RSPEC

RSPEC

gem 'rspec-rails', group: [:development, :test]
gem 'capybara', group: [:test]
gem 'factory_girl_rails', group: [:test]
gem 'faker', group: [:test]

#Expectations for RSpec

https://github.com/rspec/rspec-expectations

#You can chain the two rake tasks together on your command line with

rake db:migrate db:test:clone

#Introdution
"
• Tests should be reliable.
• Tests should be easy to write.
• Tests should be easy to understand.
"


#Model specs

"
• First we’ll create a model spec for an existing model–in our case, the actual Contact model.
	• Then, we’ll write passing tests for a model’s validations, class, and instance methods, and
	organize our spec in the process.
	"

##Anatomy of a model spec

"
• The model’s create method, when passed valid attributes, should be valid.
• Data that fail validations should not be valid.
• Class and instance methods perform as expected.
"

##Testing validations

describe Contact do
	it "is invalid without a firstname" do
		expect(Contact.new(firstname: nil)).to have(1).errors_on(:firstname)
	end

	it "is invalid with a duplicate email address" do
		Contact.create(
			firstname: 'Joe', lastname: 'Tester',
			email: 'tester@example.com')
		contact = Contact.new(
			firstname: 'Jane', lastname: 'Tester',
			email: 'tester@example.com')
		expect(contact).to have(1).errors_on(:email)
	end

end

app/models/phone.rb

validates :phone, uniqueness: { scope: :contact_id }

describe Phone do
	it "does not allow duplicate phone numbers per contact" do
		contact = Contact.create(firstname: 'Joe', lastname: 'Tester',
			email: 'joetester@example.com')
		contact.phones.create(phone_type: 'home',
			phone: '785-555-1234')
		mobile_phone = contact.phones.build(phone_type: 'mobile',
			phone: '785-555-1234')

		expect(mobile_phone).to have(1).errors_on(:phone)
	end

	it "allows two contacts to share a phone number" do
		contact = Contact.create(firstname: 'Joe', lastname: 'Tester',
			email: 'joetester@example.com')
		contact.phones.create(phone_type: 'home',
			phone: '785-555-1234')
		other_contact = Contact.new
		other_phone = other_contact.phones.build(phone_type:
			'home', phone: '785-555-1234')
		expect(other_phone).to be_valid
	end
end


##Testing instance methods

app/models/contact.rb

def name
	[firstname, lastname].join(' ')
end

describe Contact do
	it "returns a contact's full name as a string" do
		contact = Contact.new(firstname: 'John', lastname: 'Doe',
			email: 'johndoe@example.com')
		expect(contact.name).to eq 'John Doe'
	end
end

## Testing class methods and scopes

app/models/contact.rb

def self.by_letter(letter)
	where("lastname LIKE ?", "#{letter}%").order(:lastname)
end


describe Contact do

	it "returns a sorted array of results that match" do
		smith = Contact.create(firstname: 'John', lastname: 'Smith',
			email: 'jsmith@example.com')
		jones = Contact.create(firstname: 'Tim', lastname: 'Jones',
			email: 'tjones@example.com')
		johnson = Contact.create(firstname: 'John', lastname: 'Johnson',
			email: 'jjohnson@example.com')

		expect(Contact.by_letter("J")).to eq [johnson, jones]
	end
end


#DRYer specs with describe, context, before and after

spec/models/contact_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe Contact do
	describe "filter last name by letter" do
	end
end

spec/models/contact_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe Contact do
	describe "filter last name by letter" do
		context "matching letters" do

		end

		context "non-matching letters" do

		end
	end
end

spec/models/contact_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe Contact do

	describe "filter last name by letter" do
		before :each do
			@smith = Contact.create(firstname: 'John', lastname: 'Smith',
				email: 'jsmith@example.com')
			@jones = Contact.create(firstname: 'Tim', lastname: 'Jones',
				email: 'tjones@example.com')
			@johnson = Contact.create(firstname: 'John', lastname: 'Johnson',
				email: 'jjohnson@example.com')
		end

		context "matching letters" do

		end

		context "non-matching letters" do

		end
	end
end

##### Code
spec/models/contact_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe Contact do
	it "is valid with a firstname, lastname and email" do
		contact = Contact.new(
			firstname: 'Aaron',
			lastname: 'Sumner',
			email: 'tester@example.com')
		expect(contact).to be_valid
	end
	
	it "is invalid without a firstname" do
		expect(Contact.new(firstname: nil)).to have(1).errors_on(:firstname)
	end
	
	it "is invalid without a lastname" do
		expect(Contact.new(lastname: nil)).to have(1).errors_on(:lastname)
	end
	
