builder.ts

type Head<T extends unknown[]> = ((...args: T) => never) extends (
  _: infer R,
  ...args: any
) => never
  ? R
  : never;

type Tail<T extends unknown[]> = ((...args: T) => never) extends (
  _: any,
  ...args: infer R
) => never
  ? R
  : never;

interface Scene {
  foo: {};
  bar: {};
  baz: {};
}

function useScene(_: Scene) {}

{
  // Broken solution:

  type Append<T, X extends T, L extends T[]> = L["length"] extends 0
    ? [X]
    : [Head<L> | X, ...Append<T, X, Tail<L>>];

  type PowerSet<T, L extends T[]> = L["length"] extends 0
    ? []
    : PowerSet<T, Tail<L>> extends infer X
    ? X extends T[]
      ? [...X, ...Append<T, Head<L>, X>]
      : never
    : never;

  type ForEachPick<T, L extends (keyof T)[]> = L["length"] extends 0
    ? never
    : Pick<T, Head<L>> | ForEachPick<T, Tail<L>>;

  type ScenePowerSet = PowerSet<keyof Scene, ["foo", "bar", "baz"]>;
  //    ^?

  type SceneBuilder = ForEachPick<Scene, ScenePowerSet>;
  //    ^?

  let scene: SceneBuilder = { foo: {} };
  scene = { ...scene, bar: {} };
  scene = { ...scene, baz: {} };
  // useScene(scene);
}

{
  // Working solution:

  type Reverse<L extends unknown[]> = L["length"] extends 0
    ? []
    : [...Reverse<Tail<L>>, Head<L>];

  type Builder<T, L extends (keyof T)[]> = Reverse<L> extends (keyof T)[]
    ? BuilderImpl<T, Reverse<L>>
    : never;

  type BuilderImpl<T, L extends (keyof T)[]> = L["length"] extends 0
    ? never
    : BuilderImpl<T, Tail<L>> | Pick<T, L[number]>;

  type SceneBuilder = Builder<Scene, ["foo", "bar", "baz"]>; // order must match use
  //    ^?

  let scene: SceneBuilder = { foo: {} };
  scene = { ...scene, bar: {} };
  scene = { ...scene, baz: {} };
  useScene(scene);
}

playground.md

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?#code/C4TwDgpgBAEhCGATAPAFShAHsCA7RAzlAK64DWuA9gO64DaAugHxQC8UAFBwHS-wBOAcwIAuKKgCUbFrggA3CPylYc+IhwBQUKAH0xAS1wAzRVABKAGi1Re3AcLHxcIDVNYz5i6wH5z1sbIK-ADcGhqgkOLw+gA2aBjYeIQk5FS0jCzsXLb2ouJuHkHKiWqc1npQTiBW2jlCeYYm-H4FUIFe2r5m-m2eIWGGOPxG8ADG0ADK47JQAN7WRpSUYrMAvqHaAEYCK+vW2wBeu6GrYUako8D6lLgkBBBTeBAcFY+yUmth89oA9D9QACF+JQyHgoARKDFiFcbiIwtoItAAIJgSD4NAWKAADQSqmSqExABlcUkiKgMmwoIS6AAiGJ4QTAAAWNIYJNKAAZrJ0oHQsQxuVAxHQ4EhkISWAAfbGY2wotEoAkyqKxcVMJgMULWRFQAAKNEUEwgwAxVPZ+Ip7GpdIZzNZ5qIXO0PMYgrE+uohuNptQ0TiEpYKlJUEapixgt8OKDpXJAudzt8dFsWNlvHlSVNopQEsxWI1gu0AT6bt6QS1CPA0AAYpR+ABRMZM3X6UZkU3E6PJDigkCUIz5S1U2n03CMllszuOiOljrO90tttKrNqqVQGv1xvN1s+v0r8tQHVvCAer3ASkn-hGk09vtQI+Y2mLSg0zE07b8F9QN-wA6spgbKA-njAA9bx4QPSs72mCAAWIWJEFMdh1wbUYmwXZB7ygp4Lyvf9rCA51QPA+kzwIaCxCPWD4MQuYoCfXYoD2bQyKeSlZhsXgWNkTF3wYpjwWgtiOO4LiIB4n8+IAoDiHuI8OFEiQTi+fD-gAdVrMhDEEcFIWha5cDhbVILMPp7nFB0UgoGh6GYSlrRHMd7UnKAnQTXk4znXlbBMoIzN9VUA0xZcJU1cCdSomIEP4dsLO7CBe37SRBx8xQzIlWKb0SiRXXjXwIqigBJABbMA4iVFL+DS9US3afojMifLFGK0qYucuKEoHWyrWHW1xws1yeVqktGv4Zqysxfz-XVKBpS3RciToXBiCKzZFGYfdD2gkbKRGjDoIfGkn0-b8P1fQ4-2CQD-lrKKoCKmSzyK+BgFQu4IBUkCwOsEiBKeCitrgyKaPY+i5lWRiANEoTbFE8T+Ek6wofYdiYf2qBDgR7QZIeaD5OgxSNFOIA