))
dev.off()

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#Mexico, US and Canada
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#Mexico 1979-2008
#SINAIS - http://github.com/diegovalle/Homicide-MX-Drug-War
Mexico <- c(18.2359257110631, 18.2880765645248, 18.3428625694480,
            18.9077374021619, 17.8847727425108, 16.8624511215753,
            19.7674114887191, 20.5597966866621, 19.8879464890342,
            18.8382270016049, 18.7001378513082, 17.2642907468046,
            17.6775067520154, 19.0354212072118, 18.0773362506455,
            17.34212109, 16.78286096, 15.40748018, 14.14614354,
            14.14028699, 12.45741755, 10.81080455, 10.23511614,
            9.929701873, 9.801023152, 9.060029951, 9.555843656,
            9.916635234, 8.318309568, 12.77435165)

#Canda 1978-2008
#WTF Canada! you're not supposed to charge for statistics, not even
#a poor country like Mexico does that!
#http://ywcacanada.ca/data/research_docs/00000038.pdf
Canada <- c(2.76, 2.61, 2.41, 2.61, 2.66, 2.66, 2.69, 2.60, 2.72, 2.18,
            2.43, 2.15, 2.41, 2.38, 2.69, 2.58, 2.19, 2.06, 2.01, 2.14,
            1.96, 1.85, 1.77, 1.78, 1.78, 1.86, 1.74, 1.95, 2.06, 1.86,
            1.80, 1.83)

#From 1950-2005
#Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports, 1950-2005
#http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/homicide/tables/totalstab.cfm
#and for 2006-2008 from
#http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2008/data/table_01.html
USA <- c(4.6, 4.4, 4.6, 4.5, 4.2, 4.1, 4.1, 4, 4.8,
         4.9, 5.1, 4.8, 4.6, 4.6, 4.9, 5.1, 5.6, 6.2,
         6.9, 7.3, 7.9, 8.6, 9, 9.4, 9.8, 9.6, 8.8,
         8.8, 9, 9.7, 10.2, 9.8, 9.1, 8.3, 7.9, 7.9,
         8.6, 8.3, 8.4, 8.7, 9.4, 9.8, 9.3, 9.5, 9,
         8.2, 7.4, 6.8, 6.3, 5.7, 5.5, 5.6, 5.6, 5.7,
         5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.6, 5.4 )


kyears <- 1979:2008
hom <- data.frame(year = kyears,
                  Canada = Canada[2:31],
                  Mexico = Mexico,
                  USA = USA[30:59]
                  )
mhom <- melt(hom, id = c("year"))

#International comparison
Cairo(file = "can-mx-us-homicide.png", width=450)
p <- ggplot(data = mhom, aes(year, value, group = variable,
            color = variable))  +
  geom_line(size = 1) +
  labs(y = "homicide rate",x="") +
  opts (title = "Homicide rates in Mexico, the US,\nand Canada (1979-2008)")
get.pos <-
  dl.indep(unique(transform(d,x = 2004, y = y[length(x) - 4] + 1.5)))
print(direct.label(p, get.pos))
dev.off()