gotcha.py

def make_adder():
    grand_total = 0
    def adder(to_add):
        print "Grand total moved from: %s" % grand_total
        grand_total += to_add
        print "To: %s \n" % grand_total
        return grand_total
    return adder

adder = make_adder()
adder(1)
adder(2)
adder(3)