popular git used

popular git used.txt

Here there are some examples of git commands that I use often.

Not all commands written here are git commands, but all of them are related to git. Please refer to the documentation for more details.

### Set your details
git config --global user.name "John Doe"
git config --global user.email "john@example.com"
Use --global to set the configuration for all projects. If git config is used without --global and run inside a project directory, the settings are set for the specific project.

### Make git ignore file modes
cd project/
git config core.filemode false
This option is useful if the file permissions are not important to us, for example when we are on Windows.

### See your settings
git config --list
### Initialize a git repository for existing code
cd existing-project/
git init
### Clone a remote repository
git clone https://github.com/user/repository.git
This creates a new directory with the name of the repository.

### Clone a remote repository in the current directory
git clone https://github.com/user/repository.git .
Get help for a specific git command
git help clone
### Update and merge your current branch with a remote
cd repository/
git pull origin master
Where origin is the remote repository, and master the remote branch.
If you don't want to merge your changes, use git fetch

### View remote urls
git remote -v
### Change origin url
git remote set-url origin http//github.com/repo.git
Add remote
git remote add remote-name https://github.com/user/repo.git
### See non-staged (non-added) changes to existing files
git diff
Note that this does not track new files.

See staged, non-commited changes
git diff --cached
See differences between local changes and master
git diff origin/master
Note that origin/master is one local branch, a shorthand for refs/remotes/origin/master, which is the full name of the remote-tracking branch.

See differences between two commits
git diff COMMIT1_ID COMMIT2_ID
See the files changed between two commits
git diff --name-only COMMIT1_ID COMMIT2_ID
See the files changed in a specific commit
git diff-tree --no-commit-id --name-only -r COMMIT_ID
or

git show --pretty="format:" --name-only COMMIT_ID
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/a/424142/1391963

See diff before push
git diff --cached origin/master
See details (log message, text diff) of a commit
git show COMMIT_ID
Check the status of the working tree (current branch, changed files...)
git status
Make some changes, commit them
git add changed_file.txt
git add folder-with-changed-files/
git commit -m "Commiting changes"
Rename/move and remove files
git rm removeme.txt tmp/crap.txt
git mv file_oldname.txt file_newname.txt
git commit -m "deleting 2 files, renaming 1"
Change message of last commit
git commit --amend -m "New commit message"
Push local commits to remote branch
git push origin master
See recent commit history
git log
See commit history for the last two commits
git log -2
See commit history for the last two commits, with diff
git log -p -2
See commit history printed in single lines
git log --pretty=oneline
Revert one commit, push it
git revert dd61ab21
git push origin master
Revert to the moment before one commit
# reset the index to the desired tree
git reset 56e05fced

# move the branch pointer back to the previous HEAD
git reset --soft HEAD@{1}

git commit -m "Revert to 56e05fced"

# Update working copy to reflect the new commit
git reset --hard
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/q/1895059/1391963

Undo last commit, preserving local changes
git reset --soft HEAD~1
Undo last commit, without preserving local changes
git reset --hard HEAD~1
Undo last commit, preserving local changes in index
git reset --mixed HEAD~1
Or git reset HEAD~1
See also http://stackoverflow.com/q/927358/1391963

Undo non-pushed commits
git reset origin/master
Reset to remote state
git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin/master
See local branches
git branch
See all branches
git branch -a
Make some changes, create a patch
git diff > patch-issue-1.patch
Add a file and create a patch
git add newfile
git diff --staged > patch-issue-2.patch
Add a file, make some changes, and create a patch
git add newfile
git diff HEAD > patch-issue-2.patch
Make a patch for a commit
git format-patch COMMIT_ID
Make patches for the last two commits
git format-patch HEAD~2
Make patches for all non-pushed commits
git format-patch origin/master
Create patches that contain binary content
git format-patch --binary --full-index origin/master
Apply a patch
git apply -v patch-name.patch
Apply a patch created using format-patch
git am patch1.patch
Break up multiple changes into separate commits (or commit only part of a changed file)
git add --patch file.txt
(press 'y' for the chunks to add)
git commit -m 'first part of the file'
(repeat if desired)
Sources: https://stackoverflow.com/q/4948494/1391963, https://stackoverflow.com/q/1085162/1391963