	it "is invalid without an email address" do
		expect(Contact.new(email: nil)).to have(1).errors_on(:email)
	end
	
	it "is invalid with a duplicate email address" do
		Contact.create(
			firstname: 'Joe', lastname: 'Tester',
			email: 'tester@example.com')
		contact = Contact.new(
			firstname: 'Jane', lastname: 'Tester',
			email: 'tester@example.com')
		expect(contact).to have(1).errors_on(:email)
	end
	
	it "returns a contact's full name as a string" do
		contact = Contact.new(firstname: 'John', lastname: 'Doe',
			email: 'johndoe@example.com')
		expect(contact.name).to eq 'John Doe'
	end
	
	describe "filter last name by letter" do
		before :each do
			@smith = Contact.create(firstname: 'John', lastname: 'Smith',
				email: 'jsmith@example.com')
			
			@jones = Contact.create(firstname: 'Tim', lastname: 'Jones',
				email: 'tjones@example.com')
			
			@johnson = Contact.create(firstname: 'John', lastname: 'Johnson',
				email:'jjohnson@example.com')
			
		end
		
		context "matching letters" do
			it "returns a sorted array of results that match" do
				expect(Contact.by_letter("J")).to eq [@johnson, @jones]
			end
		end
		
		context "non-matching letters" do
			it "returns a sorted array of results that match" do
				expect(Contact.by_letter("J")).to_not include @smith
			end
		end
	end
end

#####

###  Generating test data with factories

"
Enter factories: Simple, flexible, building blocks for test data. If I had to point to a single
component that helped me see the light toward testing more than anything else, it would
be Factory Girl18, an easy-to-use and easy-to-rely-on gem for creating test data without the
brittleness of fixtures.
"


spec/factories/contacts.rb

FactoryGirl.define do
	factory :contact do
		firstname "John"
		lastname "Doe"
		sequence(:email) { |n| "johndoe#{n}@example.com"}
	end
end

spec/models/contact_spec.rb

it "is invalid without a firstname" do
	contact = FactoryGirl.build(:contact, firstname: nil)
	expect(contact).to have(1).errors_on(:firstname)
end

it "is invalid without a lastname" do
	contact = FactoryGirl.build(:contact, lastname: nil)
	expect(contact).to have(1).errors_on(:lastname)
end

it "is invalid without an email address" do
	contact = FactoryGirl.build(:contact, email: nil)
	expect(contact).to have(1).errors_on(:email)
end

it "returns a contact's full name as a string" do
	contact = FactoryGirl.build(:contact,
		firstname: "Jane", lastname: "Doe")
	expect(contact.name).to eq "Jane Doe"
end

it "is invalid with a duplicate email address" do
	FactoryGirl.create(:contact, email: "aaron@example.com")
	contact = FactoryGirl.build(:contact, email: "aaron@example.com")
	expect(contact).to have(1).errors_on(:email)
end

#Simplifying our syntax

spec/spec_helper.rb

RSpec.configure do |config|
	config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods
end

require 'spec_helper'

describe Contact do
	it "has a valid factory" do
		expect(build(:contact)).to be_valid
	end

	it "is invalid without a firstname" do
		expect(build(:contact, firstname: nil)).to \
		have(1).errors_on(:firstname)
	end

	it "is invalid without a lastname" do
		expect(build(:contact, lastname: nil)).to \
		have(1).errors_on(:lastname)
	end

end

# Associations and inheritance in factories

spec/factories/phones.rb

FactoryGirl.define do
	factory :phone do
		association :contact
		phone { '123-555-1234' }
		phone_type 'home'
	end
end

spec/models/phone_spec.rb

it "allows two contacts to share a phone number" do
	create(:phone,
		phone_type: 'home',
		phone: "785-555-1234")
	expect(build(:phone,
		phone_type: 'home',
		phone: "785-555-1234")).to be_valid
end


spec/factories/phones.rb

FactoryGirl.define do
	factory :phone do
		association :contact
		phone { '123-555-1234' }

		factory :home_phone do
			phone_type 'home'
		end

		factory :work_phone do
			phone_type 'work'
		end

		factory :mobile_phone do
			phone_type 'mobile'
		end
	end
end

spec/models/phone_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe Phone do
	it "does not allow duplicate phone numbers per contact" do
		contact = create(:contact)
		create(:home_phone,
			contact: contact,
			phone: '785-555-1234')
		mobile_phone = build(:mobile_phone,
			contact: contact,
			phone: '785-555-1234')
		expect(mobile_phone).to have(1).errors_on(:phone)
	end

	it "allows two contacts to share a phone number" do
		create(:home_phone,
			phone: "785-555-1234")
		expect(build(:home_phone, phone: "785-555-1234")).to be_valid
	end
end

