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Android and Microcontroller Bluetooth Communication API
Android and Microcontroller Bluetooth Communication API
Normal Android application can be achieved via use of BTActivity.java
Unity Plugin application can be achieved via use of FragmentBT.java
FragmentPlugin.cs demonstrates the calling of the plugin via Unity3D
The class Bluetooth.java is provided via: 2009 The Android Open Source Project
/*
* Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package dyadica.co.uk.fragmentplugin;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.UUID;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
/**
* This class does all the work for setting up and managing Bluetooth
* connections with other devices. It has a thread that listens for incoming
* connections, a thread for connecting with a device, and a thread for
* performing data transmissions when connected.
*/
public class Bluetooth
{
// Debugging
private static final String TAG = "BluetoothService";
private static final boolean D = true;
// Name for the SDP record when creating server socket
private static final String NAME = "BluetoothChat";
// Unique UUID for this application
private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("0001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");
// INSECURE "8ce255c0-200a-11e0-ac64-0800200c9a66"
// SECURE "fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66"
// SPP "0001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"
public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1;
public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2;
public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3;
public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4;
public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5;
// Member fields
private final BluetoothAdapter mAdapter;
private final Handler mHandler;
private AcceptThread mAcceptThread;
private ConnectThread mConnectThread;
private ConnectedThread mConnectedThread;
private int mState;
// Constants that indicate the current connection state
public static final int STATE_NONE = 0; // we're doing nothing
public static final int STATE_LISTEN = 1; // now listening for incoming connections
public static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 2; // now initiating an outgoing connection
public static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 3; // now connected to a remote device
/**
* Constructor. Prepares a new BluetoothChat session.
*
* @param context
* The UI Activity Context
* @param handler
* A Handler to send messages back to the UI Activity
*/
public Bluetooth(Context context, Handler handler)
{
mAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (D) for (BluetoothDevice bd: mAdapter.getBondedDevices()) Log.d(TAG, "Bounded device: "+bd);
mState = STATE_NONE;
mHandler = handler;
}
/**
* Set the current state of the chat connection
*
* @param state
* An integer defining the current connection state
*/
private synchronized void setState(int state)
{
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, "setState() " + mState + " -> " + state);
mState = state;
// Give the new state to the Handler so the UI Activity can update
mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE, state, -1)
.sendToTarget();
}
/**
* Return the current connection state.
*/
public synchronized int getState() {
return mState;
}
/**
* Start the chat service. Specifically start AcceptThread to begin a
* session in listening (server) mode. Called by the Activity onResume()
*/
public synchronized void start()
{
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, "start");
// Cancel any thread attempting to
// make a connection
if (mConnectThread != null) {
mConnectThread.cancel();
mConnectThread = null;
}
// Cancel any thread currently
// running a connection
if (mConnectedThread != null) {
mConnectedThread.cancel();
mConnectedThread = null;
}
setState(STATE_LISTEN);
// Start the thread to listen on a
// BluetoothServerSocket
if (mAcceptThread == null)
{
mAcceptThread = new AcceptThread();
mAcceptThread.start();
}
}
/**
* Start the ConnectThread to initiate a connection to a remote device.
*
* @param device
* The BluetoothDevice to connect
*/
private synchronized void connect(BluetoothDevice device)
{
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, "connect to: " + device);
// Cancel any thread attempting to make a connection
if (mState == STATE_CONNECTING)
{
if (mConnectThread != null) {
mConnectThread.cancel();
mConnectThread = null;
}
}
// Cancel any thread currently running a connection
if (mConnectedThread != null)
{
mConnectedThread.cancel();
mConnectedThread = null;
}
// Start the thread to connect with the given device
mConnectThread = new ConnectThread(device);
mConnectThread.start();
setState(STATE_CONNECTING);
}
/**
* Start the ConnectedThread to begin managing a Bluetooth connection
*
* @param socket
* The BluetoothSocket on which the connection was made
* @param device
* The BluetoothDevice that has been connected
*/
public synchronized void connected(BluetoothSocket socket,
BluetoothDevice device, final String socketType) {
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, "connected, Socket Type:" + socketType);
// Cancel the thread that completed the connection
if (mConnectThread != null) {
mConnectThread.cancel();
mConnectThread = null;
}
// Cancel any thread currently running a connection
if (mConnectedThread != null) {
mConnectedThread.cancel();
mConnectedThread = null;
}
// Cancel the accept thread because we only want to connect to one
// device
if (mAcceptThread != null) {
mAcceptThread.cancel();
mAcceptThread = null;
}
// Start the thread to manage the connection and perform transmissions
mConnectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket, socketType);
mConnectedThread.start();
// Send the name of the connected device back to the UI Activity
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("Connected", device.getName());
msg.setData(bundle);
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
setState(STATE_CONNECTED);
}
/**
* Stop all threads
*/
public synchronized void stop()
{
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, "stop");
if (mConnectThread != null) {
mConnectThread.cancel();
mConnectThread = null;
}
if (mConnectedThread != null) {
mConnectedThread.cancel();
mConnectedThread = null;
}
if (mAcceptThread != null) {
mAcceptThread.cancel();
mAcceptThread = null;
}
setState(STATE_NONE);
}
/**
* Write to the ConnectedThread in an un-synchronized manner
*
* @param out
* The bytes to write
* @see package dyadica.co.uk.fragmentplugin.Bluetooth.ConnectedThread#write(byte[])
*/
private void write(byte[] out)
{
// Create temporary object
ConnectedThread r;
// Synchronize a copy of the ConnectedThread
synchronized (this)
{
if (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) return;
r = mConnectedThread;
}
// Perform the write un-synchronized
r.write(out);
}
/**
* Indicate that the connection attempt failed and notify the UI Activity.
