https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48441863/is-there-a-way-to-implement-a-circular-waiting-indicator-using-pyqt4

main.py

import requests

"""from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *"""

from PyQt4.QtCore import *
from PyQt4.QtGui import *

from WaitingSpinnerWidget import QtWaitingSpinner

class RequestRunnable(QRunnable):
    def __init__(self, dialog):
        QRunnable.__init__(self)
        self.w = dialog

    def run(self):
        QThread.msleep(10000)
        QMetaObject.invokeMethod(self.w, "setData",
                                 Qt.QueuedConnection,
                                 Q_ARG(str, "finish"))


class Dialog(QDialog):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        QDialog.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.setLayout(QVBoxLayout())
        btn = QPushButton("Submit", self)
        btn.clicked.connect(self.submit)
        self.spinner = QtWaitingSpinner(self)

        self.layout().addWidget(btn)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.spinner)

    def submit(self):
        self.spinner.start()
        runnable = RequestRunnable(self)
        QThreadPool.globalInstance().start(runnable)

    @pyqtSlot(str)
    def setData(self, data):
        print(data)
        self.spinner.stop()
        self.adjustSize()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    dial = Dialog()
    dial.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

WaitingSpinnerWidget.py

from math import ceil

"""from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *"""

from PyQt4.QtCore import *
from PyQt4.QtGui import *


class QtWaitingSpinner(QWidget):
    mColor = QColor(Qt.gray)
    mRoundness = 100.0
    mMinimumTrailOpacity = 31.4159265358979323846
    mTrailFadePercentage = 50.0
    mRevolutionsPerSecond = 1.57079632679489661923
    mNumberOfLines = 20
    mLineLength = 10
    mLineWidth = 2
    mInnerRadius = 20
    mCurrentCounter = 0
    mIsSpinning = False

    def __init__(self, centerOnParent=True, disableParentWhenSpinning=True, *args, **kwargs):
        QWidget.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.mCenterOnParent = centerOnParent
        self.mDisableParentWhenSpinning = disableParentWhenSpinning
        self.initialize()

    def initialize(self):
        self.timer = QTimer(self)
        self.timer.timeout.connect(self.rotate)
        self.updateSize()
        self.updateTimer()
        self.hide()

    @pyqtSlot()
    def rotate(self):
        self.mCurrentCounter += 1
        if self.mCurrentCounter > self.numberOfLines():
            self.mCurrentCounter = 0
        self.update()

    def updateSize(self):
        size = (self.mInnerRadius + self.mLineLength) * 2
        self.setFixedSize(size, size)

    def updateTimer(self):
        self.timer.setInterval(1000 / (self.mNumberOfLines * self.mRevolutionsPerSecond))

    def updatePosition(self):
        if self.parentWidget() and self.mCenterOnParent:
            self.move(self.parentWidget().width() / 2 - self.width() / 2,
                      self.parentWidget().height() / 2 - self.height() / 2)

    def lineCountDistanceFromPrimary(self, current, primary, totalNrOfLines):
        distance = primary - current
        if distance < 0:
            distance += totalNrOfLines
        return distance

    def currentLineColor(self, countDistance, totalNrOfLines, trailFadePerc, minOpacity, color):
        if countDistance == 0:
            return color

        minAlphaF = minOpacity / 100.0

        distanceThreshold = ceil((totalNrOfLines - 1) * trailFadePerc / 100.0)
        if countDistance > distanceThreshold:
            color.setAlphaF(minAlphaF)

        else:
            alphaDiff = self.mColor.alphaF() - minAlphaF
            gradient = alphaDiff / distanceThreshold + 1.0
            resultAlpha = color.alphaF() - gradient * countDistance
            resultAlpha = min(1.0, max(0.0, resultAlpha))
            color.setAlphaF(resultAlpha)
        return color

    def paintEvent(self, event):
        self.updatePosition()
        painter = QPainter(self)
        painter.fillRect(self.rect(), Qt.transparent)
        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing, True)
        if self.mCurrentCounter > self.mNumberOfLines:
            self.mCurrentCounter = 0
        painter.setPen(Qt.NoPen)

        for i in range(self.mNumberOfLines):
            painter.save()
            painter.translate(self.mInnerRadius + self.mLineLength,
                              self.mInnerRadius + self.mLineLength)
            rotateAngle = 360.0 * i / self.mNumberOfLines
            painter.rotate(rotateAngle)
            painter.translate(self.mInnerRadius, 0)
            distance = self.lineCountDistanceFromPrimary(i, self.mCurrentCounter,
                                                         self.mNumberOfLines)
            color = self.currentLineColor(distance, self.mNumberOfLines,
                                          self.mTrailFadePercentage, self.mMinimumTrailOpacity, self.mColor)
            painter.setBrush(color)
            painter.drawRoundedRect(QRect(0, -self.mLineWidth // 2, self.mLineLength, self.mLineLength),
                                    self.mRoundness, Qt.RelativeSize)
            painter.restore()

    def start(self):
        self.updatePosition()
        self.mIsSpinning = True
        self.show()

        if self.parentWidget() and self.mDisableParentWhenSpinning:
            self.parentWidget().setEnabled(False)

        if not self.timer.isActive():
            self.timer.start()
            self.mCurrentCounter = 0

    def stop(self):
        self.mIsSpinning = False
        self.hide()

        if self.parentWidget() and self.mDisableParentWhenSpinning:
            self.parentWidget().setEnabled(True)

        if self.timer.isActive():
            self.timer.stop()
            self.mCurrentCounter = 0

    def setNumberOfLines(self, lines):
        self.mNumberOfLines = lines
        self.updateTimer()

    def setLineLength(self, length):
        self.mLineLength = length
        self.updateSize()