#Generating more realistic fake data

spec/factories/contacts.rb

require 'faker'

FactoryGirl.define do
	factory :contact do
		firstname { Faker::Name.first_name }
		lastname { Faker::Name.last_name }
		email { Faker::Internet.email }
	end
end

#Advanced associations

spec/factories/contacts.rb

require 'faker'

FactoryGirl.define do
	factory :contact do
		firstname { Faker::Name.first_name }
		lastname { Faker::Name.last_name }
		email { Faker::Internet.email }

		after(:build) do |contact|
			[:home_phone, :work_phone, :mobile_phone].each do |phone|
				contact.phones << FactoryGirl.build(:phone,
					phone_type: phone, contact: contact)
			end
		end
	end
end

spec/models/contact_spec.rb

it "has three phone numbers" do
	expect(create(:contact).phones.count).to eq 3
end



## Basic controller specs

"
.First, we’ll discuss why you should test controllers at all.
.We’ll follow that discussion with the very basics (or, controller specs are just unit specs).
.Next we’ll begin organizing controller specs in an outline-like format.
	.We’ll then use factories to set up data for specs.
	.Then we’ll test the seven CRUD methods included in most controllers, along with a non-CRUD example.
	.Next, we’ll look at testing nested routes.
	.We’ll wrap up with testing a controller method with non-HTML output, such as a file export.
	"


# Setting up test data

spec/factories/contacts.rb

require 'faker'

FactoryGirl.define do
	factory :contact do
		firstname { Faker::Name.first_name }
		lastname { Faker::Name.last_name }
		email { Faker::Internet.email }

		after(:build) do |contact|
			[:home_phone, :work_phone, :mobile_phone].each do |phone|
				contact.phones << FactoryGirl.build(:phone,
					phone_type: phone, contact: contact)
			end

		end

		factory :invalid_contact do
			firstname nil
		end
	end
end

# Testing GET requests

spec/controllers/contacts_controller_spec.rb

describe 'GET #show' do
	it "assigns the requested contact to @contact" do
		contact = create(:contact)
		get :show, id: contact
		expect(assigns(:contact)).to eq contact
	end

	it "renders the :show template" do
		contact = create(:contact)
		get :show, id: contact
		expect(response).to render_template :show
	end
end

"
• The basic DSL for interacting with controller methods: Each HTTP verb has its own
method (in these cases, get), which expects the controller method name as a symbol (here,
	:show), followed by any params (id: contact).

• Variables instantiated by the controller method can be evaluated using assigns(:variable_-
	name).

• The finished product returned from the controller method can be evaluated through
response.

"

spec/controllers/contacts_controller_spec.rb

describe 'GET #index' do
	context 'with params[:letter]' do
		it "populates an array of contacts starting with the letter" do
			smith = create(:contact, lastname: 'Smith')
			jones = create(:contact, lastname: 'Jones')
			get :index, letter: 'S'
			expect(assigns(:contacts)).to match_array([smith])
		end

		it "renders the :index template" do
			get :index, letter: 'S'
			expect(response).to render_template :index
		end
	end

	context 'without params[:letter]' do
		it "populates an array of all contacts" do
			smith = create(:contact, lastname: 'Smith')
			jones = create(:contact, lastname: 'Jones')
			get :index
			expect(assigns(:contacts)).to match_array([smith, jones])
		end

		it "renders the :index template" do
			get :index
			expect(response).to render_template :index
		end
	end
end

spec/controllers/contacts_controller_spec.rb

describe 'GET #new' do
	it "assigns a new Contact to @contact" do
		get :new
		expect(assigns(:contact)).to be_a_new(Contact)
	end

	it "renders the :new template" do
		get :new
		expect(response).to render_template :new
	end
end

describe 'GET #edit' do
	it "assigns the requested contact to @contact" do
		contact = create(:contact)
		get :edit, id: contact
		expect(assigns(:contact)).to eq contact
	end

	it "renders the :edit template" do
		contact = create(:contact)
		get :edit, id: contact
		expect(response).to render_template :edit
	end
end

