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@even4void
Created August 11, 2011 10:05
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A simple animated demonstration of Power Analysis
mha <- 1 # mean under the alternative
es <- 2 # observed effect (deviation from mean under H0)
x <- seq(-6, 6, length=1000)
dh0 <- dnorm(x, 0, 1)
show.it <- function(es, mha, verbose=FALSE) {
dh1 <- dnorm(x, mha, 1)
plot.new()
plot.window(xlim=range(x), ylim=c(0,.6))
axis(1)
## show the two bell-shaped curves
draw.curve <- function(x, y, col) {
polygon(c(rev(x), x), c(rep(0, 1000), y), col=paste(col, "50", sep=""),
border=NA)
lines(x, y, lwd=1, col=col)
}
draw.curve(x, dh0, col="#2A4480")
draw.curve(x, dh1, col="#FFE973")
mtext(expression(mu[H0]), 1, -1.25, at=0)
mtext(expression(mu[H1]), 1, -1.25, at=mha)
## show the observed effect
abline(v=es, lty=2)
## highlight Type I and 1 - Type II error
polygon(c(rev(x[x>=es]), x[x>=es]), c(rep(0, sum(x>=es)), dh0[x>=es]),
col="#BF303075", border=NA)
lines(x[x>=es], dh0[x>=es], col="#BF3030", lwd=1)
polygon(c(rev(x[x>=es & dh0<dh1]), x[x>=es & dh0<dh1]),
c(rev(dh0[x>=es & dh0<dh1]), dh1[x>=es & dh0<dh1]),
col="#1D737375", border=NA)
lines(x[x>=es & dh0<dh1], dh1[x>=es & dh0<dh1], col="#1D7373", lwd=1)
alpha <- pnorm(es, 0, 1, lower.tail=FALSE)
beta <- pnorm(es, mha, 1)
labs.h0 <- "Type I Error (Alpha) "
labs.h1a <- "Type II Error (Beta) "
labs.h1b <- "1 - Type II Error (Power) "
if (verbose) {
labs.h0 <- paste(labs.h0, round(alpha*100, 1), "%", sep="")
labs.h1a <- paste(labs.h1a, round(beta*100, 1), "%", sep="")
labs.h1b <- paste(labs.h1b, round((1-beta)*100, 1), "%", sep="")
}
legend("topleft", c(labs.h0, labs.h1a, labs.h1b), pch=15,
col=c("#BF3030", "#FFE973", "#1D7373"), bty="n")
}
animate.it <- function() {
require(aplpack)
update.display <- function(...) {
s.es <- slider(no=1)
s.mha <- slider(no=2)
s.verbose <- slider(obj.name="show.numbers")
show.it(s.es, s.mha, s.verbose)
}
slider(update.display, sl.names=c("Effect", "Mean Under HA"),
sl.mins=c(0.5, 0.5), sl.maxs=c(4, 3),
sl.deltas=c(.05,.1), sl.defaults=c(es, mha),
but.functions=list(
function(...) {slider(obj.name="show.numbers", obj.value=TRUE);
update.display()},
function(...) {slider(obj.name="show.numbers", obj.value=FALSE);
update.display()}),
but.names=c("On", "Off"))
slider(obj.name="show.numbers", obj.value=FALSE)
}
show.it(es, mha, verbose=FALSE)
animate.it()
@maahiir
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maahiir commented Oct 30, 2022

Hi
I tried running the same code but I am getting error when I try to implement animate.it(). I get the following error

Error in tkconfigure(sc, variable = slider1) :
could not find function "tkconfigure"

Could you help me with this?

@even4void
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Author

Error in tkconfigure(sc, variable = slider1) :
could not find function "tkconfigure"

You likely need to install the tcltk2 package in R, e.g. install.packages("tcltk2", dependencies = TRUE).
Best,

@maahiir
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maahiir commented Oct 31, 2022

Thanks :)
This worked ::)

Best

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