*/
private void connectionFailed()
{
// Send a failure message back to the Activity
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_TOAST);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("Toast", "Unable to connect device");
msg.setData(bundle);
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
// Start the service over to restart listening mode
Bluetooth.this.start();
}
/**
* Indicate that the connection was lost and notify the UI Activity.
*/
private void connectionLost()
{
// Send a failure message back to the Activity
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_TOAST);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("Toast", "Device connection was lost");
msg.setData(bundle);
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
// Start the service over to restart listening mode
Bluetooth.this.start();
}
/**
* This thread runs while listening for incoming connections. It behaves
* like a server-side client. It runs until a connection is accepted (or
* until cancelled).
*/
private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
// The local server socket
private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;
private String mSocketType;
public AcceptThread() {
BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
// Create a new listening server socket
try {
tmp = mAdapter
.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Socket Type: " + mSocketType + "listen() failed", e);
}
mmServerSocket = tmp;
}
public void run() {
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, "Socket Type: " + mSocketType
+ "BEGIN mAcceptThread" + this);
setName("AcceptThread" + mSocketType);
BluetoothSocket socket = null;
// Listen to the server socket if we're not connected
while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {
try {
// This is a blocking call and will only return on a
// successful connection or an exception
socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Socket Type: " + mSocketType
+ "accept() failed", e);
break;
}
// If a connection was accepted
if (socket != null) {
synchronized (Bluetooth.this) {
switch (mState) {
case STATE_LISTEN:
case STATE_CONNECTING:
// Situation normal. Start the connected thread.
connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice(),
mSocketType);
break;
case STATE_NONE:
case STATE_CONNECTED:
// Either not ready or already connected. Terminate
// new socket.
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Could not close unwanted socket", e);
}
break;
}
}
}
}
if (D)
Log.i(TAG, "END mAcceptThread, socket Type: " + mSocketType);
}
public void cancel() {
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, "Socket Type" + mSocketType + "cancel " + this);
try {
mmServerSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Socket Type" + mSocketType
+ "close() of server failed", e);
}
}
}
/**
* This thread runs while attempting to make an outgoing connection with a
* device. It runs straight through; the connection either succeeds or
* fails.
*/
private class ConnectThread extends Thread
{
private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;
private String mSocketType;
public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device)
{
mmDevice = device;
BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
// Get a BluetoothSocket for a connection with the
// given BluetoothDevice
try
{
tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
} catch (IOException e)
{
Log.e(TAG, "Socket Type: " + mSocketType + "create() failed", e);
}
mmSocket = tmp;
}
public void run()
{
Log.i(TAG, "BEGIN mConnectThread SocketType:" + mSocketType);
setName("ConnectThread" + mSocketType);
// Always cancel discovery because it
// will slow down a connection
mAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
// Make a connection to the BluetoothSocket
try {
// This is a blocking call and will only return on a
// successful connection or an exception
mmSocket.connect();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG,"Unable to connect socket ",e);
// Close the socket
try {
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e2) {
Log.e(TAG, "unable to close() " + mSocketType
+ " socket during connection failure", e2);
}
connectionFailed();
return;
}
// Reset the ConnectThread because we're done
synchronized (Bluetooth.this)
{
mConnectThread = null;
}
// Start the connected thread
connected(mmSocket, mmDevice, mSocketType);
}
public void cancel()
{
try
{
mmSocket.close();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
Log.e(TAG, "close() of connect " + mSocketType
+ " socket failed", e);
}
}
}
/**
* This thread runs during a connection with a remote device. It handles all
* incoming and outgoing transmissions.