# Testing POST requests

it "does something upon post#create" do
	post :create, contact: attributes_for(:contact)
end

spec/controllers/contacts_controller_spec.rb

describe "POST #create" do
	before :each do
		@phones = [
			attributes_for(:phone),
			attributes_for(:phone),
			attributes_for(:phone)
		]
	end

	context "with valid attributes" do
		it "saves the new contact in the database" do
			expect{
				post :create, contact: attributes_for(:contact,
					phones_attributes: @phones)
				}.to change(Contact, :count).by(1)
			end

			it "redirects to contacts#show" do
				post :create, contact: attributes_for(:contact,
					phones_attributes: @phones)
				expect(response).to redirect_to contact_path(assigns[:contact])
			end
		end
	end
end

spec/controllers/contacts_controller_spec.rb

context "with invalid attributes" do
	it "does not save the new contact in the database" do
		expect{
			post :create,
			contact: attributes_for(:invalid_contact)
			}.to_not change(Contact, :count)
		end

		it "re-renders the :new template" do
			post :create,
			contact: attributes_for(:invalid_contact)
			expect(response).to render_template :new
		end
	end
end

# Testing PATCH requests

spec/controllers/contacts_controller_spec.rb

describe 'PATCH #update' do
	before :each do
		@contact = create(:contact,
			firstname: 'Lawrence', lastname: 'Smith')
	end

	context "valid attributes" do
		it "locates the requested @contact" do
			patch :update, id: @contact, contact: attributes_for(:contact)
			expect(assigns(:contact)).to eq(@contact)
		end

		it "changes @contact's attributes" do
			patch :update, id: @contact,
			contact: attributes_for(:contact,
				firstname: "Larry", lastname: "Smith")
			@contact.reload
			expect(@contact.firstname).to eq("Larry")
			expect(@contact.lastname).to eq("Smith")
		end

		it "redirects to the updated contact" do
			patch :update, id: @contact, contact: attributes_for(:contact)
			expect(response).to redirect_to @contact
		end
	end
end


spec/controllers/contacts_controller_spec.rb

describe 'PATCH #update' do

	context "with invalid attributes" do
		it "does not change the contact's attributes" do
			patch :update, id: @contact,
			contact: attributes_for(:contact,
				firstname: "Larry", lastname: nil)
			@contact.reload
			expect(@contact.firstname).to_not eq("Larry")
			expect(@contact.lastname).to eq("Smith")
		end

		it "re-renders the edit template" do
			patch :update, id: @contact,
			contact: attributes_for(:invalid_contact)
			expect(response).to render_template :edit
		end
	end
end


# Testing DELETE requests

spec/controllers/contacts_controller_spec.rb

describe 'DELETE #destroy' do
	before :each do
		@contact = create(:contact)
	end

	it "deletes the contact" do
		expect{ delete :destroy, id: @contact}.to change(Contact,:count).by(-1)
	end

	it "redirects to contacts#index" do
		delete :destroy, id: @contact
		expect(response).to redirect_to contacts_url
	end
end


# Testing non-CRUD methods



describe "PATCH hide_contact" do
	before :each do
		@contact = create(:contact)
	end

	it "marks the contact as hidden" do
		patch :hide_contact, id: @contact
		expect(@contact.reload.hidden?).to be_true
	end

	it "redirects to contacts#index" do
		patch :hide_contact, id: @contact
		expect(response).to redirect_to contacts_url
	end
end



# Testing nested routes

config/routes.rb

resources :contacts do
	resources :phones
end

describe 'GET #show' do
	it "renders the :show template for the phone" do
		contact = create(:contact)
		phone = create(:phone, contact: contact)
		get :show, id: phone, contact_id: contact.id
		expect(response).to render_template :show
	end
end

# Testing non-HTML controller output


link_to 'Export', contacts_path(format: :csv)

def index
	@contacts = Contact.all
	respond_to do |format|
		format.html 
		format.csv do
			send_data Contact.to_csv(@contacts),
			type: 'text/csv; charset=iso-8859-1; header=present',
			disposition: 'attachment; filename=contacts.csv'
		end
	end
end



describe 'CSV output' do
	it "returns a CSV file" do
		get :index, format: :csv
		expect(response.headers['Content-Type']).to have_content 'text/csv'
	end

	it 'returns content' do
		create(:contact,
			firstname: 'Aaron',
			lastname: 'Sumner',
			email: 'aaron@sample.com')
		get :index, format: :csv
		expect(response.body).to have_content 'Aaron Sumner,aaron@sample.com'
	end

end

it "returns comma separated values" do
	create(:contact,
		firstname: 'Aaron',
		lastname: 'Sumner',
		email: 'aaron@sample.com')
	expect(Contact.to_csv).to match /Aaron Sumner,aaron@sample.com/
end

it "returns JSON-formatted content" do
	contact = create(:contact)
	get :index, format: :json
	expect(response.body).to have_content contact.to_json
end

# Advanced controller specs

spec/factories/users.rb

require 'faker'

