SomeClass.php

<?php

class SomeClass
{

    /**
     * Hold options data for later use.
     *
     * @var Array
     */
    protected $options;

    /**
     * Return a option data.
     *
     * @var Option
     */
    public function getOption($key)
    {
        if ( ! array_key_exists($key, $this->options)) {
            $this->options[$key] = Option::where('key', '=', $key)->first();
        }

        return $this->options[$key];
    }

    /**
     * The first process.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function processFirst()
    {
        $firstOption = $this->getOption('the_first_key');

        // Do something
    }

    /**
     * The second process.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function processSecond()
    {
        $secondOption = $this->getOption('the_second_key');

        // Do something
    }

     /**
     * The third process.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function processThird()
    {
        $firstOption = $this->getOption('the_first_key');

        // Do something
    }
}

$aClass = new SomeClass();

// Call the first process
// This process will fetch "the_first_key" option from DB
$aClass->processFirst();

// Call the second process
// This process will fetch "the_second_key" option from DB
$aClass->processSecond();

// Call the third process
// This process will fetch "the_first_key" option cached in 'options' variable
$aClass->processThird();