Create a tag
git tag 7.x-1.3
Push a tag
git push origin 7.x-1.3
Create a branch
git checkout master
git branch new-branch-name
Here master is the starting point for the new branch. Note that with these 2 commands we don't move to the new branch, as we are still in master and we would need to run git checkout new-branch-name. The same can be achieved using one single command: git checkout -b new-branch-name

Create a branch from a previous commit
git branch branchname sha1-of-commit
or using a symbolic reference (e.g. last commit):

git branch branchname HEAD~1
You can also use

git checkout -b branchname sha1-of-commit
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/a/2816728/1391963

Checkout a branch
git checkout new-branch-name
See commit history for just the current branch
git cherry -v master
(master is the branch you want to compare)

Merge branch commits
git checkout master
git merge branch-name
Here we are merging all commits of branch-name to master.

Merge a branch without committing
git merge branch-name --no-commit --no-ff
See differences between the current state and a branch
git diff branch-name
See differences in a file, between the current state and a branch
git diff branch-name path/to/file
Delete a branch
git branch -d new-branch-name
Push the new branch
git push origin new-branch-name
Get all branches
git fetch origin
Get the git root directory
git rev-parse --show-toplevel
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/q/957928/1391963

Remove from repository all locally deleted files
git rm $(git ls-files --deleted)
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/a/5147119/1391963

Delete all untracked files
git clean -f
Including directories:

git clean -f -d
Preventing sudden cardiac arrest:

git clean -n -f -d
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/q/61212/1391963

Delete all files from a git repository that have already been deleted from disk:
git ls-files --deleted -z | xargs -0 git rm
Source (and alternatives): https://stackoverflow.com/a/5147119/1391963

Show total file size difference between two commits
Short answer: Git does not do that.
Long answer: See http://stackoverflow.com/a/10847242/1391963

Unstage (undo add) files:
git reset HEAD file.txt
See closest tag
git describe --tags `git rev-list --tags --max-count=1`
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/q/1404796/1391963. See also git-describe.

Have git pull running every X seconds, with GNU Screen
screen
for((i=1;i<=10000;i+=1)); do sleep 30 && git pull; done
Use Ctrl+a Ctrl+d to detach the screen.

See previous git commands executed
history | grep git
or

grep '^git'  /root/.bash_history
See recently used branches (i.e. branches ordered by most recent commit)
git for-each-ref --sort=-committerdate refs/heads/ | head
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/q/5188320/1391963

Tar project files, excluding .git directory
cd ..
tar cJf project.tar.xz project/ --exclude-vcs
Tar all locally modified files
git diff --name-only | xargs tar -cf project.tar -T -
Look for conflicts in your current files
grep -H -r "<<<" *
grep -H -r ">>>" *
grep -H -r '^=======$' *
There's also git-grep.

Apply a patch not using git:
patch -p1 < file.patch


POPULAR @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

git init
git status
git log --summary

git add file.txt
git add '*.txt'     : add all files, also in subfolders
git rm file.txt     : remove file
git rm -r foldername: remove file and folders recursively

git commit -m "Descriptive text of the change"

git remote add origin https://github.com/try-git/try_git.git
git push -u origin master
git pull origin master
git diff --staged

git add folder/file.txt         : Add file to staged area
git reset folder/file.txt       : Remove file from staged area
git checkout -- folder/file.txt : checkout the last know version, restore.
git branch feature      : create branch
git checkout feature    : use branch (and do the work)
git checkout master     : go back to master before merge
git merge feature       : merge branch into master
git branch -d feature   : delete that branch that is not used any more