A solution to the second day problems of the Advent of Code 2023, written in Kotlin (Skript).

AOC2023Solution2.kts

val input = """
    Game 1: 1 green, 6 red, 4 blue; 2 blue, 6 green, 7 red; 3 red, 4 blue, 6 green; 3 green; 3 blue, 2 green, 1 red
    Game 2: 2 blue, 4 red, 7 green; 17 red, 3 blue, 2 green; 3 green, 14 red, 1 blue
    Game 3: 12 blue, 3 red, 1 green; 8 blue, 9 red; 1 blue, 1 green, 9 red; 4 blue, 1 green, 9 red
    Game 4: 2 red, 10 green, 5 blue; 11 blue, 4 green; 6 green, 7 blue, 2 red; 4 blue, 9 green; 6 green, 1 red, 5 blue
    Game 5: 10 green, 5 blue, 5 red; 10 blue, 13 green; 2 red, 12 blue; 9 green, 9 red
    Game 6: 2 red, 3 green; 1 blue, 15 red, 2 green; 1 green, 7 red
    Game 7: 16 blue, 4 green, 9 red; 6 red, 2 blue, 12 green; 2 red, 5 green, 14 blue; 11 blue, 13 red; 10 blue, 3 red, 17 green; 1 green, 12 blue
    Game 8: 14 red, 12 green, 1 blue; 5 blue, 7 green, 12 red; 8 green, 1 red, 8 blue; 8 blue, 2 green, 15 red; 9 blue, 12 red, 10 green; 4 blue, 15 red, 1 green
    Game 9: 2 red, 7 green, 5 blue; 1 red, 5 blue, 13 green; 5 blue
    Game 10: 4 red, 1 green, 4 blue; 7 green, 8 blue, 4 red; 9 green, 3 red, 8 blue; 5 red, 2 green, 7 blue
    Game 11: 4 green, 1 blue, 1 red; 3 green, 3 red, 1 blue; 3 green, 1 red, 1 blue
    Game 12: 7 red, 6 green, 12 blue; 6 blue, 8 green, 3 red; 12 green, 5 blue, 4 red; 3 red, 16 blue, 8 green; 12 red, 11 green, 6 blue
    Game 13: 2 green, 5 red, 12 blue; 8 green, 12 red, 4 blue; 6 blue, 7 green, 13 red
    Game 14: 1 blue, 7 green, 5 red; 1 blue, 8 green, 6 red; 3 green, 1 blue, 4 red
    Game 15: 11 red, 8 blue, 1 green; 11 red, 1 green; 3 green, 8 red, 2 blue; 4 blue, 11 red, 1 green; 5 blue, 5 red, 2 green
    Game 16: 18 green, 4 blue, 2 red; 5 blue, 11 green, 10 red; 8 red, 2 blue, 14 green; 8 red, 7 blue, 1 green; 3 red, 5 blue, 17 green; 6 blue, 5 green, 11 red
    Game 17: 3 blue, 3 red, 7 green; 4 blue, 1 red, 2 green; 5 blue, 3 green, 3 red
    Game 18: 2 blue, 2 red, 1 green; 4 blue, 2 red, 7 green; 10 blue, 4 red, 3 green; 5 blue, 3 red, 2 green; 4 green, 3 red, 4 blue; 3 green, 5 red, 5 blue
    Game 19: 2 red, 1 green, 1 blue; 8 red, 8 blue, 10 green; 16 green, 5 blue, 2 red; 4 red, 9 green
    Game 20: 12 red, 1 blue, 1 green; 4 blue, 2 green, 2 red; 3 blue; 5 red, 8 green; 14 red, 4 blue, 6 green
    Game 21: 9 red, 7 green, 1 blue; 5 green, 17 red, 11 blue; 14 red, 7 blue, 10 green; 7 green, 7 red, 10 blue; 6 blue, 6 green, 17 red; 16 red, 13 green, 7 blue
    Game 22: 4 blue, 1 red; 1 green, 8 blue; 1 green; 6 blue, 1 red
    Game 23: 13 red, 7 blue, 1 green; 4 green, 2 blue, 7 red; 4 green, 10 blue, 12 red
    Game 24: 9 green, 10 blue; 2 blue, 4 green, 4 red; 9 green, 1 red, 9 blue; 4 green, 5 red, 12 blue
