eduardovra/network_glossary.md

## network_glossary.md

      
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    Protocols


Protocol
Description


VRRP
The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is a computer networking protocol that provides for automatic assignment of available Internet Protocol (IP) routers to participating hosts. This increases the availability and reliability of routing paths via automatic default gateway selections on an IP subnetwork.


GVRP
Multiple Registration Protocol (MRP), which replaced Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP), is a generic registration framework defined by the IEEE 802.1ak amendment to the IEEE 802.1Q standard. MRP allows bridges, switches or other similar devices to be able to register and de-register attribute values, such as VLAN identifiers and multicast group membership across a large LAN. MRP operates at the Data Link Layer.


EAPS
Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching (EAPS) is used to create a fault tolerant topology by configuring a primary and secondary path for each VLAN.


ERPS
Ethernet Ring Protection Switching, or ERPS, is an effort at ITU-T under G.8032 Recommendation to provide sub-50ms protection and recovery switching for Ethernet traffic in a ring topology and at the same time ensuring that there are no loops formed at the Ethernet layer. G.8032v1 supported a single ring topology and G.8032v2 supports multiple rings/ladder topology.


CESoPSN
Circuit Emulation Service over Packet-Switched Network (CESoPSN) is an encapsulation layer intended to carry NxDS0 services over a packet-switched network (PSN). CESoPSN enables pseudowire emulation of some properties of structure-aware time division multiplexed (TDM) networks.


BGP
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.


IS-IS
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) is a routing protocol designed to move information efficiently within a computer network, a group of physically connected computers or similar devices. It accomplishes this by determining the best route for datagrams through a packet-switched network.


OSPF
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system (AS).


RIP
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of the oldest distance-vector routing protocols, which employs the hop count as a routing metric.


STP
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them.


RSTP
In 2001, the IEEE introduced Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) as 802.1w. RSTP provides significantly faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change, introducing new convergence behaviors and bridge port roles to do this. RSTP was designed to be backwards-compatible with standard STP.


MSTP
The Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), originally defined in IEEE 802.1s and later merged into IEEE 802.1Q-2005, defines an extension to RSTP to further develop the usefulness of virtual LANs (VLANs). This Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol configures a separate Spanning Tree for each VLAN group and blocks all but one of the possible alternate paths within each Spanning Tree.


LACP
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) provides a method to control the bundling of several physical ports together to form a single logical channel. LACP allows a network device to negotiate an automatic bundling of links by sending LACP packets to the peer (directly connected device that also implements LACP).


L2TP
In computer networking, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) or as part of the delivery of services by ISPs.


LDP
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) is a protocol in which routers capable of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) exchange label mapping information. Two routers with an established session are called LDP peers and the exchange of information is bi-directional. LDP is used to build and maintain LSP databases that are used to forward traffic through MPLS networks.


LLDP
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a vendor-neutral link layer protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite used by network devices for advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors on an IEEE 802 local area network, principally wired Ethernet.


PTP
The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol used to synchronize clocks throughout a computer network. On a local area network, it achieves clock accuracy in the sub-microsecond range, making it suitable for measurement and control systems.


NTP
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.


SNTP
A less complex implementation of NTP, using the same protocol but without requiring the storage of state over extended periods of time,[11] is known as the Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP).


SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an "Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks". SNMP is used mostly in network management systems to monitor network-attached devices for conditions that warrant administrative attention.


IPFIX
Internet Protocol Flow Information Export (IPFIX) is an IETF protocol, as well as the name of the working group defining the protocol. It was created based on the need for a common, universal standard of export for Internet Protocol flow information from routers, probes and other devices that are used by mediation systems, accounting/billing systems and network management systems to facilitate services such as measurement, accounting and billing.


sFlow
sFlow, short for "sampled flow", is an industry standard for packet export at Layer 2 of the OSI model. It provides a means for exporting truncated packets, together with interface counters.


RSVP
The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is a Transport Layer protocol designed to reserve resources across a network for an integrated services Internet. RSVP can be used by either hosts or routers to request or deliver specific levels of quality of service (QoS) for application data streams or flows.


Standards


Name
Description


DOT1X
IEEE 802.1X is an IEEE Standard for Port-based Network Access Control (PNAC). It is part of the IEEE 802.1 group of networking protocols. It provides an authentication mechanism to devices wishing to attach to a LAN or WLAN.


