Manim video showing the overestimating effect of applying the wrong unseen species estimator

overestimation-animation.py

import random

def sailor_legend(color, text):
    text = Text(text, color=BLACK, font_size=24)
    sailor = ImageMobject(f"sailor-{color}.png").scale(0.15)
    return Group(sailor, text).arrange(RIGHT)

rng = np.random.RandomState(2029) #1989 #2019

class ShipScene(SpaceScene):
    def construct(self):
        
        bg = FullScreenRectangle()
        bg.set_fill("#FFFFFF", 1)
        self.add(bg)
                
        observed = int(460 / 25)
        
        x_pos = rng.normal(0, 1, observed)
        y_pos = rng.normal(0, 0.4, observed)

        sailors = Group(*[ImageMobject(
            f"sailor-green.png").scale(0.18).move_to(
            np.array([x_pos[i], y_pos[i], 0])) for i in range(observed)])
        
        
        grey_sailor = sailor_legend("grey", "25k each")
        green_sailor = sailor_legend("green", "460k seen")
        blue_sailor = sailor_legend("blue", "255k unseen")
        red_sailor = sailor_legend("red", "2.3M overestimated")
        
        
        legend = Group(
            grey_sailor, green_sailor, blue_sailor, red_sailor
        ).arrange(DOWN, aligned_edge=LEFT, buff=0.1).shift(UP * 2.5 + LEFT * 5.3)
        

        ground = Line([-6.7, -3.9, 0], [6.7, -3.9, 0], color=WHITE)
        wall1 = Line([-3.7, -3.9, 0], [-4.1, -1.5, 0], color=WHITE)
        wall2 = Line([2.1, -3.9, 0], [3.4, -1.7, 0], color=WHITE)
        wall3 = Line([-6.7, -3.9, 0], [-6.7, 3.9, 0], color=WHITE)        
        wall4 = Line([6.7, -3.9, 0], [6.7, 3.9, 0], color=WHITE)
        
        walls = VGroup(ground, wall1, wall2)#, wall3, wall4)
        self.add(walls)        
        
        ship = ImageMobject("boat2.png").shift(DOWN)
        self.add(ship)
        
        self.play(
            FadeIn(sailors),
            FadeIn(grey_sailor),
            FadeIn(green_sailor),
        )
        self.make_static_body(walls, elasticity=0.8, friction=0.8)
        self.make_rigid_body(*sailors, elasticity=0.8, friction=0.8)  # Mobjects will move with gravity
        # Mobjects will stay in place
        self.wait(5)
        
        estimated = int((716 - 460) / 25)

        x_pos = rng.normal(-0.5, 1.1, estimated)
        y_pos = rng.normal(0, 0.4, estimated)

        est_sailors = Group(*[ImageMobject(
            f"sailor-blue.png").scale(0.18).move_to(
            np.array([x_pos[i], 1 + y_pos[i], 0])) for i in range(estimated)])

        self.play(
            FadeIn(est_sailors), 
            FadeIn(blue_sailor),
            run_time=0.5
        )
        self.make_rigid_body(*est_sailors, elasticity=0.8, friction=0.8)  # Mobjects will move with gravity
        # Mobjects will stay in place
        self.wait(5)
                
        overestimated = int((2300 - 710) / 25)

        x_pos = rng.normal(0, 1.2, overestimated)
        y_pos = rng.normal(0, 0.4, overestimated)

        overest_sailors = Group(*[ImageMobject(
            f"sailor-red.png").scale(0.18).move_to(
            np.array([x_pos[i], 2 + y_pos[i], 0])) for i in range(overestimated)])

        self.play(
            FadeIn(overest_sailors), 
            FadeIn(red_sailor), 
            run_time=0.5
        )
        self.make_rigid_body(*overest_sailors)  # Mobjects will move with gravity
        # Mobjects will stay in place
        self.wait(10)