    Game 25: 4 red, 1 green; 10 green, 6 red, 4 blue; 4 red, 1 blue, 7 green; 10 green, 3 red, 7 blue
    Game 26: 8 red, 1 green, 2 blue; 5 green, 5 red; 6 green, 19 red; 11 red, 2 blue, 8 green; 13 red, 2 blue, 5 green; 15 red, 2 blue, 10 green
    Game 27: 17 blue, 1 green; 2 red, 12 blue, 11 green; 16 green, 16 blue; 18 green, 4 blue; 10 blue, 1 red, 8 green
    Game 28: 5 red, 1 green, 1 blue; 3 blue, 8 green, 4 red; 6 green, 2 red, 2 blue
    Game 29: 3 green, 12 red, 11 blue; 2 green, 15 red, 8 blue; 13 red, 4 green; 17 red, 9 blue, 5 green
    Game 30: 10 green; 4 blue, 1 green; 2 blue, 2 red, 7 green; 5 green, 4 blue, 1 red; 4 red, 10 green, 1 blue
    Game 31: 15 blue, 2 red; 17 blue, 2 green; 19 blue, 6 red
    Game 32: 1 green, 7 red; 8 red, 1 blue; 5 red, 1 blue, 11 green; 3 blue, 17 red
    Game 33: 11 red, 9 green, 1 blue; 3 green, 8 blue; 10 red, 4 green, 8 blue; 6 red, 9 blue, 17 green; 15 green, 10 red, 4 blue; 1 red, 2 blue, 7 green
    Game 34: 13 red, 6 green; 6 red, 14 green, 2 blue; 3 red, 19 green; 9 green, 9 red
    Game 35: 7 green, 3 red; 12 green, 7 blue; 13 green, 7 red, 6 blue; 3 blue, 12 red
    Game 36: 6 blue, 11 green, 14 red; 3 blue, 12 green, 4 red; 18 red, 1 blue; 7 red, 9 green, 6 blue
    Game 37: 3 red, 16 blue, 6 green; 2 green, 7 blue; 8 blue, 3 red
    Game 38: 16 blue, 3 green, 14 red; 8 red, 15 blue; 17 red, 15 blue, 4 green; 1 green, 11 blue, 17 red; 3 green, 10 blue, 17 red
    Game 39: 1 green, 2 red, 5 blue; 12 blue, 12 green; 3 blue, 1 red
    Game 40: 1 red, 2 blue, 1 green; 7 green, 1 red, 6 blue; 8 blue, 1 red, 6 green; 12 blue, 1 red, 3 green; 4 green, 8 blue
    Game 41: 2 red, 2 blue, 5 green; 5 red, 8 blue; 4 green, 4 blue; 1 red, 11 blue
    Game 42: 1 red, 3 green, 13 blue; 13 blue, 7 green; 13 green; 1 red, 3 blue, 4 green; 13 blue, 7 green
    Game 43: 3 red, 4 green; 7 red, 11 blue, 3 green; 3 green, 12 red, 7 blue; 9 blue, 5 green
    Game 44: 4 blue, 9 red, 2 green; 10 blue, 5 red, 2 green; 9 red, 9 blue, 1 green; 8 blue, 2 green, 14 red; 3 blue, 3 green, 6 red; 4 blue, 3 green, 14 red
    Game 45: 1 red, 2 green, 2 blue; 2 green, 1 red; 1 green, 2 blue; 1 green, 1 red, 2 blue; 2 red, 2 blue, 1 green
    Game 46: 1 green, 3 red, 3 blue; 6 green, 2 blue, 4 red; 1 green, 3 blue, 1 red; 3 green, 1 blue, 5 red; 6 green; 1 red, 1 green, 2 blue
    Game 47: 18 green, 1 red, 7 blue; 6 blue, 19 green, 1 red; 5 blue, 7 green, 1 red; 1 red, 5 blue, 16 green; 15 green, 3 blue
    Game 48: 4 green, 8 blue, 8 red; 13 green, 5 red, 12 blue; 9 red, 6 blue, 10 green; 18 green, 3 blue, 4 red; 2 blue, 9 red, 8 green
    Game 49: 9 blue, 5 red, 9 green; 5 blue, 11 green, 5 red; 12 green, 6 blue
    Game 50: 13 red, 8 green, 3 blue; 2 red, 11 green, 3 blue; 16 red, 7 green; 3 blue, 11 green, 15 red; 10 red, 2 blue, 5 green; 7 green, 2 blue, 4 red
