Unity2017で始めるTask(async～await) ref: http://qiita.com/divideby_zero/items/b6bbcc35aef08e1d7d3e

async追加

    void Start ()
    {
        button?.onClick.AddListener(async() => {
            var btex = await BuildTexture.CreateBlurTextureAsync(spriteRenderer.sprite.texture, 32.0f, false);
            spriteRenderer.sprite = Sprite.Create(btex, spriteRenderer.sprite.rect, new Vector2(0.5f, 0.5f));
        });
    }

await追加、メソッド名変更

    void Start ()
    {
        button?.onClick.AddListener(() => {
            var btex = await BuildTexture.CreateBlurTextureAsync(spriteRenderer.sprite.texture, 32.0f, false);
            spriteRenderer.sprite = Sprite.Create(btex, spriteRenderer.sprite.rect, new Vector2(0.5f, 0.5f));
        });
    }

file0.cs

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class DotNet46Test : MonoBehaviour 
{
    public Button btn;//InspectorからuGUIのButtonをセットしておく
    private void Start()
    {
        btn.onClick.AddListener(()=>Func1());
    }

    private void Func1()
    {
        LogOutput("---Start---");
        for (var i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
        {
            Task.Delay(1000);
            LogOutput($"Count:{i}");
        }
        LogOutput("---End---");
    }

    private void LogOutput(string message)
    {
        Debug.Log(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy/MM/dd hh:mm:ss") + "\t" + message);
    }
}

file11.cs

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using UnityEngine;

public static class BuildTexture
{
    private static Dictionary<Texture2D, Texture2D> _textureCache = new Dictionary<Texture2D, Texture2D>();

    public static Texture2D CreateBlurTexture(Texture2D tex, float sig, bool isCache = true)
    {
        if (isCache && _textureCache.ContainsKey(tex)) return _textureCache[tex];

        int W = tex.width;
        int H = tex.height;
        int Wm = (int)(Mathf.Ceil(3.0f * sig) * 2 + 1);
        int Rm = (Wm - 1) / 2;

        //フィルタ
        float[] msk = new float[Wm];

        sig = 2 * sig * sig;
        float div = Mathf.Sqrt(sig * Mathf.PI);

        //フィルタの作成
        for (int x = 0; x < Wm; x++)
        {
            int p = (x - Rm) * (x - Rm);
            msk[x] = Mathf.Exp(-p / sig) / div;
        }

        var src = tex.GetPixels(0).Select(x => x.a).ToArray();
        var tmp = new float[src.Length];
        var dst = new Color[src.Length];

        //垂直方向
        for (int x = 0; x < W; x++)
        {
            for (int y = 0; y < H; y++)
            {
                float sum = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < Wm; i++)
                {
                    int p = y + i - Rm;
                    if (p < 0 || p >= H) continue;
                    sum += msk[i] * src[x + p * W];
                }
                tmp[x + y * W] = sum;
            }
        }
        //水平方向
        for (int x = 0; x < W; x++)
        {
            for (int y = 0; y < H; y++)
            {
                float sum = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < Wm; i++)
                {
                    int p = x + i - Rm;
                    if (p < 0 || p >= W) continue;
                    sum += msk[i] * tmp[p + y * W];
                }
                dst[x + y * W] = new Color(1, 1, 1, sum);
            }
        }

        var createTexture = new Texture2D(W, H);
        createTexture.SetPixels(dst);
        createTexture.Apply();

        if (isCache)
        {
            _textureCache.Add(tex, createTexture);
        }

        return createTexture;
    }

    public static void Release()
    {
        _textureCache.Clear();
    }
}

file12.cs

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class BlurTest : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Button button;
    public SpriteRenderer spriteRenderer;

    void Start ()
    {
        button?.onClick.AddListener(() => {
            var btex = BuildTexture.CreateBlurTexture(spriteRenderer.sprite.texture, 32.0f, false);
            spriteRenderer.sprite = Sprite.Create(btex, spriteRenderer.sprite.rect, new Vector2(0.5f, 0.5f));
        });
    }
}

file14.cs

        Task.Run(() => {
            //垂直方向
            //<省略>
            //水平方向
            //<省略>
        });

file15.cs

        await Task.Run(() => {
            //垂直方向
            //<省略>
            //水平方向
            //<省略>
        });

file16.cs

    public static async Texture2D CreateBlurTexture(Texture2D tex, float sig, bool isCache = true)

file17.cs

    public static async Task<Texture2D> CreateBlurTextureAsync(Texture2D tex, float sig, bool isCache = true)

