python
2.7 or 3.xpip
virtualenv
The following command creates a new virtual environment named venv
in the current directory, usually this will be your project's directory.
$ virtualenv venv
The following commands activate an existing virtual environment on Windows and Unix systems. The command assume that the virtual environment is named venv
and that its location is in a subdirectory path/to/
of the current directory.
# Windows (CMD.exe)
$ path\to\venv\Scripts\activate.bat
# Unix
$ source path/to/venv//bin/activate
Once the virtual environment has been actiated your console cursor might prepend the name of the virtual environment as shown below.
$ (venv) echo 'Hello World!'
The following command deactivates the current virtual environment, any dependency installed after this command will be installed globally.
$ (venv) deactivate
Dependencies can be installed in several ways, after having activated the virtual environment use the following command install a single dependency.
$ (venv) pip install boto3
The same command can be used to install multiple dependencies.
$ (venv) pip install boto3 psycopg2
And it can be used to install a specific version of a module, this works both with a single dependency and multiple dependencies and other logic operators can be used (<
, >
, <=
, >=
).
$ (venv) pip install boto3==1.9.125
When installing multiple dependencies or working on someone else's project it can be convenient to use a requirements.txt
file. This file contains a list of all the dependencies needed for the project to work. Please take in account that if the file is malformed or some dependencies are not available the whole install process will fail and will need to be repeated. To install dependencies in the current environment from a requirements.txt
file the command below can be used.
$ (venv) pip install -r requirements.txt
It is also possile to create a requirements file from the current environment, to do so run the following command while the virtual environment is active. This will create a file called requirements.txt
(the name is just a convention) in the current directory.
$ (venv) pip freeze >> requirements.txt
To install dependencies using pip
while being behind proxy add the following flags after pip install
.
$ (venv) pip install --proxy http://user:pass@proxyAddress:proxyPort --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org boto3