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April 16, 2016 18:21
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Diceware.py
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# coding: utf-8 | |
#!/usr/bin/env python | |
"""Diceware passphrase generator | |
Diceware passphrase generator generates passphrases by reading random | |
data from the operating system random number generator and using it to | |
index the Diceware word list, supplied by user or automatically | |
downloaded from the Diceware web page. For more information on | |
Diceware, see the Diceware web page: | |
http://world.std.com/~reinhold/diceware.html | |
""" | |
__license__ = """ | |
Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Petri Lehtinen <petri@digip.org> | |
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person | |
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files | |
(the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, | |
including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, | |
publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, | |
and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, | |
subject to the following conditions: | |
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be | |
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. | |
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, | |
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF | |
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND | |
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS | |
BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN | |
ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN | |
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE | |
SOFTWARE. | |
""" | |
from math import log, ceil | |
from optparse import OptionParser | |
from ConfigParser import SafeConfigParser, NoOptionError, NoSectionError | |
from random import SystemRandom | |
import sys | |
import os | |
import os.path | |
import urllib | |
SPECIAL_CHARS = "~!#$%^&*()-=+[]\{}:;\"'<>?/0123456789" | |
WORD_LIST_URLS = { | |
"en": "http://world.std.com/~reinhold/diceware.wordlist.asc", | |
"fi": "http://users.ics.aalto.fi/kaip/noppaware/noppaware.txt", | |
"it": "https://raw.github.com/taringamberini/diceware_word_list_it-IT/" | |
"master/diceware/wordlist/word_list_diceware_it-IT-1.0.11.txt", | |
"se": "http://x42.com/diceware/diceware-sv.txt", | |
"tr": "http://dicewaretr.110mb.com/diceware_tr.txt", | |
"nl": "http://theworld.com/~reinhold/DicewareDutch.txt", | |
} | |
def generate_grid(word_list, words=5, specials=0): | |
longest_word_length = 0 | |
result = [] | |
for _ in range(words): | |
word_row, with_specials = generate(word_list, words, specials) | |
if specials: | |
result.append(with_specials) | |
else: | |
result.append(word_row) | |
# Assume word_row and with_specials contain equal length words | |
long_word_length = max(len(x) for x in word_row) | |
longest_word_length = max(long_word_length, longest_word_length) | |
return result, longest_word_length | |
def generate(word_list, words=5, specials=0): | |
rnd = SystemRandom() | |
words = [ rnd.choice(word_list) for _ in range(words) ] | |
# Insert at most options.special special characters. This is not | |
# exactly the procedure described in the Diceware web page, because | |
# this handles the case where there are more than 6 words in the | |
# passphrase and more than 6 characters in the word. | |
if specials: | |
split_words = [ map(None, x) for x in words ] | |
for _ in range(specials): | |
# i is the index of the word in which the special character | |
# replacement takes place. | |
i = rnd.randrange(len(split_words)) | |
# j is the index of the character to be replaced with a special | |
# character. | |
j = rnd.randrange(len(split_words[i])) | |
# k is the index of the special character | |
k = rnd.randrange(len(SPECIAL_CHARS)) | |
# Split to individual characters, replace the k'th char, unsplit | |
split_words[i][j] = SPECIAL_CHARS[k] | |
with_specials = [ "".join(x) for x in split_words ] | |
else: | |
with_specials = words | |
return words, with_specials | |
def read_word_list(fobj): | |
# Read the word list skipping lines which do not start with 5 digits | |
# and a white space character and removing the 5 digits | |
word_list = [ line[6:].strip() for line in fobj | |
if line[0:5].isdigit() and line[5].isspace() ] | |
# A valid Diceware word list has exactly 6**5 = 7776 words | |
if len(word_list) != 7776: | |
raise ValueError("invalid word list format") | |
return word_list | |