file2.cs

    private void Start()
    {
//        btn.onClick.AddListener(()=>Func1());
        btn.onClick.AddListener(()=>Func2());
    }
    private void Func2()
    {
        LogOutput("---Start---");
        for (var i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
        {
            Task.Delay(1000).ContinueWith(t => LogOutput($"Count:{i}"));
        }
        LogOutput("---End---");
    }

file21.cs

Task.Run(()=>Debug.Log(transform.position));

file21.txt

Task.Run(()=>Debug.Log(transform.position));

file4.cs

    private IEnumerable CountIterator()
    {
        LogOutput("---Start---");
        for (var i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
        {
            yield return new WaitForSeconds(1);
            LogOutput($"Count:{i}");
        }
        LogOutput("---End---");
    }

file5.cs

        private void Func3()
        {
            LogOutput("---Start---");
            for (var i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
            {
                await Task.Delay(1000);
                LogOutput($"Count:{i}");
            }
            LogOutput("---End---");
        }

file6.cs

        private async void Func3()
        {
            LogOutput("---Start---");
            for (var i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
            {
                await Task.Delay(1000);
                LogOutput($"Count:{i}");
            }
            LogOutput("---End---");
        }

file7.cs

    private void Start()
    {
        //btn.onClick.AddListener(()=>Func1());
        //btn.onClick.AddListener(()=>Func2());
        btn.onClick.AddListener(()=>Func3());
    }
    private async Task Func3()
    {
        LogOutput("---Start---");
        for (var i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
        {
            await Task.Delay(1000);
            LogOutput($"Count:{i}");
        }
        LogOutput("---End---");
    }

file9.cs

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class DotNet46Test : MonoBehaviour {
    public Button btn;//InspectorからuGUIのButtonをセットしておく
    private void Start()
    {
        LogOutput("MainThreadID");
        btn.onClick.AddListener(() => Func3());
    }
    private async Task Func3()
    {
        LogOutput("---Start---");
        for (var i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
        {
            await Task.Delay(1000).ContinueWith(t=>LogOutput($"ContinueWith:{i}"));
            LogOutput($"Count:{i}");
        }
        LogOutput("---End---");
    }

    private void LogOutput(string message)
    {
        Debug.Log(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy/MM/dd hh:mm:ss") + "\t" + message + ":" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
    }
}

元

    void Start ()
    {
        button?.onClick.AddListener(() => {
            var btex = BuildTexture.CreateBlurTexture(spriteRenderer.sprite.texture, 32.0f, false);
            spriteRenderer.sprite = Sprite.Create(btex, spriteRenderer.sprite.rect, new Vector2(0.5f, 0.5f));
        });
    }

出力

2017/07/18 10:58:35 MainThreadID:1
2017/07/18 10:58:38 ---Start---:1
2017/07/18 10:58:39 ContinueWith:0:83
2017/07/18 10:58:40 Count:0:1
2017/07/18 10:58:41 ContinueWith:1:82
2017/07/18 10:58:41 Count:1:1
・
・
・
2017/07/18 10:58:49 ContinueWith:9:43
2017/07/18 10:58:49 Count:9:1
2017/07/18 10:58:49 ---End---:1

方法1例

using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using UnityEngine;

public class ContextTest : MonoBehaviour
{
    void Start()
    {
        var context = SynchronizationContext.Current;
        Task.Run(async () => {
            await Task.Delay(1000);
            //Debug.Log(transform.position);    //ここだと別スレッドなのでエラー
            context.Post(state => Debug.Log(transform.position), null);
        });
    }
}

方法2例

    void Start()
    {
        var context = SynchronizationContext.Current;
        Task.Run(async () => {
            SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(context);
            //Debug.Log(transform.position);    //ここだとawait前なのでエラー
            await Task.Delay(1000);
            Debug.Log(transform.position);      //ここだとOK
        });
    }

重いところ

        //垂直方向
        for (int x = 0; x < W; x++)
        {
            for (int y = 0; y < H; y++)
            {
                float sum = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < Wm; i++)
                {
                    int p = y + i - Rm;
                    if (p < 0 || p >= H) continue;
                    sum += msk[i] * src[x + p * W];
                }
                tmp[x + y * W] = sum;
            }
        }
        //水平方向
        for (int x = 0; x < W; x++)
        {
            for (int y = 0; y < H; y++)
            {
                float sum = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < Wm; i++)
                {
                    int p = x + i - Rm;
                    if (p < 0 || p >= W) continue;
                    sum += msk[i] * tmp[p + y * W];
                }
                dst[x + y * W] = new Color(1, 1, 1, sum);
            }
        }