docker run --name postgres -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=YOURSECRETPASS -d -v /your/db/path:/var/lib/postgresql/data postgres
then link other containers with this one
using systemd:
[Unit]
Description=Postgres container
Requires=docker.service
After=docker.service
[Service]
Restart=always
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker start -a postgres
ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker stop -t 2 postgres
[Install]
WantedBy=local.target