helper.php

<?php
function e($value, $doubleEncode = true) {
    return htmlspecialchars($value ?? '', ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', $doubleEncode);
}

function dd($var) {
    $backTrace = debug_backtrace();
    $file = $backTrace[0]['file'];
    $line = $backTrace[0]['line'];

    echo "<pre class='pretty-print'>Line $line in <br>$file: <br><br>";
    var_dump($var);
    echo "</pre>";
}