e-Bot_4x4_LineFollower.ino

/*

e-Gizmo e-Bot 4x4 Line Follower

This demo program will make the eBOT detect to follow
a black line path laid out on a light colored surface.
track width is 15-19mm wide.

I/O Usage
- collision sensor inputs (not used in this demo)
2- colision1 as input
3- colision2 as input
4- colision3 as input

-line sensor inputs
5- linesense1 as input low on black
6- linesense2 as input
7- linesense3 as input

-motor control output (default PBOT pin)
8 - mot2 dir as output high=fwd
9 - mot2 run as output
11 - mot1 dir as output high= fwd
10 - mot1 run as output

March 30,2016
Codes by e-Gizmo Mechatronix Central
http://www.e-gizmo.com
 
 */

int  col1= 2;
int  col2= 3;
int  col3= 4;
int  ls1 = 5;
int  ls2 = 6;
int  ls3 = 7;
int  m2dir = 8;
int m2run = 9;
int m1dir = 11;
int m1run = 10;
long int rtc;

// Initialization routine
void setup()   {                
  pinMode(m2dir, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(m2run, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(m1dir, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(m1run, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
  rtc=millis()+10;
}

int  colsense = 0;
int  linesense=0;
int giveup=0;
int lastsense;
int runspeed=90;

//timers
byte  retry_dly=0;
byte  ledflsh=25;

// Main Line following program loop

void loop()                     
{
  
  // Hardware Timer service
  if(millis()>=rtc)
  {
      rtc=rtc+10;
      if(retry_dly>0) retry_dly--;
      if(ledflsh>0)
      {
        ledflsh--;
        if(ledflsh==0)
        {
          ledflsh=25;
          PORTB ^= 0x20;
        }
      }                
  }      
  
  // read the status of colision and line sensors
  colsense=0;
  linesense=0;
  if(digitalRead(col1)==LOW) colsense=1;
  if(digitalRead(col2)==LOW) colsense=colsense+2;
  if(digitalRead(col3)==LOW) colsense=colsense+4;
  if(digitalRead(ls1)==LOW) linesense=1;
  if(digitalRead(ls2)==LOW) linesense=linesense+2;
  if(digitalRead(ls3)==LOW) linesense=linesense+4;
  
  
  // if no line is detected (all high)
  if((linesense==0) & (retry_dly==0))
    {
     if(giveup<10)
     {
          //reverse for 20mS
        if(lastsense==1) runBot(runspeed*15/10,runspeed,LOW);
        if(lastsense==3) runBot(runspeed*12/10,runspeed,LOW);
        if(lastsense==4) runBot(runspeed,runspeed*15/10,LOW);
        if(lastsense==6) runBot(runspeed,runspeed*12/10,LOW);
        
        delay(40);
        giveup++;
      }
      else
      Stop();
      //delay(1000);
    }
 
 // if line is detected
  if(linesense!=0)
     {
        lastsense=linesense;
        giveup=0;
        retry_dly=50;  // retry delay=500ms
     }        
    
// extreme left
  if(linesense==1)
  {
        //Stop();
        dirfwd();
        analogWrite(m2run, runspeed);
        analogWrite(m1run, 0);
//        digitalWrite(m1dir,LOW);
        delay(50);
  }
  
 // centered
  if((linesense==2)|(linesense==7))
  {
      runBot(runspeed,runspeed,HIGH);
      delay(50);
  }      
 
 // skewed left
  if(linesense==3)
  {
        Stop();
        dirfwd();
        analogWrite(m2run, runspeed*12/10);
        delay(50);
        
  }
 // extreme right
  if(linesense==4)
  {
        //Stop();
        dirfwd();
        analogWrite(m1run, runspeed);
        analogWrite(m2run, 0);
//        digitalWrite(m2dir,LOW);
        delay(50);
  }

// skewed right
  if(linesense==6)
  {
        Stop();
        dirfwd();
        analogWrite(m1run, runspeed*12/10);
        delay(50);
  }
}

void runBot(int spd1,int spd2, boolean direction )
{
    digitalWrite(m2dir,direction);
    digitalWrite(m1dir,direction);
    analogWrite(m1run, spd1);
    analogWrite(m2run, spd2); 
}

void dirfwd(void)
{
    digitalWrite(m2dir,HIGH);
    digitalWrite(m1dir,HIGH);
}    

void rotBot(int speed, boolean direction)
{
    digitalWrite(m2dir,direction);
    digitalWrite(m1dir,~direction);
    analogWrite(m2run, speed);
    analogWrite(m1run, speed); 
}

void Stop(void)
{
    analogWrite(m2run, 0);
    analogWrite(m1run, 0); 
}