Others


Name
Description


VLAN
In computer networking, a single layer-2 network may be partitioned to create multiple distinct broadcast domains, which are mutually isolated so that packets can only pass between them via one or more routers; such a domain is referred to as a virtual local area network, virtual LAN or VLAN.


QinQ
QinQ allows multiple VLAN tags to be inserted into a single frame, an essential capability for implementing Metro Ethernet network topologies.


CFM
IEEE 802.1ag (also CFM) (IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 5: Connectivity Fault Management) is a standard defined by IEEE. It defines protocols and practices for OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) for paths through 802.1 bridges and local area networks (LANs).


OAM
Operations, administration and management or operations, administration and maintenance (OA&M or OAM) is the processes, activities, tools, standards etc. involved with operating, administering, managing and maintaining any system.


VRF
In IP-based computer networks, virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) is a technology that allows multiple instances of a routing table to co-exist within the same router at the same time.


MPLS
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a mechanism in high-performance telecommunications networks that directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a routing table. The labels identify virtual links (paths) between distant nodes rather than endpoints. MPLS can encapsulate packets of various network protocols. MPLS supports a range of access technologies, including T1/E1, ATM, Frame Relay, and DSL.


PW
In computer networking and telecommunications, a pseudowire (or pseudo-wire) is an emulation of a point-to-point connection over a packet-switching network (PSN).


VPWS
Virtual Leased Line (VLL) is a way to provide Ethernet-based point to point communication over IP/MPLS networks. In the industry, the technology is also referred to as Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) or EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS).


VPLS
Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) is a way to provide Ethernet-based multipoint to multipoint communication over IP or MPLS networks.


L2CP
Layer 2 Control Protocols (L2CP) are various Ethernet control protocols such as Spanning Tree BPDUs, LACP, PAUSE Frames, etc. 
 https://wiki.metroethernetforum.com/display/CESG/UNI+Attributes+-+L2CP+Processing


IGP
An Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) is a type of protocol used for exchanging routing information between gateways (commonly routers) within an Autonomous System (for example, a system of corporate local area networks). Specific examples of IGP protocols include Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS).