    Game 51: 2 red, 1 green, 3 blue; 2 green, 11 red, 17 blue; 2 red, 3 green, 6 blue; 4 red, 3 green, 6 blue; 13 red, 12 blue
    Game 52: 1 blue, 5 green; 20 green, 6 blue; 9 blue, 6 green; 11 green, 1 red; 1 green, 1 red, 1 blue
    Game 53: 8 red, 6 blue; 6 blue, 6 red, 2 green; 5 blue, 2 green, 3 red; 3 green, 3 blue; 4 green, 5 red, 1 blue
    Game 54: 4 blue, 1 red, 3 green; 4 green, 10 blue, 9 red; 7 red, 3 blue, 3 green; 9 green, 9 red, 1 blue; 9 blue, 6 red, 7 green; 6 blue, 7 green, 9 red
    Game 55: 15 red, 1 blue, 6 green; 11 blue, 3 red; 9 blue, 3 red, 1 green
    Game 56: 8 green, 8 red, 9 blue; 8 red, 8 green, 1 blue; 7 red, 10 green, 4 blue; 10 blue, 2 green, 9 red
    Game 57: 10 red, 3 green, 2 blue; 1 red, 4 green; 7 red, 1 green, 3 blue; 12 red, 4 blue; 14 red, 5 green, 4 blue
    Game 58: 8 green, 3 blue, 7 red; 7 red, 14 blue, 5 green; 3 green, 7 red; 16 blue, 15 green; 1 red, 10 blue
    Game 59: 3 red, 13 green, 2 blue; 10 blue, 3 green, 6 red; 3 green, 2 blue; 7 green, 2 blue, 7 red; 17 green, 6 blue, 15 red
    Game 60: 2 blue, 2 red, 6 green; 11 green, 1 blue, 2 red; 1 blue, 9 green; 1 red, 4 green, 2 blue; 1 red, 2 blue, 10 green
    Game 61: 3 red, 12 blue, 1 green; 3 red, 1 green, 18 blue; 5 blue, 2 red
    Game 62: 4 red, 3 blue, 8 green; 2 blue, 8 red, 9 green; 8 blue, 15 green, 1 red
    Game 63: 14 green, 2 red, 1 blue; 7 green, 11 blue, 1 red; 7 blue, 3 red; 4 green, 10 blue, 3 red
    Game 64: 8 blue, 18 green, 2 red; 3 red, 17 green; 7 green, 1 red, 12 blue; 15 green, 2 red, 4 blue; 7 green, 8 red, 13 blue
    Game 65: 6 blue, 5 green, 2 red; 1 red, 4 green; 5 green, 1 blue; 6 blue, 3 red, 2 green; 4 blue, 5 green
    Game 66: 11 red, 9 blue, 4 green; 8 red, 8 blue; 9 red, 7 blue; 1 blue, 12 green, 4 red; 2 red, 11 blue, 10 green
    Game 67: 1 red, 4 blue, 1 green; 7 red, 1 blue; 3 green, 4 blue, 6 red; 6 green, 3 blue, 14 red; 11 red, 1 blue, 1 green; 4 green, 8 red
    Game 68: 3 red, 1 green, 2 blue; 1 red, 9 blue; 2 red, 1 green
    Game 69: 3 green, 2 blue, 2 red; 1 red, 6 green; 13 red, 2 blue, 4 green; 4 blue, 13 red, 6 green; 12 red, 2 blue
    Game 70: 15 blue, 2 green, 7 red; 3 red, 14 blue; 6 blue, 1 green; 1 red, 2 green, 4 blue; 2 green, 13 red; 12 blue, 3 red
    Game 71: 7 red, 3 blue; 1 red, 4 blue; 2 red, 5 green, 1 blue; 6 blue, 8 red, 1 green; 3 green, 7 blue, 8 red
    Game 72: 7 green; 4 green, 2 red, 8 blue; 1 blue, 5 green
    Game 73: 5 red, 5 green, 2 blue; 8 red, 1 blue, 8 green; 1 red, 3 blue, 7 green
    Game 74: 17 green, 9 blue, 4 red; 20 green, 2 red, 7 blue; 7 blue, 2 green, 4 red; 2 blue, 5 red, 20 green; 1 blue, 1 red, 12 green; 19 green, 9 blue, 3 red