FactoryGirl.define do
	factory :user do
		email { Faker::Internet.email }
		password 'secret'
		password_confirmation 'secret'

		factory :admin do
			admin true
		end
	end
end


spec/controllers/contacts_controller_spec.rb

describe "administrator access" do
	before :each do
		user = create(:admin)
		session[:user_id] = user.id
	end

	describe 'GET #index' do
		it "populates an array of contacts" do
			get :index
			expect(assigns(:contacts)).to match_array [@contact]
		end

		it "renders the :index template" do
			get :index
			expect(response).to render_template :index
		end
	end

	describe 'GET #show' do
		it "assigns the requested contact to @contact" do
			get :show, id: @contact
			expect(assigns(:contact)).to eq @contact

		end

		it "renders the :show template" do
			get :show, id: @contact
			expect(response).to render_template :show
		end
	end
end


# Testing the guest role

spec/controllers/contacts_controller_spec.rb

describe "guest access" do

	describe 'GET #new' do
		it "requires login" do
			get :new
			expect(response).to redirect_to login_url
		end
	end

	describe 'GET #edit' do
		it "requires login" do
			contact = create(:contact)
			get :edit, id: contact
			expect(response).to redirect_to login_url
		end
	end

	describe "POST #create" do
		it "requires login" do
			post :create, id: create(:contact),
			contact: attributes_for(:contact)
			expect(response).to redirect_to login_url
		end
	end

	describe 'PUT #update' do
		it "requires login" do
			put :update, id: create(:contact),
			contact: attributes_for(:contact)
			expect(response).to redirect_to login_url
		end
	end

	describe 'DELETE #destroy' do
		it "requires login" do
			delete :destroy, id: create(:contact)
			expect(response).to redirect_to login_url
		end
	end
end



# Testing a given role’s authorization

spec/controllers/users_controller_spec.rb

describe 'user access' do
	before :each do
		@user = create(:user)
		session[:user_id] = @user.id
	end

	describe 'GET #index' do
		it "collects users into @users" do
			user = create(:user)
			get :index
			expect(assigns(:users)).to match_array [@user,user]
		end

		it "renders the :index template" do
			get :index
			expect(response).to render_template :index
		end
	end

	it "GET #new denies access" do
		get :new
		expect(response).to redirect_to root_url
	end

	it "POST#create denies access" do
		post :create, user: attributes_for(:user)
		expect(response).to redirect_to root_url
	end
end


# Feature specs

gem "database_cleaner", group: :test
gem "launchy", group: :test

mkdir spec/features/

# A basic feature spec


spec/features/users_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

feature 'User management' do
	scenario "adds a new user" do
		admin = create(:admin)

		visit root_path
		click_link 'Log In'
		fill_in 'Email', with: admin.email
		fill_in 'Password', with: admin.password
		click_button 'Log In'

		visit root_path
		expect{
			click_link 'Users'
			click_link 'New User'
			fill_in 'Email', with: 'newuser@example.com'
			find('#password').fill_in 'Password', with: 'secret123'
			find('#password_confirmation').fill_in 'Password confirmation',with: 'secret123'
			click_button 'Create User'
			}.to change(User, :count).by(1)

			expect(current_path).to eq users_path

			expect(page).to have_content 'New user created'

			within 'h1' do
				expect(page).to have_content 'Users'
			end

			expect(page).to have_content 'newuser@example.com'
		end
	end



# Adding feature specs


require 'spec_helper'

feature 'my feature' do
	background do
		"add setup details"
	end

	scenario 'my first test' do
		"write the example!"
	end
end



spec/features/users_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

feature 'User management' do
	scenario "adds a new user" do
		admin = create(:admin)
		sign_in admin

		visit root_path
		expect{
			click_link 'Users'
			click_link 'New User'
			fill_in 'Email', with: 'newuser@example.com'
			find('#password').fill_in 'Password', with: 'secret123'
			find('#password_confirmation').fill_in 'Password confirmation',
			with: 'secret123'
			click_button 'Create User'
			}.to change(User, :count).by(1)

			save_and_open_page
		end
	end

# Including JavaScript interactions

spec/features/about_us_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

feature "About BigCo modal" do
	scenario "toggles display of the modal about display" do
		visit root_path

		expect(page).to_not have_content 'About BigCo'
		expect(page).to_not \
		have_content 'BigCo produces the finest widgets in all the land'

		click_link 'About Us'

		expect(page).to have_content 'About BigCo'
		expect(page).to \
		have_content 'BigCo produces the finest widgets in all the land'

		within '#about_us' do
			click_button 'Close'
		end

		expect(page).to_not have_content 'About BigCo'
		expect(page).to_not \
		have_content 'BigCo produces the finest widgets in all the land'
	end
end