EGP
An Exterior Gateway Protocol is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems. Notable exterior gateway protocols include Exterior Gateway Protocol and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).
Protocol	Description
VRRP	The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is a computer networking protocol that provides for automatic assignment of available Internet Protocol (IP) routers to participating hosts. This increases the availability and reliability of routing paths via automatic default gateway selections on an IP subnetwork.
GVRP	Multiple Registration Protocol (MRP), which replaced Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP), is a generic registration framework defined by the IEEE 802.1ak amendment to the IEEE 802.1Q standard. MRP allows bridges, switches or other similar devices to be able to register and de-register attribute values, such as VLAN identifiers and multicast group membership across a large LAN. MRP operates at the Data Link Layer.
EAPS	Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching (EAPS) is used to create a fault tolerant topology by configuring a primary and secondary path for each VLAN.
ERPS	Ethernet Ring Protection Switching, or ERPS, is an effort at ITU-T under G.8032 Recommendation to provide sub-50ms protection and recovery switching for Ethernet traffic in a ring topology and at the same time ensuring that there are no loops formed at the Ethernet layer. G.8032v1 supported a single ring topology and G.8032v2 supports multiple rings/ladder topology.
CESoPSN	Circuit Emulation Service over Packet-Switched Network (CESoPSN) is an encapsulation layer intended to carry NxDS0 services over a packet-switched network (PSN). CESoPSN enables pseudowire emulation of some properties of structure-aware time division multiplexed (TDM) networks.
BGP	Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.
IS-IS	Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) is a routing protocol designed to move information efficiently within a computer network, a group of physically connected computers or similar devices. It accomplishes this by determining the best route for datagrams through a packet-switched network.
OSPF	Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system (AS).
RIP	The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of the oldest distance-vector routing protocols, which employs the hop count as a routing metric.
STP	The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them.
RSTP	In 2001, the IEEE introduced Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) as 802.1w. RSTP provides significantly faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change, introducing new convergence behaviors and bridge port roles to do this. RSTP was designed to be backwards-compatible with standard STP.
MSTP	The Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), originally defined in IEEE 802.1s and later merged into IEEE 802.1Q-2005, defines an extension to RSTP to further develop the usefulness of virtual LANs (VLANs). This Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol configures a separate Spanning Tree for each VLAN group and blocks all but one of the possible alternate paths within each Spanning Tree.
LACP	Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) provides a method to control the bundling of several physical ports together to form a single logical channel. LACP allows a network device to negotiate an automatic bundling of links by sending LACP packets to the peer (directly connected device that also implements LACP).
L2TP	In computer networking, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) or as part of the delivery of services by ISPs.
LDP	Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) is a protocol in which routers capable of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) exchange label mapping information. Two routers with an established session are called LDP peers and the exchange of information is bi-directional. LDP is used to build and maintain LSP databases that are used to forward traffic through MPLS networks.
LLDP	The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a vendor-neutral link layer protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite used by network devices for advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors on an IEEE 802 local area network, principally wired Ethernet.
PTP	The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol used to synchronize clocks throughout a computer network. On a local area network, it achieves clock accuracy in the sub-microsecond range, making it suitable for measurement and control systems.
NTP	Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.
SNTP	A less complex implementation of NTP, using the same protocol but without requiring the storage of state over extended periods of time,[11] is known as the Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP).
SNMP	Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an "Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks". SNMP is used mostly in network management systems to monitor network-attached devices for conditions that warrant administrative attention.
IPFIX	Internet Protocol Flow Information Export (IPFIX) is an IETF protocol, as well as the name of the working group defining the protocol. It was created based on the need for a common, universal standard of export for Internet Protocol flow information from routers, probes and other devices that are used by mediation systems, accounting/billing systems and network management systems to facilitate services such as measurement, accounting and billing.
sFlow	sFlow, short for "sampled flow", is an industry standard for packet export at Layer 2 of the OSI model. It provides a means for exporting truncated packets, together with interface counters.
RSVP	The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is a Transport Layer protocol designed to reserve resources across a network for an integrated services Internet. RSVP can be used by either hosts or routers to request or deliver specific levels of quality of service (QoS) for application data streams or flows.
Name	Description
VLAN	In computer networking, a single layer-2 network may be partitioned to create multiple distinct broadcast domains, which are mutually isolated so that packets can only pass between them via one or more routers; such a domain is referred to as a virtual local area network, virtual LAN or VLAN.
QinQ	QinQ allows multiple VLAN tags to be inserted into a single frame, an essential capability for implementing Metro Ethernet network topologies.
CFM	IEEE 802.1ag (also CFM) (IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 5: Connectivity Fault Management) is a standard defined by IEEE. It defines protocols and practices for OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) for paths through 802.1 bridges and local area networks (LANs).
OAM	Operations, administration and management or operations, administration and maintenance (OA&M or OAM) is the processes, activities, tools, standards etc. involved with operating, administering, managing and maintaining any system.
VRF	In IP-based computer networks, virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) is a technology that allows multiple instances of a routing table to co-exist within the same router at the same time.
MPLS	Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a mechanism in high-performance telecommunications networks that directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a routing table. The labels identify virtual links (paths) between distant nodes rather than endpoints. MPLS can encapsulate packets of various network protocols. MPLS supports a range of access technologies, including T1/E1, ATM, Frame Relay, and DSL.
PW	In computer networking and telecommunications, a pseudowire (or pseudo-wire) is an emulation of a point-to-point connection over a packet-switching network (PSN).
VPWS	Virtual Leased Line (VLL) is a way to provide Ethernet-based point to point communication over IP/MPLS networks. In the industry, the technology is also referred to as Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) or EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS).
VPLS	Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) is a way to provide Ethernet-based multipoint to multipoint communication over IP or MPLS networks.
L2CP	Layer 2 Control Protocols (L2CP) are various Ethernet control protocols such as Spanning Tree BPDUs, LACP, PAUSE Frames, etc. https://wiki.metroethernetforum.com/display/CESG/UNI+Attributes+-+L2CP+Processing
IGP	An Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) is a type of protocol used for exchanging routing information between gateways (commonly routers) within an Autonomous System (for example, a system of corporate local area networks). Specific examples of IGP protocols include Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS).
EGP	An Exterior Gateway Protocol is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems. Notable exterior gateway protocols include Exterior Gateway Protocol and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).