def get_word_list(cache_dir, lang="en"): | |
assert lang in WORD_LIST_URLS.keys() | |
# Read the cached word list | |
word_list_path = os.path.join(cache_dir, lang) | |
try: | |
fobj = open(word_list_path) | |
except IOError: | |
# The word list does not exist => cache it | |
word_list_url = WORD_LIST_URLS[lang] | |
urllib.urlretrieve(word_list_url, word_list_path) | |
fobj = open(word_list_path) | |
return read_word_list(fobj) | |
def main(): | |
def ensure_dir(path): | |
"""Ensure that path is a directory creating it if necessary. | |
If path already exists and is not a directory, print an error | |
message and quit with sys.exit(). | |
Parameters: | |
path String specifying the path to ensure | |
Return value: | |
path | |
""" | |
if not os.path.exists(path): | |
os.makedirs(path) | |
elif not os.path.isdir(path): | |
print("error: '%s' is not a directory" % path) | |
sys.exit(1) | |
return path | |
def config_default(config, section, option, default): | |
"""Set default values for options that do not have a value.""" | |
try: | |
config.get(section, option) | |
except NoSectionError: | |
config.add_section(section) | |
config.set(section, option, default) | |
except NoOptionError: | |
config.set(section, option, default) | |
config_dir = ensure_dir(os.path.expanduser("~/.diceware.py")) | |
cache_dir = ensure_dir(os.path.join(config_dir, "cache")) | |
# Parse config file | |
config_file = os.path.join(config_dir, "config") | |
config = SafeConfigParser() | |
config.read(config_file) | |
config_default(config, "defaults", "lang", "en") | |
config_default(config, "defaults", "words", "5") | |
config_default(config, "defaults", "special", "0") | |
config_default(config, "defaults", "file", "") | |
config_default(config, "defaults", "separator", " ") | |
# Sanity checks for config options | |
if config.get("defaults", "lang") not in WORD_LIST_URLS.keys(): | |
print("error: '%s' is not a valid value for option 'lang'" | |
% config.get("defaults", "lang")) | |
sys.exit(1) | |
try: | |
config.getint("defaults", "words") | |
config.getint("defaults", "special") | |
except ValueError: | |
print("error: 'words' and 'special' options must have integer values") | |
sys.exit(1) | |
# Parse command line arguments | |
parser = OptionParser() | |
parser.add_option("-g", "--grid", dest="grid", action="store_true", | |
help="Instead of a single line, generate NxN grid of "+ | |
"words. This makes eavesdropping harder") | |
parser.add_option("-n", "--words", dest="words", type="int", metavar="N", | |
help="generate N words (default: %default)", | |
default=config.getint("defaults", "words")) | |
parser.add_option("-s", "--special", dest="special", type="int", metavar="M", | |
help="insert M special characters (default: %default)", | |
default=config.getint("defaults", "special")) | |
parser.add_option("-f", "--file", dest="file", metavar="FILE", | |
help="override the `lang' option and read the word list " + | |
"from FILE", default=config.get("defaults", "file")) | |
parser.add_option("-p", "--separator", dest="separator", type="string", metavar="P", | |
help="specify the separator between words (default: %default)", | |
default=config.get("defaults", "separator")) | |
linguas = sorted(WORD_LIST_URLS.keys()) | |
parser.add_option("-l", "--lang", dest="lang", metavar="LANG", | |
type="choice", choices=linguas, | |
help="use the word list for LANG (" + ", ".join(linguas) + | |
") (default: %default)", default=config.get("defaults", "lang")) | |
options, args = parser.parse_args() | |
if args or options.words < 1 or options.special < 0: | |
parser.print_help() | |
sys.exit(0) | |
parser.destroy() | |
# --file has higher precedence than --lang | |
if options.file: | |
try: | |
fobj = open(options.file) | |
except IOError: | |
print("error: unable to open word list file '%s'" % options.file) | |
sys.exit(1) | |
try: | |
word_list = read_word_list(fobj) | |
except ValueError, e: | |
print("error: %s" % e) | |
sys.exit(1) | |
else: | |
word_list = get_word_list(cache_dir, options.lang) | |
if not options.grid: | |
words, with_specials = generate(word_list, options.words, | |
options.special) | |
print("passphrase : %s" % options.separator.join(words)) | |
if options.special > 0: | |
print("with specials: %s" % options.separator.join(with_specials)) | |
else: | |
words, length = generate_grid(word_list, options.words, | |
options.special) | |
for word_row in words: | |
print " ".join([word.ljust(length) for word in word_row]) | |
if __name__ == "__main__": | |
main() |
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