Adding fields to the WordPress post submit box

add_action.php

add_action('post_submitbox_misc_actions', createCustomField);
add_action('save_post', saveCustomField);

createCustomField.php

function createCustomField()
{
    $post_id = get_the_ID();
  
    if (get_post_type($post_id) != 'post') {
        return;
    }
  
    $value = get_post_meta($post_id, '_my_custom_field', true);
    wp_nonce_field('my_custom_nonce_'.$post_id, 'my_custom_nonce');
    ?>
    <div class="misc-pub-section misc-pub-section-last">
        <label><input type="checkbox" value="1" <?php checked($value, true, true); ?> name="_my_custom_field" /><?php _e('My Custom Checkbox Field', 'pmg'); ?></label>
    </div>
    <?php
}

saveCustomField.php

function saveCustomField($post_id)
{
    if (defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE') && DOING_AUTOSAVE) {
        return;
    }
    
    if (
        !isset($_POST['my_custom_nonce']) ||
        !wp_verify_nonce($_POST['my_custom_nonce'], 'my_custom_nonce_'.$post_id)
    ) {
        return;
    }
    
    if (!current_user_can('edit_post', $post_id)) {
        return;
    }
    if (isset($_POST['_my_custom_field'])) {
        update_post_meta($post_id, '_my_custom_field', $_POST['_my_custom_field']);
    } else {
        delete_post_meta($post_id, '_my_custom_field');
    }
}

I think something like this should work (using WP_Query as a reference)

$posts = get_posts([
    'post_type' => 'teamleden' ,
    'orderby' => 'date' ,
    'order' => 'DESC' ,
    'posts_per_page' => 4,
    'paged' => get_query_var('paged'),
    'post_parent' => $parent,
    'meta_key' => '_my_custom_field',
    'meta_value' => true
]);

This stackoverflow answer has more examples: https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/30970/using-get-posts-with-arguments-found-in-meta-keys

I don't recommend using $wpdb or writing custom queries since WordPress is already pretty flexible