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@enoch85
Forked from deviantintegral/backup-servername.sh
Last active September 24, 2022 16:42
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#!/bin/sh
#
# This script is used on a QNAP TS-269 PRO. https://www.en0ch.se/qnap-and-rsync/
#
# You have to change:
# 1. $SHAREUSR
# 2. $EXCLUDES (if you want o change the name of the file servername.excludes)
# 3. $SOURCE & $DESTINATION
# 4. user@yourserver.se for the mysqldump
# 5. --password=SUPERSECRET
TODAY=`date +"%Y%m%d"`
YESTERDAY=`date -d "1 day ago" +"%Y%m%d"`
OLDBACKUP=`date -d "2 days ago" +"%Y%m%d"`
# Set the path to rsync on the remote server so it runs with sudo.
RSYNC="/usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/rsync"
# Set the folderpath on the QNAP
# Dont't forget to mkdir $SHAREUSR
SHAREUSR="/share/CACHEDEV1_DATA/yourserver.se"
# This is a list of files to ignore from backups.
# Dont't forget to touch $EXCLUDES
EXCLUDES="$SHAREUSR/servername.excludes"
#LOG file
# Dont't forget to touch $LOG
LOG="$SHAREUSR/BACKUP_success.log"
# Remember that you will not be generating
# backups that are particularly large (other than the initial backup), but that
# you will be creating thousands of hardlinks on disk that will consume inodes.
# Source and Destination
SOURCE="user@yourserver.se:/folder-you-want-to-backup"
DESTINATION="$SHAREUSR/$TODAY/"
# Keep database backups in a separate directory.
mkdir -p $SHAREUSR/$TODAY/db
# This command rsync's files from the remote server to the local server.
# Flags:
# -z enables gzip compression of the transport stream.
# -e enables using ssh as the transport prototcol.
# -a preserves all file attributes and permissions.
# -x (or --one-file-system) Don’t cross filesystem boundaries
# -v shows the progress.
# --rsync-path lets us pass the remote rsync command through sudo.
# --exclude-from points to our configuration of files and directories to skip.
# --numeric-ids is needed if user ids don't match between the source and
# destination servers.
# --delete -r(ecursive) Deletes files from $DESTINATION that are not present on the $SOURCE
# --link-dest is a key flag. It tells the local rsync process that if the
# file on the server is identical to the file in ../$YESTERDAY, instead
# of transferring it create a hard link. You can use the "stat" command
# on a file to determine the number of hard links. Note that when
# calculating disk space, du includes disk space used for the first
# instance of a linked file it encounters. To properly determine the disk
# space used of a given backup, include both the backup and it's previous
# backup in your du command.
#
# The "rsync" user is a special user on the remote server that has permissions
# to run a specific rsync command. We limit it so that if the backup server is
# compromised it can't use rsync to overwrite remote files by setting a remote
# destination. I determined the sudo command to allow by running the backup
# with the rsync user granted permission to use any flags for rsync, and then
# copied the actual command run from ps auxww. With these options, under
# Ubuntu, the sudo line is:
#
# rsync ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rsync --server --sender -logDtprze.iLsf --numeric-ids . /
#
# Note the NOPASSWD option in the sudo configuration. For remote
# authentication use a password-less SSH key only allowed read permissions by
# the backup server's root user.
rsync -zavx -e 'ssh -p22' \
--rsync-path="$RSYNC" \
--exclude-from=$EXCLUDES \
--numeric-ids \
--delete -r \
--link-dest=../$YESTERDAY $SOURCE $DESTINATION
# Backup all databases. I backup all databases into a single file. It might be
# preferable to back up each database to a separate file. If you do that, I
# suggest adding a configuration file that is looped over with a bash for()
# loop.
ssh -p22 user@yourserver.se "mysqldump \
--user=root \
--password=SUPERSECRET \
--all-databases \
--lock-tables \
| bzip2" > $SHAREUSR/$TODAY/db/$TODAY.sql.bz2
# Un-hash this if you want to remove old backups (older than 2 days)
# rm -R $SHAREUSR/$OLDBACKUP
# Writes a log of successful updates
echo "BACKUP success-$TODAY" >> $LOG
# Clean exit
exit 0
/dev
/proc
/sys
/media
/mnt
/swapfile
/tmp
/run
/lost+found
/var/tmp
/var/lib/mysql/
@dhenzler
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I really like what I see with this backup. Can it be set up to use a USB drive sdc1 instead of SSH ? I think probably can. I'm trying to backup a NextCloud installation, and will do periodic backups. But initially want the whole thing OS and all... 350GB

Can you spare the time to show me what has to be changed?

@enoch85
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enoch85 commented Dec 5, 2018

@dhenzler Sorry, just saw this.

Yes it's possible. Please send me an email: https://www.hanssonit.se/#contact

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