    def setLineWidth(self, width):
        self.mLineWidth = width
        self.updateSize()

    def setInnerRadius(self, radius):
        self.mInnerRadius = radius
        self.updateSize()

    def color(self):
        return self.mColor

    def roundness(self):
        return self.mRoundness

    def minimumTrailOpacity(self):
        return self.mMinimumTrailOpacity

    def trailFadePercentage(self):
        return self.mTrailFadePercentage

    def revolutionsPersSecond(self):
        return self.mRevolutionsPerSecond

    def numberOfLines(self):
        return self.mNumberOfLines

    def lineLength(self):
        return self.mLineLength

    def lineWidth(self):
        return self.mLineWidth

    def innerRadius(self):
        return self.mInnerRadius

    def isSpinning(self):
        return self.mIsSpinning

    def setRoundness(self, roundness):
        self.mRoundness = min(0.0, max(100, roundness))

    def setColor(self, color):
        self.mColor = color

    def setRevolutionsPerSecond(self, revolutionsPerSecond):
        self.mRevolutionsPerSecond = revolutionsPerSecond
        self.updateTimer()

    def setTrailFadePercentage(self, trail):
        self.mTrailFadePercentage = trail

    def setMinimumTrailOpacity(self, minimumTrailOpacity):
        self.mMinimumTrailOpacity = minimumTrailOpacity


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    dial = QDialog()
    w = QtWaitingSpinner(dial)
    dial.show()
    w.start()
    QTimer.singleShot(1000, w.stop)
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

@cranialhum I just tested my code with:

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.widget_main = QWidget(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.widget_main)
        self.layout_main = QVBoxLayout()
        self.widget_main.setLayout(self.layout_main)
        self.busy_spinner = QtWaitingSpinner(self.centralWidget())
        self.centralWidget().layout().addWidget(self.busy_spinner)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MainWindow()
    w.show()
    w.busy_spinner.start()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

And works.

---

On the other hand, QMainWindow has a predefined layout:

So it is not recommended to add it directly.

Thanks @eyllanesc. This works with me also, so I'm not sure what's going on in my application at this stage - will just need to dig in.
I'm not sure if you may find this useful or not, but I built a function decorator to executelong execution functions in a separate thread, which additionally manages the QtWaitingSpinner interface.
The following code works nicely (based on your example) - i'm sure there's room for improvement, but it's been stable for me across various applications.

Thanks for the help again.

import sys
import time
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QLabel, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import QThread

def busy_spinner_decorator(busy_spinner_attr_name=None, parent_callback_func_name=None):
    """
    This decorator causes the decorated function to be executed within it's own thread, operates the QtWaitingSpinner,
    and calls back the desired function on completion (whether success or fail).
    Callback is called from main thread and will be served the return value of the decorated function.

    How to use
    @busy_spinner_decorator("my_busy_spinner_instance", "function_i_want_callback")
    def long_execution_function(self):

    @param busy_spinner_attr_name: QtWaitingSpinner instance variable name
    @type busy_spinner_attr_name: str
    @param parent_callback_func_name: Call back function name
    @type parent_callback_func_name: str
    """

    # Reference
    # https://www.techblog.moebius.space/posts/2019-06-22-third-time-lucky-with-python-decorators/#2-decorator-classes
    # https://www.programmersought.com/article/6421908527/
    # https://realpython.com/primer-on-python-decorators/#classes-as-decorators
    # https://www.datacamp.com/community/tutorials/decorators-python
    # https://www.py4u.net/discuss/205775
    def deco(function):
        def inner(self, *args, **kwargs):
            # Get the function 'parent' (ie. 'self'), and get access to the attributes used by this decorator
            parent = self
            busy_spinner = getattr(self, busy_spinner_attr_name) if busy_spinner_attr_name is not None else None
            parent_callback = getattr(self, parent_callback_func_name) if parent_callback_func_name is not None else None

            def func_threaded_start(self, *args, **kwargs):
                nonlocal busy_spinner

                def _callback(result):
                    nonlocal parent_callback
                    nonlocal busy_spinner
                    if parent_callback:
                        LOGGER.debug(f"calling parent_callback with result = {result}")
                        parent_callback(result)
                    if busy_spinner:
                        busy_spinner.stop()

                class Worker(QtCore.QThread):
                    def __init__(self):
                        nonlocal parent
                        super(QtCore.QThread, self).__init__(parent=parent)
                        self.finished.connect(self._complete)
                        self.result = None

                    def _complete(self):
                        nonlocal _callback
                        LOGGER.debug("calling self._callback")
                        _callback(self.result)

                    def run(self):
                        nonlocal parent
                        try:
                            LOGGER.debug("calling function")
                            self.result = function(parent, *args, **kwargs)
                        except Exception as e:
                            raise e
                            #self.result = traceback.format_exc()

                _my_thread_instance = Worker()
                if busy_spinner: busy_spinner.start()
                _my_thread_instance.start()
                LOGGER.debug("_my_thread_instance started")

            return func_threaded_start(self, *args, **kwargs)
        return inner
    return deco


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.widget_main = QWidget(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.widget_main)
        self.layout_main = QVBoxLayout()
        self.widget_main.setLayout(self.layout_main)
        self.busy_spinner = QtWaitingSpinner(self.centralWidget())
        self.centralWidget().layout().addWidget(self.busy_spinner)
        self.label = QLabel("")
        self.centralWidget().layout().addWidget(self.label)

    @busy_spinner_decorator("busy_spinner", "callback")
    def long_operation(self):
        self.label.setText("running")
        time.sleep(3)
        return True

    def callback(self, retval):
        self.label.setText(f"complete: {str(retval)}")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MainWindow()
    w.show()
    w.long_operation()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())