Hopital General: A historical French hospital, established in the 17th century, initially serving as a general hospital and later as a psychiatric institution.
Saint-Lazare: Originally a leprosy hospital in Paris, it evolved into a prison and psychiatric hospital, known for its confinement of the mentally ill.
Bicetre: A Parisian hospital with a diverse history, functioning as a military hospital, asylum, and prison, known for its treatment of mental illness.
La Salpetriere: A prominent Parisian hospital, originally a gunpowder factory, which became a large asylum for women with mental disorders in the 17th century.