Read the current Focus mode on macOS Monterey (12.0+) using JavaScript for Automation (JXA)

get-focus-mode.js

const app = Application.currentApplication()
app.includeStandardAdditions = true

function getJSON(path) {
	const fullPath = path.replace(/^~/, app.pathTo('home folder'))
	const contents = app.read(fullPath)
	return JSON.parse(contents)
}

function run() {

	let focus = "No focus" // default
	const assert = getJSON("~/Library/DoNotDisturb/DB/Assertions.json").data[0].storeAssertionRecords
	const config = getJSON("~/Library/DoNotDisturb/DB/ModeConfigurations.json").data[0].modeConfigurations

	if (assert) { // focus set manually

		const modeid = assert[0].assertionDetails.assertionDetailsModeIdentifier
		focus = config[modeid].mode.name

	} else { // focus set by trigger

		const date = new Date
		const now = date.getHours() * 60 + date.getMinutes()

		for (const modeid in config) {

			const triggers = config[modeid].triggers.triggers[0]
			if (triggers && triggers.enabledSetting == 2) {

				const start = triggers.timePeriodStartTimeHour * 60 + triggers.timePeriodStartTimeMinute
				const end = triggers.timePeriodEndTimeHour * 60 + triggers.timePeriodEndTimeMinute
				if (start < end) {
					if (now >= start && now < end) {
						focus = config[modeid].mode.name
					}
				} else if (start > end) { // includes midnight
					if (now >= start || now < end) {
						focus = config[modeid].mode.name
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return focus
}

Python if you want in that context.

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import json
import os
import datetime

ASSERT_PATH = os.path.expanduser("~/Library/DoNotDisturb/DB/Assertions.json")
MODECONFIG_PATH = os.path.expanduser("~/Library/DoNotDisturb/DB/ModeConfigurations.json")
def get_focus():
    focus = "No focus" #default
    assertJ = json.load(open(ASSERT_PATH))['data'][0]['storeAssertionRecords']
    configJ = json.load(open(MODECONFIG_PATH))['data'][0]['modeConfigurations']
    if assertJ:
        modeid = assertJ[0]['assertionDetails']['assertionDetailsModeIdentifier']
        focus = configJ[modeid]['mode']['name']
    else:
        date = datetime.datetime.today()
        now = date.hour * 60 + date.minute

        for modeid in configJ:
            triggers = configJ[modeid]['triggers']['triggers'][0]
            if triggers and triggers['enabledSetting'] == 2:
                start = triggers['timePeriodStartTimeHour'] * 60 + triggers['timePeriodStartTimeMinute']
                end = triggers['timePeriodEndTimeHour'] * 60 + triggers['timePeriodEndTimeMinute']
                if start < end:
                    if now >= start and now < end:
                        focus = configJ[modeid]['mode']['name']
                elif start > end: # includes midnight
                    if now >= start or now < end:
                        focus = configJ[modeid]['mode']['name']
    return focus

if '__main__' == __name__:
    print(get_focus())