*/
private class ConnectedThread extends Thread
{
private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
private final InputStream mmInStream;
private final OutputStream mmOutStream;
public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket, String socketType)
{
Log.d(TAG, "create ConnectedThread: " + socketType);
mmSocket = socket;
InputStream tmpIn = null;
OutputStream tmpOut = null;
// Get the BluetoothSocket input
// and output streams
try
{
tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
Log.e(TAG, "temp sockets not created", e);
}
mmInStream = tmpIn;
mmOutStream = tmpOut;
}
public void run()
{
Log.i(TAG, "BEGIN mConnectedThread");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int bytes;
// Keep listening to the InputStream
// while connected
while (true)
{
try
{
// Read from the InputStream
bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
Log.d(TAG, "message bytes " + bytes);
Log.d(TAG, "message string bytes " + String.valueOf(bytes));
Log.d(TAG, "message buffer " + new String(buffer));
// Send the obtained bytes
// to the UI Activity
mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes,
-1, buffer).sendToTarget();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
Log.e(TAG, "disconnected", e);
connectionLost();
// Start the service over to restart
// listening mode
Bluetooth.this.start();
break;
}
}
}
/**
* Write to the connected OutStream.
*
* @param buffer
* The bytes to write
*/
public void write(byte[] buffer) {
try {
mmOutStream.write(buffer);
// Share the sent message back to the UI Activity
mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1,
buffer).sendToTarget();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Exception during write", e);
}
}
public void cancel() {
try {
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "close() of connect socket failed", e);
}
}
}
public void sendMessage(String message) {
// Check that we're actually connected before trying anything
if (this.getState() != Bluetooth.STATE_CONNECTED) {
Log.w(TAG, "bluetooth is not connected");
return;
}
// Check that there's actually something to send
if (message.length() > 0) {
char EOT = (char)3 ;
// Get the message bytes and tell the BluetoothChatService to write
byte[] send = (message + EOT).getBytes();
this.write(send);
}
}
public void connectDevice(String deviceName)
{
// Get the device MAC address
String address = null;
BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
for(BluetoothDevice d: adapter.getBondedDevices())
{
if (d.getName().equals(deviceName)) address = d.getAddress();
}
try
{
BluetoothDevice device = adapter.getRemoteDevice(address); // Get the BluetoothDevice object
this.connect(device); // Attempt to connect to the device
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Log.e("Connection Fail: "+ address,e.getMessage());
}
}
}
package dyadica.co.uk.fragmentplugin;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.StrictMode;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.SeekBar;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class BTActivity extends AppCompatActivity
{
public final String TAG = "Main";
private SeekBar elevation;
private TextView debug;
private TextView status;
private Bluetooth bt;
public static String DeviceName = "";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
bt = new Bluetooth(this, mHandler);
connectService();
}
public void connectService()
{
try
{
status.setText("Connecting...");
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled())
{
bt.start();
bt.connectDevice(DeviceName);
Log.d(TAG, "Btservice started - listening");
status.setText("Connected");
}
else
{
Log.w(TAG, "Btservice started - bluetooth is not enabled");
status.setText("Bluetooth Not enabled");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to start bt ",e);
status.setText("Unable to connect " +e);
}
}
private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what)
{
case Bluetooth.MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE:
Log.d(TAG, "MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE: " + msg.arg1);
break;
case Bluetooth.MESSAGE_WRITE:
Log.d(TAG, "MESSAGE_WRITE ");
break;
case Bluetooth.MESSAGE_READ:
Log.d(TAG, "MESSAGE_READ ");
break;
case Bluetooth.MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME:
Log.d(TAG, "MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME "+msg);
break;
case Bluetooth.MESSAGE_TOAST:
Log.d(TAG, "MESSAGE_TOAST "+msg);
break;
}
}
};
}
package dyadica.co.uk.fragmentplugin;
import com.unity3d.player.UnityPlayer;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.Set;
public class FragmentBT extends Fragment
{
// Singleton instance
private static FragmentBT fragmentBT;
// Unity context.