    Game 75: 1 red, 8 green, 9 blue; 7 blue, 3 green, 1 red; 2 green, 1 red, 9 blue; 5 blue, 1 red, 8 green; 2 green, 1 red, 11 blue; 5 green, 1 red
    Game 76: 3 blue, 16 green, 2 red; 10 green, 3 blue, 1 red; 6 blue, 14 red, 13 green; 7 red, 2 green, 13 blue
    Game 77: 7 red, 14 green; 1 blue, 1 red; 4 red, 1 green; 7 green, 11 red
    Game 78: 1 red, 19 green; 10 green, 14 red, 1 blue; 3 green, 3 blue, 11 red; 7 blue, 1 green; 15 red, 3 green, 4 blue
    Game 79: 7 red, 7 green, 6 blue; 3 red, 7 green, 5 blue; 7 red, 8 green, 12 blue
    Game 80: 15 red, 6 blue; 1 red, 5 green, 2 blue; 1 green, 3 blue
    Game 81: 3 red, 7 blue, 7 green; 7 green, 2 blue, 4 red; 3 green, 5 blue; 9 blue, 3 red, 6 green; 6 green, 1 red, 3 blue; 8 blue, 2 green, 1 red
    Game 82: 5 red, 13 green; 3 blue, 13 green; 6 blue, 4 red, 10 green; 5 red, 1 green, 4 blue; 1 blue, 8 red; 4 red, 5 green
    Game 83: 17 red, 1 blue, 2 green; 3 green, 3 red, 2 blue; 1 red, 5 blue, 10 green; 4 blue, 9 red, 11 green
    Game 84: 13 green, 14 red, 12 blue; 14 blue, 2 red, 1 green; 4 blue, 8 red
    Game 85: 3 red, 1 blue; 6 red, 3 blue, 2 green; 5 green, 3 blue, 3 red; 3 green, 5 blue, 1 red; 1 blue, 12 red, 2 green
    Game 86: 16 blue, 17 green, 7 red; 14 blue, 13 green; 18 blue, 8 green
    Game 87: 1 blue, 1 red; 4 blue, 1 green, 4 red; 1 green, 16 red; 1 green, 12 red, 1 blue
    Game 88: 1 red, 6 green; 3 red, 2 blue, 19 green; 11 green, 2 red; 5 blue, 5 green; 5 blue, 9 green, 1 red; 2 blue, 2 red, 4 green
    Game 89: 4 green, 11 red; 8 blue, 14 red; 14 blue, 8 green, 9 red; 14 green, 15 red, 10 blue
    Game 90: 8 green, 2 red, 1 blue; 11 green, 4 blue, 2 red; 7 green, 2 blue; 13 green, 1 red
    Game 91: 1 blue, 3 green; 1 blue; 4 green, 1 blue, 1 red; 1 blue, 2 red; 1 green, 2 red; 2 red, 5 green, 2 blue
    Game 92: 16 red, 4 green, 5 blue; 9 blue, 13 green, 5 red; 13 red, 11 green, 7 blue; 11 red, 8 green, 2 blue
    Game 93: 4 blue, 3 red, 3 green; 4 blue, 2 red, 1 green; 1 green, 2 red, 2 blue; 1 green, 2 red, 2 blue; 4 green, 1 blue
    Game 94: 8 blue, 11 red, 7 green; 8 red, 6 green; 15 blue, 11 green, 2 red; 9 green, 6 red; 16 blue, 5 red, 7 green
    Game 95: 13 blue, 1 red, 10 green; 11 green, 9 blue; 6 blue
    Game 96: 1 green, 6 red; 1 red; 12 red, 1 green; 6 red, 1 blue
    Game 97: 1 red, 9 blue, 8 green; 2 green, 6 blue, 1 red; 6 green, 1 blue
    Game 98: 9 blue, 7 green, 8 red; 6 red, 11 blue, 4 green; 11 green, 9 blue, 15 red; 11 red, 6 blue, 16 green
    Game 99: 2 blue, 1 red, 9 green; 8 red, 1 blue, 1 green; 2 red, 7 green, 8 blue; 1 red, 5 green, 7 blue; 7 blue, 10 green, 9 red; 1 green, 1 blue, 1 red
    Game 100: 3 blue, 6 red, 9 green; 4 red, 3 green; 4 green, 16 red, 1 blue; 14 blue, 1 green
""".trimIndent()

