As of 20/10/2017, a release file for Ubuntu 17.10 Artful Aardvark is not available on Download Docker.
If you are used to installing Docker to your development machine with get-docker script, that won't work either. So the solution is to install Docker CE from the zesty package.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -