Individual URI-path with realurl in TYPO3. In the following example we need to have paths like /lastname.firstname for a detailview on contacts. And of course we don't want to have redirects. Thinking of a configuration in realurl that uses /folder1/folder2/Action/lastname.firstname that will be extended with the classes below.

ext_localconf.php

<?php
if (!defined('TYPO3_MODE')) {
    die('Access denied.');
}

call_user_func(function () {
    $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXTCONF']['realurl']['encodeSpURL_postProc'][] =
        'EXT:extkey/Classes/Hooks/RealurlEncoding.php:In2code\Extkey\Hooks\RealurlEncoding->convert';
    $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXTCONF']['realurl']['decodeSpURL_preProc'][] =
        'EXT:extkey/Classes/Hooks/RealurlDecoding.php:In2code\Extkey\Hooks\RealurlDecoding->convert';
});

RealurlDecoding.php

<?php
namespace In2code\Extkey\Hooks;

/**
 * Class RealurlDecoding
 */
class RealurlDecoding
{

    /**
     * @param array $parameter
     * @return void
     */
    public function convert(array &$parameter)
    {
        if ($this->isDetailLink($parameter)) {
            $newUrl = $this->getSpeakingUrlFromWebShortage($parameter['URL']);
            if ($newUrl !== '') {
                $parameter['URL'] = $newUrl;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check if uri is just something like "lastname.firstname"
     *
     * @param array $parameter
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isDetailLink(array $parameter): bool
    {
        return preg_replace('~([a-z\-]+\.[a-z\-]+)~', '', $parameter['URL']) === '';
    }

    /**
     * Get speaking url from database from webshortage + prepending "/"
     * @param string $webShortage
     * @return string
     */
    protected function getSpeakingUrlFromWebShortage(string $webShortage): string
    {
        $row = (array)$GLOBALS['TYPO3_DB']->exec_SELECTgetSingleRow(
            'speaking_url',
            'tx_realurl_urldata',
            'speaking_url like "%' . $webShortage . '%" and (expire = 0 or expire > ' . time() . ')'
        );
        if (!empty($row['speaking_url'])) {
            return '/' . $row['speaking_url'];
        }
        return '';
    }
}

RealurlEncoding.php

<?php
namespace In2code\Extkey\Hooks;

use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;

/**
 * Class RealurlEncoding
 */
class RealurlEncoding
{

    /**
     * @param array $parameter
     * @return void
     */
    public function convert(array &$parameter)
    {
        if ($this->isDetailLink($parameter)) {
            $parameter['URL'] = $this->getWebShortageFromUri($parameter['URL']);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check if there is the need of building a link with &tx_extkey_pi1[action]=detail
     *
     * @param array $parameter
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isDetailLink(array $parameter): bool
    {
        return !empty($parameter['params']['args']['addParams'])
            && stristr($parameter['params']['args']['addParams'], '&tx_extkey_pi1[action]=detail');
    }

    /**
     * Get last folder from path
     *      "/folder1/folder2/lastname.firstname/" => "lastname.firstname"
     *
     * @param string $uri
     * @return string
     */
    protected function getWebShortageFromUri(string $uri): string
    {
        $parts = GeneralUtility::trimExplode('/', $uri, true);
        return end($parts);
    }
}

bonus if you use the querybuilder ;-) but this is nice. Better than modify realurl_conf

Yes, you're right. Something like https://gist.github.com/einpraegsam/5214a4eb3b9ef6b932fbf92d43400986#file-selectexample1-php instead of using $GLOBALS['TYPO3_DB']->exec_SELECTgetSingleRow(). This will not be possible in TYPO3 9 any more.