base64 encoded length/efficiency thingy..

base64_length.php

<?php
// https://3v4l.org/XsSjl
function base64url_encode($data) {
  return rtrim(strtr(base64_encode($data), '+/', '-_'), '=');
}

$str="";
for($i=1;$i<30;++$i){
    $str.=chr($i);
    $encoded_base = base64url_encode($str);
    $encoded_base_length = strlen($encoded_base);
    $encoded_hex = bin2hex($str);
    $encoded_hex_length = strlen($encoded_hex);
    echo "{$i}: base64: {$encoded_base_length}: hex: {$encoded_hex_length}: {$encoded_base}\n";
}