String gameObjectName;
// Bluetooth
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
// Requests
public static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 0;
// Properties
public static String myDeviceAddress;
public static String myDeviceName;
public static Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices;
public static String deviceToConnectTo;
public FragmentBT()
{
Log.i("INFO", "Initialising instance via constructor!");
fragmentBT = this;
}
public static FragmentBT fragmentBT()
{
if(fragmentBT == null)
{
Log.i("INFO", "Generating class instance via method!");
fragmentBT = new FragmentBT();
}
return fragmentBT;
}
public void initialisePlugin(String gameObjectName)
{
Log.i("INFO", "Initialising Bluetooth Plugin");
// Reference the GameObject Name
fragmentBT.gameObjectName = gameObjectName;
// Add to the current 'Activity' (a static
// reference is stored in 'UnityPlayer').
UnityPlayer.currentActivity.getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(fragmentBT, "FragmentBT").commit();
Log.i("INFO", "Plugin added to current activity!");
// Initialise Bluetooth
initialiseBluetooth();
}
public void initialiseBluetooth()
{
Log.i("Info", "Checking for bt adapter!");
// Simple Bluetooth test
bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
// If we have no bluetooth the return
if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
showToast("This application requires a bluetooth capable device");
return;
}
else
{
showToast("Bluetooth adapter found!");
}
Log.i("INFO", "Checking Bluetooth adapter status!");
if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled())
{
Log.i("INFO", "Requesting user to enable Bluetooth!");
Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}
else
{
Log.i("INFO", "Bluetooth is enabled!");
showToast("Bluetooth adapter enabled!");
setUpBluetooth();
}
}
public void setUpBluetooth()
{
myDeviceAddress = bluetoothAdapter.getAddress();
myDeviceName = bluetoothAdapter.getName();
String status = myDeviceName + " : " + myDeviceAddress;
Log.i("INFO", status);
// Get the paired devices
pairedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
}
public void connectService(String name)
{
deviceToConnectTo = name;
connectService();
}
public void connectService()
{
try
{
// status.setText("Connecting...");
if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled())
{
// bt.start();
// bt.connectDevice(deviceToConnectTo);
// Log.d(TAG, "Btservice started - listening");
// status.setText("Connected");
}
else
{
// Log.w(TAG, "Btservice started - bluetooth is not enabled");
// status.setText("Bluetooth Not enabled");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
// Log.e(TAG, "Unable to start bt ",e);
// status.setText("Unable to connect " +e);
}
}
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
{
switch (requestCode)
{
case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT:
// When the request to enable Bluetooth returns
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK)
{
Log.i("INFO", "Bluetooth has been enabled!");
showToast("Bluetooth has turned on ");
SendUnityMessage("BluetoothStatus","true");
setUpBluetooth();
} else
{
Log.i("INFO", "User did not enable Bluetooth or an error occurred!");
showToast("BT not enabled");
SendUnityMessage("BluetoothStatus","false");
}
break;
default:
Log.e("FragmentBT", "wrong request code");
break;
}
}
public void SendUnityMessage(String methodName, String parameter)
{
UnityPlayer.UnitySendMessage(gameObjectName, methodName, parameter);
}
public void showToast(final String message)
{
try
{
final Activity activity = UnityPlayer.currentActivity;
activity.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Toast.makeText(activity, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
UnityPlayer.UnitySendMessage(gameObjectName, "throwAlertUpdate", "Error: " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
}
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class FragmentPlugin : MonoBehaviour
{
// AndroidJavaClass _class;
// AndroidJavaObject instance { get { return _class.GetStatic<AndroidJavaObject>("instance"); } }
void Start ()
{
try
{
// _class = new AndroidJavaClass("dyadica.co.uk.fragmentplugin.FragmentBT");
// _class.CallStatic("start", gameObject.name);
AndroidJavaClass activityClass = new AndroidJavaClass("com.unity3d.player.UnityPlayer");
// Get the activities context
AndroidJavaObject activityContext = activityClass.GetStatic<AndroidJavaObject>("currentActivity");
// Initialise the plugin
using (AndroidJavaClass pluginClass = new AndroidJavaClass("dyadica.co.uk.fragmentplugin.FragmentBT"))
{
if (pluginClass != null)
{
pluginClass.CallStatic("start", gameObject.name);
}
}
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
print("Failed to initialise: " + ex.Message.ToString());
}
print("Initialised Plugin");
}
public void BluetoothStatus(string data)
{
print("Data: " + data);
}
}
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