/**
 * Represents a color, that a cube could be.
 */
enum class Color {
    RED,
    GREEN,
    BLUE;

    companion object {
        fun fromString(input: String) = when (input) {
            "red" -> RED
            "green" -> GREEN
            "blue" -> BLUE
            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Input doesn't match any color.")
        }
    }
}

data class GameSet(
    val amountRed: Int,
    val amountGreen: Int,
    val amountBlue: Int
) {
    companion object {
        fun fromStringRepresentation(string: String): GameSet {
            /*
             * Strings can only be of the following form:
             * `[amountRed], [amountBlue], [amountGreen]`
             * These elements can be in any order and are optional. (Although at least 1 is present.)
             * They have the following structure: `[amount] [red|green|blue]`
             */
            val splitString = string.split(", ")
            val colors = splitString.associate {
                val splitElement = it.split(" ")
                Color.fromString(splitElement.last()) to splitElement.first().toInt()
            }

            return GameSet(
                colors[Color.RED] ?: 0,
                colors[Color.GREEN] ?:0,
                colors[Color.BLUE] ?: 0
            )
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Represents a "game". For further clarifications, please refer to [this site](https://adventofcode.com/2023/day/2)
 */
data class Game(
    val id: Int,
    val sets: List<GameSet>,
    val redRequired: Int,
    val greenRequired: Int,
    val blueRequired: Int
) {
    companion object {
        /**
         *  Constructs a game based input, Strings will (given the limited selection of possible inputs) always have the
         *  following pattern:
         * `Game \[ID]: \[set1]; \[set3]; [...]`
         */
        fun fromStringRepresentation(string: String): Game {
            val splitString = string.split(": ")
            val gameID = splitString.first().split(" ").last().toInt()

            var maxRed = 0
            var maxGreen = 0
            var maxBlue = 0

            val sets = splitString.last().split("; ").map { setRepresentation ->
                GameSet.fromStringRepresentation(setRepresentation).also {
                    if (it.amountRed > maxRed) maxRed = it.amountRed
                    if (it.amountGreen > maxGreen) maxGreen = it.amountGreen
                    if (it.amountBlue > maxBlue) maxBlue = it.amountBlue
                }
            }

            return Game(gameID, sets, maxRed, maxGreen, maxBlue)
        }
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the "power" of the game. It is defined as the amount of required color cubes multiplied together.
     *
     * @return [redRequired] * [greenRequired] * [blueRequired]
     */
    fun power() = redRequired * greenRequired * blueRequired

    /**
     * A game is considered possible, if the amount of required cubes is less or equal to the given amounts per colour.
     *
     * @param maxRedAllowed The maximum amount of allowed red cubes.
     * @param maxGreenAllowed The maximum amount of allowed green cubes.
     * @param maxBlueAllowed The maximum amount of allowed blue cubes.
     *
     * @return Whether the game is possible.
     */
    fun isPossible(maxRedAllowed: Int, maxGreenAllowed: Int, maxBlueAllowed: Int): Boolean =
        redRequired <= maxRedAllowed && greenRequired <= maxGreenAllowed && blueRequired <= maxBlueAllowed
}

fun extractGamesFromInput(input: String) = input.lines().map {
    Game.fromStringRepresentation(it)
}

/**
 * Calculates the answer to problem 1.
 *
 * @param gameList The list of played games
 * @param maxRed The amount of available red cubes
 * @param maxGreen The amount of available green cubes
 * @param maxBlue The amount of available blue cubes
 *
 * @return The sum of the ids of the possible games
 */
fun calculateFirstProblem(gameList: List<Game>, maxRed: Int, maxGreen: Int, maxBlue: Int) =
    gameList.fold(0) { currentSum, game ->
        val isPossible = game.isPossible(maxRed, maxGreen, maxBlue)
        val toAdd = game.id.takeIf { isPossible } ?: 0
        currentSum + toAdd
    }

/**
 * Calculates the answer to problem 2.
 *
 * @param gameList The list of all the games
 *
 * @return The sum of their powers.
 */
fun calculateSecondProblem(gameList: List<Game>) =
    gameList.fold(0) { currentSum, game ->
        currentSum + game.power()
    }

/**
 * Output the answers to the problems stated on [this site](https://adventofcode.com/2023/day/2) from the "Advent of
 * code".
 */
fun main() {
    val games = extractGamesFromInput(input)

    val redInBag = 12
    val greenInBag = 13
    val blueInBag = 14
    println("Answer to problem 1 is: ${calculateFirstProblem(games, redInBag, greenInBag, blueInBag)}")

    println("Answer to problem 2 is: ${calculateSecondProblem(games)}")
}

main()