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macro_rules! as_item { ($i:item) => ($i) } // <-- empirically, this is needed to placate the compiler
macro_rules! test_cases {
    (
        $test_name:ident
        $param_names:tt, // <-- just treat the param names as a tuple (type 'tt' to delay parsing)
        [$($case_name:ident : $test_params:tt)+] // <-- same for the param values
        $test_code:block
    ) => (as_item!(
        #[cfg(test)]
        pub mod $test_name {

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// switch to nightly and uncomment these for debugging
//#![feature(trace_macros)]
//trace_macros!(true);

/// Trick the macro parser into outputting an item without checking its syntax
macro_rules! as_item( ($i:item) => ($i) );

macro_rules! foo(
    // first rule: define the invocation syntax and call myself again with some
    //             easily parseable parameters (notice everything is bracketed)

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trait Star<Ret> {
    type F: ?Sized;

    fn star(self, f: &Self::F) -> Ret;
}

macro_rules! star_impl {
    ($($n:ident),*) => {
        impl<Ret,$($n),*> Star<Ret> for ($($n,)*) {
            type F = Fn($($n),*) -> Ret;

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use std::io::{Cursor, Read, self};

trait ReadExt {
    fn read_to_vec(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<usize>;
}

impl<T: Read> ReadExt for T {
    fn read_to_vec(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.take(buf.capacity() as u64).read_to_end(buf)
    }

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• PREFACE

This is a distilled overview of the Lojban language.

Major concepts of the language are introduced by saying as much with as little as possible.

That is to say:

• For each concept the most crucial aspects are presented

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/// Wrapper for a struct declaration using C++-like "pub:" and "priv:" labels instead of Rust's individual member annotations
///
/// Syntax is similar to a normal pub struct declaration (see example below)
/// The struct is given an automatic pub fn new() method which simply takes all members in order -- without this, there would be no way to construct an instance due to the private members
macro_rules! sticky_visibility {
    // START INTERNAL RULES
    
    // defeat the parser
    (@as_item $i:item) => ($i);

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use std::sync::Arc;

macro_rules! clone_army {
    ($vars:tt | | $body:expr) => {
        clone_army!(@emit $vars [] [] $body)
    };
    ($vars:tt move | | $body:expr) => {
        clone_army!(@emit $vars [] [move] $body)
    };
    ($vars:tt || $body:expr) => {

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#[cfg(debug_assertions)] use std::ops::*;
#[cfg(debug_assertions)] use std::{f32, f64, fmt};

#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
struct Signaling<T>(T);

#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for Signaling<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {

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#![allow(dead_code, unused_variables)]
//#![feature(trace_macros)] trace_macros!(true);

// strategy: scan the pattern for idents and pull them out, so we can create a let statement in the enclosing scope
macro_rules! guard {
    (@as_stmt $s:stmt) => { $s };

    (@collect () -> ($($idents:ident)*), [($pattern:pat) ($rhs:expr) ($diverge:expr)]) => {
        guard!(@as_stmt let ($($idents,)*) = if let $pattern = $rhs { ($($idents,)*) } else { $diverge })
    };

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fn main() {
    let values = vec![1, 2, 3];
    
    for x in values {
        println!("{}", x);
    }
    
    // Rough translation of the iteration without a `for` iterator.
    let values = vec![1, 2, 3];
    let mut it = values.into_iter();